ืžื•ื’ื–ืžืช? ื’'ื™ื™ ืœื• ื”ื’ื™ืขื” ืœืคืจื™ื–, ื•ื”ืฉืื™ืจื” ืื—ืจื™ื” ืื“ืžื” ื—ืจื•ื›ื”

ื’'ื•ื˜ื” ืœื™ืจื“ื, ืžื”ืคืจืฆื•ืคื™ื ื”ื™ืคื™ื ืฉืœ ืื•ืœื™ืžืคื™ืื“ืช ื”ื—ื•ืจืฃ, ืงื˜ืคื” ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข ืืช ืžื“ืœื™ื™ืช ื”ื–ื”ื‘ ื‘ื”ื—ืœืงื” ืžื”ื™ืจื” ืขืœ ื”ืงืจื—. ืžื” ืฉืชืคืก ืืช ืชืฉื•ืžืช ืœื‘ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ื”ื™ื ื”ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ื”ื ืจื’ืฉืช ืฉืœ ืืจื•ืกื” ื’'ื™ื™ืง ืคื•ืœ - ืžืชืื’ืจืฃ ื•ืื™ืฉื™ื•ืช ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ื™ืช ื™ื“ื•ืขื” ืœืฉืžืฆื”. ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืืช ื”ืคื™ื“ ืฉืœ ื’'ื•ื˜ื”, ื•ืฉื ื’ื™ืœื™ื ื• ืืช ื—ื™ื‘ืชื” ืœืฉืžืœื•ืช ืฆืžื•ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“. ืœื ืงืฉื” ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืœืžื”

ื”ืคืื•ืฆ'ื™ื ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืชืฉื•ืžืช ืœื‘ ืื•ืคื ืชื™ืช, ืื‘ืœ ืืœ ืชืชื‘ืœื‘ืœื• โ€“ ืœื ืืœื” ืขื ื”ืจื•ื›ืกืŸ ืฉื ืชืœื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืžื•ืชื ื™ื™ื ืื• ื”ื›ืชืคื™ื™ื. ืชื™ืงื™ ื”ืคืื•ืฅ' ื”ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืžื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืจื›ื™ื ื•ื ืืกืคื™ื ื‘ื—ืœืงื ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื—ื•ื˜ื™ ื”ื™ื“ื•ืง, ื‘ืžืจืื” ืืœื’ื ื˜ื™ ื•ืขื“ื™ืŸ. ืœื ืžืขื˜ ื‘ืชื™ ืื•ืคื ื” ื›ื‘ืจ ืขืœื• ืขืœ ื”ื’ืœ ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™, ืื‘ืœ ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื‘ืžื—ื•ื–ื•ืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ื’' ื•ื”ื™ื“ ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื”

ื›ื•ื›ื‘ืช ื”ืขืœ ื”ืขืกื•ืงื”, ืฉืžืžืœืื” ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืืช ื”ืื•ืœืžื•ืช ืขื "ืขื•ื–ืจืช ื”ื‘ื™ืช", ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื” ืœื“ื’ืžืŸ ืœ"ืืžืจื™ืงืŸ ืื™ื’ืœ" ื’ื ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืกืขืจื” ื•ื”ืฉื™ืงื” ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืžื•ืชื’ ื”ืœื‘ืฉื” ืชื—ืชื•ื ื” ื—ื“ืฉ, "ื ืชืคืกื”" ืžืกืชื•ื‘ื‘ืช ื‘ืจื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื ื™ื•-ื™ื•ืจืง ื‘ืœื•ืง ื”ื›ื™ ืงื–'ื•ืืœื™ ื•ื‘ื™ื™ืกื™ืงื™ ืœื›ืื•ืจื”, ืฉื›ื•ืœืœ ืืช ื”ื”ืฆืฆื” ื”ื›ื™ ื ื•ื ืฉืœื ื˜ื™ืช ื•ืœื•ื”ื˜ืช

ืœื ืžื–ืžืŸ ื”ื™ื“ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื” ืขื•ืจืจื• ืกืขืจื” ืขืœ ื”ืฉื˜ื™ื— ื”ืื“ื•ื, ืื‘ืœ ื ืจืื” ืฉื”ื™ื” ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืื–ืขืงืช ืฉื•ื•ื. ื”ืฉื—ืงื ื™ืช ื ืจืืชื” ืืชืžื•ืœ ื‘ืฉื™ื ื‘ืคืจืžื™ื™ืจืช ื”ืกืจื˜ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ื• ื”ื™ื ืžื›ื›ื‘ืช, ื›ืฉื”ื™ื ืœื•ื‘ืฉืช ืฉืžืœื” ืฉืงื•ืคื” ื•ืื—ืจื™ื” ื—ืœื™ืคื” ืžื—ื•ื™ื˜ืช ื‘ืžืจืื” ืื•ื‘ืจืกื™ื™ื–. ืงื•ื˜ื•ืจ, ืจื‘ื•ืชื™ื™

ื˜ื™ื™ืœื•ืจ ืžืœื›ื•ื‘ ื”ืคืฆื™ืฆื” ืืžืฉ ื‘ืื™ืจื•ืข ืขื ืฉืžืœื” ืžืœืืช ื’ืœืื ืฉื ืจืื™ืช ื›ืื™ืœื• ืขื•ืฆื‘ื” ืžืจืืฉ ืœืื™ืจื•ืขื™ ืฉื˜ื™ื— ืื“ื•ื ืื• ื˜ืงืกื™ื ื—ื’ื™ื’ื™ื™ื. ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืฉืžืœืช ืžืงืกื™ ื‘ื’ื–ืจืช ืงื•ืœืจ, ืขื ืฉืจื•ื›ื™ ืงืฉื™ืจื” ื“ืงื™ื ื•ืืจื•ื›ื™ื ื•ืžื—ืฉื•ืฃ ืกื™ื™ื“ ื‘ื•ื‘ ืขื“ื™ืŸ. ื”ืื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืฉืžืœืช ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื ืคื™ืก ืœื›ืœ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื? ื›ืŸ, ื•ืขื•ื“ ืื™ืš

ื”ืŸ ื‘ื•ืœ ื‘ื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ืฆืจ ื•ื”ื‘ื•ื‘ืชื™, ื•ื‘ื•ืœ ื‘ืฆื‘ืข ืฉืชืžื™ื“ ืžืฉื“ืจ ืฉื™ืง ื™ื•ืงืจืชื™ ื•ืžืฉืชืœื‘ ืžื•ืฉืœื ืขื ื”ื›ืœ. ื—ื‘ืœ ืฉื”ืŸ ืœื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื‘ื•ืœ ื‘ืžื—ื™ืจ, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื‘ืจ ื–ื• ื›ื ืจืื” ืœื ื‘ืขื™ื” - ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื ื• ืงืฆืช ื”ืฉืจืืช ืกื˜ืจื™ื˜-ืกื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืคืจื™ื–ืื™ืช ืงืœืืกื™ืช

ื ื™ื›ืจ ืฉืœืชืจืฆื” ื›ื”ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืชืฉื•ืงื” ืืžื™ืชื™ืช ืœืื•ืคื ื”, ื•ืื•ืชื” ื”ื™ื ืžืคื ื” ืœืžืขื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื”ืฉืจืื” ื”ืื™ื ืกื•ืคื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ืคื™ื ื˜ืจืกื˜. ื”ืคืขื ื”ื™ื ืฉืœืคื” ืฉื ืœื•ืง ืื™ืงื•ื ื™ ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“, ื›ื–ื” ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ืฉื•ื—ื–ืจ ืœื ืคืขื ื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืฆืœื™ื— ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืืชื’ืจ ื‘ืจืžืช ื”ืงื•ืœื™ื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื›ื™ืœ: ืœื•ืง ืžืขื™ืœ ื”ืคืืคืจ ื”ืื“ื•ื ืฉืœ ื”ื ืกื™ื›ื” ื“ื™ืื ื”, ื›ืคื™ ืฉืชื•ืขื“ื” ื‘ืชืžื•ื ืช ืคืคืจืืฆื™ ืž-1994. ืชืจืฆื”, ื ืกื™ื›ื” ืžื˜ื‘ืขื”, ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ืขืžื“ื” ื‘ืืชื’ืจ

ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื“ื ืืช ืžื•ืชื’ ื”ื•ื•ื“ืงื” ืฉืœื” ื‘ื—ืจื” ื’ืœ ื’ื“ื•ืช ืœื•ืง ืžื˜ืจื™ืฃ ืฉื›ืœืœ ื’'ื™ื ืก ืงืœืืกื™, ืจื’ืœื™ื™ื ื™ื—ืคื•ืช ื•ืกืจื™ื’ ืื—ื“ ื”ื™ืกื˜ืจื™ ืฉืขืฉื” ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”. ื’ืœ ืฉื™ื—ืงื” ืขื ื”ื›ืคืชื•ืจื™ื ื•ื”ืœื”ื™ื˜ื” ืืช ื”ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื, ื›ืฉื›ื™ืคืชืจื” ืจืง ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืžื”ื ื•ื™ืฆืจื” ืžื—ืฉื•ืฃ ื•ื™ ื ื“ื™ื‘ ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ื—ื–ื”, ืœืฆื“ ืžื—ืฉื•ืฃ ืงื˜ืŸ ื ื•ืกืฃ ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ื‘ื˜ืŸ. ื•ื›ืŸ, ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืื•ืชื• ื•ื”ื•ื ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ื”ื ื—ื”

ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื”ืคืชื™ืข ื‘ื˜ืงืก ื”ื’ืจืืžื™ ืขื ื—ืœื™ืคืช ื˜ื•ืงืกื™ื“ื•-ืžื—ื•ืš ืฉืœ ืกืงื™ืืคืจืœื™, ื”ื•ื ืขื•ืฉื” ื–ืืช ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ื‘ื’ื“ื•ืœ, ื”ืคืขื ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืžื” ืฉืœ ื”ืขืจื‘ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืกืคื•ืจื˜ ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™, ื”ืกื•ืคืจื‘ื•ืœ. ืขืœ ืืฃ ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ื‘ื›ืœ ืžื•ืชื’ ืขืœ ืฉื™ืจืฆื”, ื‘ืื ื™ ื‘ื—ืจ ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื‘ื—ืœื™ืคืช ืงืืกื˜ื ืžื™ื™ื“ ืฉืœ ืขื ืงื™ืช ื”ืื•ืคื ื” ื”ืกืคืจื“ื™ืช ื”ืžื”ื™ืจื”, ื–ืืจื”. ืžื•ืคืชืขื™ื? ื’ื ืื ื—ื ื•

ื”ืกื˜ืจืก ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืกื‘ื‘ ื”ืœื—ื™ืžื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืจื”"ื‘ ื•ืื™ืจืืŸ ืœื ืžืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ืื™ื•ื•ื ืงื” ื˜ืจืืžืค ืฉื ืจืืชื” ื‘ืฉื™ื ืฉืœื” ื‘ืื™ืจื•ืข ืชืจื•ืžื”. ืื™ื•ื•ื ืงื” ื‘ื—ืจื” ื‘ืฉืžืœืช ืžื™ื ื™ ืœื‘ื ื” ืžืขื•ื˜ืจืช ื—ืจื•ื–ื™ื ืฉื ืฉืœืคื” ื”ื™ื™ืฉืจ ืžื”ืืจื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืื•ืคื ืชื™ ืฉืœ ืืžื” ื”ืžื ื•ื—ื” ืื™ื•ื•ื ื” ื˜ืจืืžืค. ื”ื™ื• ื›ืืœื” ืฉืจืื• ื‘ื˜ื™ื™ืžื™ื ื’ ื•ื‘ืžื—ื•ื•ื” ื”ืžืจื’ืฉืช ืขืงื™ืฆื” ืœื”ืฉืงืช ื”ืกืจื˜ ืฉืœ ืžืœื ื™ื” ื˜ืจืืžืค

ืžืื™ื” ืงื™ื™ ื”ื™ื ื”ืžืฆื˜ืจืคืช ื”ื˜ืจื™ื™ื” ืœืจื›ื‘ืช ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจื™ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื ื™ืช ืœื—ื•ืคื™ ืชืื™ืœื ื“, ื•ื”ืื™ื ืกื˜ื’ืจื ืฉืœื” ื›ืจื’ืข ืžืฉื’ืข ื‘ื”ืชืื. ื‘ื™ื ืชื™ื™ื ืžื›ื›ื‘ื™ื ืฉื ื‘ื™ืงื™ื ื™ ืงื˜ืŸ ื•ืœื•ื”ื˜, ืœืฆื“ ืœื•ืง ืกื˜ืจื™ื˜ ื›ื™ืคื™ ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืœืฆื”, ื—ืฆืื™ืช ื•ืกื ื™ืงืจืก - ื•ืฉื ื™ ื”ืžืจืื•ืช ืžื‘ื•ืกืกื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืงืกื ื”ืžืจืขื ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืฆื”ื•ื‘ ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื ื™

ื”ื”ืชืจื—ืงื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื™ื™ื’ืŸ ืžืจืงืœ ื•ื”ื ืกื™ืš ื”ืืจื™ ืžื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืœื•ื›ื” ื•ื—ื•ืงื™ื• ืืžื ื ืžืืคืฉืจืช ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ื™ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืœื‘ื•ืฉ ืฉืœื”, ืื‘ืœ ื”ื“ื•ื›ืกื™ืช ืžืกืืกืงืก ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื•ืžืจืช ืขืœ ืงื• ืžืœื›ื•ืชื™ ืœืžื“ื™ ื‘ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ ืฉื˜ื™ื— ืื“ื•ื - ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืขื ื ื’ื™ืขื” ืฉืœ ื–ื•ื”ืจ ื”ื•ืœื™ื•ื•ื“ื™ ื‘ืœืชื™ ืžืชื ืฆืœ. ื–ื” ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื”ืžื™ืงืก ื”ืžืจืฉื™ื ืฉื›ื•ืœืœ ื”ืœื•ืง ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ืฉืœื”

ื”ืฉื—ืงื ื™ืช ื•ื”ื“ื•ื’ืžื ื™ืช, ืื’ื ืจื•ื“ื‘ืจื’, ื—ื’ื’ืช 40 ื•ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื”ื˜ื™ืจื•ืฃ ื”ื—ืœื™ืคื” ืฉื ื™ ืืื•ื˜ืคื™ื˜ื™ื ืœื”ื•ื˜ื™ื. ืœื•ืง ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ืฉืžืœื” ืฉื—ื•ืจื” ื‘ืื•ืจืš ืžื™ื ื™ ืงืฆืจืฆืจ, ื‘ื’ื–ืจืช ืื•ืฃ ื“ื” ืฉื•ืœื“ืจืก. ื‘ืœื•ืง ื”ืฉื ื™ ื›ืœืœ ืžื›ื ืกื™ื™ื ืฉื—ื•ืจื™ื ืฆืžื•ื“ื™ื ื•ื˜ื•ืค ื›ืกื•ืฃ ื—ื•ืฉืฃ ื‘ื˜ืŸ. ืื™ืŸ ืžื” ืœื•ืžืจ, 40 ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ื ืจืื” ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื˜ื•ื‘

ืื‘ืœ ืœืžืจื‘ื” ื”ืฆืขืจ ื”ืžื—ื™ืจ ืฉืœื• ืžืžืฉ ืœื ืžืชืื™ื ืœื›ืœ ืื—ืช. "ืชื™ืง ื”ื™ื•ื" ืฉืœ ื˜ื•ื˜ื ืžืชืืคื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืžืจืื” ืžืชื•ื—ื›ื, ื’ื–ืจื” ืžื™ื ื™ืžืœื™ืกื˜ื™ืช ื•ื˜ืืฅ' ื•ื™ื ื˜ื’'ื™ โ€“ ื•ืื ืชืกื›ื™ืžื• ืœื”ื™ืคืจื“ ืžื›ืžื” ืืœืคื™ ืฉืงืœื™ื ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืฉื™ื ืขืœื™ื• ืืช ื”ื™ื“ื™ื™ื ื’ื ื‘ืืจืฅ

ื–ื” ื”ืฉืœื‘ ื”ื–ื” ืฉื‘ื• ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืชื—ื™ืœื•ืช ืœื”ืชืขืœื ืžื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืœื ืžืกืคื™ืง ื ื•ื— ืœื ื• ืœื–ืจื•ืง ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื ื• ื‘ื‘ื•ืงืจ, ืื‘ืœ ื”ืžื’ืคื™ื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื”ื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืžื”ืกื•ื’ ืฉืžืขื™ืฃ ื›ืœ ืœื•ืง ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ ื‘ืœื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื“ืจืžื” ืžื™ื•ืชืจืช: ื”ืื“ื’' ื”ืื•ืคื ืชื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ื ื” ืžืชืจื›ื– ื‘ื˜ืงืกื˜ื•ืจื•ืช ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ื•ืช ื•ื’ื–ืจื•ืช ืžื•ื’ื“ืœื•ืช, ื•ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื” ื•ื”ื˜ืจื ื“ื™ืช ืœืื–ืŸ ืืช ื›ืœ ื–ื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ื” ืœืžื“ื™ - ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœื›ื• ืขืœ ืขืงื‘ื™ ืงื™ื˜ืŸ ืงื˜ื ื˜ื ื™ื