ืจืืฉื™ ืžืืžืจื™ื ืžืืช ืจืขื•ืช ื—ืคืฅ ืฉื•ื•ืจืฅ

ืขื•ื“ ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจื•ืช ืžืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ืกืชื™ื•, ื™ืฉ ืžื™ ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ืžืกืชืžืŸ ื›ืืงืกืกื•ืจื™ ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ื ื” ื”ื‘ืื”: ืฆืขื™ืฃ ืกืื˜ืŸ ื“ืง ืขื ืคืจื ื–ื™ื ืืจื•ื›ื™ื, ืฉืžื‘ื™ื ืื™ืชื• ืืœื’ื ื˜ื™ื•ืช ืจื•ืžื ื˜ื™ืช ื•ืžืงื‘ืœ ื—ื™ื–ื•ืง ืžื”ืคืืฉื ื™ืกื˜ื•ืช ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื•ืช

ื“ื ื™ืืœ ืœื•ื™ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ ืœืขืฆืžื• ื™ืขื“, ื•ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืงืฉื” ื•ื›ื™ืฉืจื•ืŸ ืจื‘ ื”ื’ืฉื™ื ืืช ื”ื—ืœื•ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืฆืžืจืช ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ืื•ืคื ื” ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช. ื‘ื™ืŸ ืงื•ืœืงืฆื™ื•ืช ืžืกืœื•ืœ, ืจื“ื™-ื˜ื•-ื•ื•ืจ ื•ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืขื ื”ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ื‘ืชื•ืจ ืžืขืฆื‘ ื”ืจืงืžื•ืช ื•ื”ืขื™ื˜ื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื˜ื•ืจื™ ื‘ืจืฅ' ื”ื•ื ื’ื ื”ืฆืœื™ื— ืœืคืฆื— ืืช ืฉืืœืช ื”ืฉืืœื•ืช: ืžื” ืคืืฉื ื™ืกื˜ื•ืช ืจื•ืฆื•ืช

ืื—ืจื™ ืกื™ื•ืจ ื•ื™ื ื˜ื’', ืคื•ืœื™ ืชื•ืžืืก โ€“ ื”ืžืขืฆื‘ืช ื”ืจืืฉื™ืช ืฉืœ ืงื•ืœืงืฆื™ื•ืช ื”ืจื“ื™-ื˜ื•-ื•ื•ืจ ื‘ื’ืื ื™, ืขื™ืฆื‘ื” ืฉืžืœืช ืžื—ื•ืš ืขื ื—ืฆืื™ืช ื‘ื•ืขื” ืคื™ืกื•ืœื™ืช, ืืœืชืจื” ื‘ืจื’ืข ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื•ืžืช ืชื—ืจื” ืžืฉืืจื™ื•ืช ื‘ื“ื™ื ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืื•ืคื ื”, ื•ืœืžืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉืœืคื” ื’ื–ืจื” ืžื”ืืจื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ืคื›ื” ืื•ืชื” ืœืžื™ื ื™. ืืœ ืชื“ืื’ื• ืœืฉื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื•ืช, ื’ื ืœื”ืŸ ื”ื™ื ืคืจื’ื ื”

ื”ืŸ ืชืžื™ื“ ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ื•ืช, ืื‘ืœ ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื–ื” ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื”ืจื’ืข ืฉื‘ื• ื”ืŸ ืžื—ืœื™ืคื•ืช ื‘ื”ื“ืจื’ื” ืืช ื”ืกื ื“ืœื™ื ื•ื”ื›ืคื›ืคื™ื ื•ื ื›ื ืกื•ืช ืœืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ื—ืจื™ืฉื” ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ืช ืฉืœื”ืŸ - ืื– ื—ืฉื‘ื ื• ืฉืชืจืฆื• ืœื“ืขืช ืฉื”ืขื•ื ื” ื ืขืœื™ ื”ื‘ืœืจื™ื ื” ืžื’ื™ืขื•ืช ืขื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืกื˜ ื˜ืจื ื“ื™ ื•ืืœื’ื ื˜ื™ ืฉืœ ืขืงื‘ ื‘ืœื•ืง ื ืžื•ืš ืื• ื‘ื™ื ื•ื ื™. ื”ื“ื’ื ื”ื•ื•ื™ืจืืœื™ ืฉืœ ื–ืืจื” ื›ื‘ืจ ืื–ืœ ื‘ื™ื ืชื™ื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ื™ืฉ ื’ื ื—ื ื•ืช ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจืช ื‘ืคืจื™ื– ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœืงืคื•ืฅ ืืœื™ื”

ื‘ืจื’ืข ืฉืจืื™ื ื• ืืช ื–ื” ืขืœ ืžืฉืคื™ืขื ื™ืช ื”ืขืœ ืœื™ืื ื“ืจื” ืžื“ื™ืŸ ื›ื”ืŸ, ื‘ืงื•ืœืงืฆื™ื” ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ืช ืฉืœื” ืขื ื–ืืจื”, ื™ื“ืขื ื• ืฉืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื–ื” ืจืฉืžื™: ื”ืžืคื’ืฉ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืกื’ื•ืœ ืœืื“ื•ื ื”ื•ื ื”ื“ื™ื™ื˜ ื”ืœื•ื”ื˜ ืฉืœ ืขื•ื ืช ื”ืžืขื‘ืจ ืฉืœืคื ื™ื ื•, ื•ื›ื ืจืื” ื’ื ืฉืœ ื–ืืช ืฉืชื’ื™ืข ืื—ืจื™ื”. ื”ืคื™ื“ ื›ื‘ืจ ื ืฆื‘ืข ื‘ื”ืชืื, ื•ื”ืคืืฉื ื™ืกื˜ื•ืช ืžืกืคืงื•ืช ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื”ืฉืจืื” ื”ื“ืจื•ืฉื”

ื›ื‘ื›ืœ ืขื•ื ื”, ื’ื ื‘ืงื™ืฅ ื”ื–ื” ืจืงื—ื• ื‘ืจืฉืช ื”ืื”ื•ื‘ื” ืคืจื™ื˜ ืฉืžืฆืœื™ื— ืœืงืกื•ื ืœืคืืฉื ื™ืกื˜ื•ืช ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื: ื—ืฆืื™ืช ืกื˜ื™ื™ื˜ืžื ื˜ ืขื ืคืจื™ื ื˜ ืคืจื—ื•ื ื™ ื‘ื•ืœื˜, ืงื• ืžื•ืชืŸ ื ืžื•ืš ื•ืกื’ื™ืจื” ื˜ืจื ื“ื™ืช. ื”ื™ื ื ื—ื˜ืคืช ืžื”ืงื•ืœื‘ื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ื™ืฉ ื›ื‘ืจ ื’ืจืกื” ื ื•ืกืคืช ืœืžืชืงื“ืžื•ืช

ื›ืคื›ืคื™ ื”ืืฆื‘ืข ืœื ื ืจื’ืขื™ื, ืขืงื‘ื™ ื”ื•ื•ื“ื’' ืœื ืžืฉื—ืจืจื™ื, ื•ื”ืฉื™ื“ื•ืš ื”ืžืชื‘ืงืฉ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื ืžื™ื™ืฆืจ, ืื•ื‘ื™ื™ืกืœื™, ืืช ื”ื ืขืœื™ื™ื ื”ืื•ืœื˜ืจื”-ื˜ืจื ื“ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ื ื”. ืžืžื•ืชื’ื™ ืขืœ ื•ืขื“ ื”ืจืฉืชื•ืช ื”ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช, ื”ื”ื™ืฆืข ืจื—ื‘ ื›ืžืขื˜ ื›ืžื• ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉ, ื•ื”ืœื•ืง ื”ืงื™ืฆื™ ื”ืžื•ืฉืœื ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืžืจื—ืง ืกื ื˜ื™ืžื˜ืจื™ื ื‘ื•ื“ื“ื™ื

ื›ืจื’ืข ืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ืงื•ืฉื™ ืžืกื•ื’ืœื•ืช ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ื”ืคืจื™ื˜ ื”ืื”ื•ื‘ ื•ื”ื ืืžืŸ ื‘ื™ื•ืจืช ื‘ืืจื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ื•, ืื‘ืœ ืžืžืฉ ื‘ืงืจื•ื‘ ื”ื•ื ื›ื‘ืจ ื™ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœืชื‘ื•ืข ืืช ืชืฉื•ืžืช ืœื‘ื ื• - ื•ื›ืฉื ืจืฆื” ืœืœื‘ื•ืฉ ื’'ื™ื ืก, ื›ื ืจืื” ื ืจืฆื” ืœืœื‘ื•ืฉ ื’'ื™ื ืก ื‘ื’ื•ื•ื ื™ ืื“ืžื” ืฉืœ ื—ื•ื, ื—ื•ืœ ื•ื—ืืงื™. ื›ื‘ืจ ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืืฉืจ ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื–ืœื™ื’ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื•ื•ื ื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืืœ ื”ืคื™ื“, ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉืœื ืžืฉืืจ ืกืคืง ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ื“ื•ืžื™ื ื ื˜ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืชื”ื•ื•ื” ืฉืœื”ืŸ. ื–ื” ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื”ืจื’ืข ืœื”ืงื“ื™ื ืืช ื”ื˜ืจื ื“

ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื”ืžืจืื” ืขืžื•ืก ื”ื’ื“ื™ืœื™ื ื’ืจื ืœืคืืฉื ื™ืกื˜ื•ืช ืœื”ืชืื”ื‘ ืงืฉื•ืช, ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืžื’ื™ืขื” ื”ื’ืจืกื” ื”ืขื“ื™ื ื” ื•ื”ืžื–ื•ืงืงืช ืฉืœื• - ื•ื”ื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื™ืคื”. ืชื™ืงื™ื ืžืขื•ื˜ืจื™ ื’ื“ื™ืœ ื‘ื•ื“ื“ ื ื•ืฆืฆื™ื ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืขืœ ื–ืจื•ืขื•ืชื™ื”ืŸ ืฉืœ ืžื‘ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ, ื•ื‘ื ื•ืช ื”ืžื–ืœ ืฉื”ืกืคื™ืงื• ืœืจื›ื•ืฉ ืืช ื”ื’ืจืกื” ื”ื•ื•ื™ืจืืœื™ืช ืฉืœ ื–ืืจื”. ืื‘ืœ ืœืžื•ืชื’ื™ื ื”ืงื˜ื ื™ื ื™ืฉ ืคืจืฉื ื•ื™ื•ืช ืืคื™ืœื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื•ืฆืœื—ื•ืช

ื›ืฉื”ื—ื•ื ืœื ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืชืคืจืข ืขื ืฉื›ื‘ื•ืช, ื”ืื‘ื™ื–ืจื™ื ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืืช ืžืจื›ื– ื”ื‘ืžื” - ื•ื—ื’ื•ืจืช ื”ืžื“ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืžืกืชืžื ืช ื›ื›ื•ื›ื‘ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื” ืฉืœ ื”ืงื™ืฅ. ืขื ืื‘ื–ื ืžื˜ืืœื™ ื’ื“ื•ืœ, ืขื’ื•ืœ ืื• ืื•ื‘ืœื™, ื”ื™ื ืžืฉื“ืจื’ืช ื’ื ืืช ื”ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ื™ื ื”ืคืฉื•ื˜ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ืžื•ืกื™ืคื” ืœื”ื ื˜ืืฅ' ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ ื•ืžืœื ืกื˜ื™ื™ืœ

ืžื‘ืชื™ ื”ืื•ืคื ื” ื•ืขื“ ื”ืจืฉืชื•ืช, ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ืžืชืžืงื“ืช ื”ืขื•ื ื” ื‘ืคืจื— ืื—ื“ ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“: ื”ื”ื™ื‘ื™ืกืงื•ืก, ื‘ืขืœ ื”ืฆื•ืจื” ื”ืคื™ืกื•ืœื™ืช ื•ื”ืฆื‘ืขื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืชืคืจืฆืช. ื–ืืช ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื–ืจื™ืงืช ื”ืื•ืคื˜ื™ืžื™ื•ืช ืฉื”ืžืœืชื—ื” ืฉืœื ื• ื–ืงื•ืงื” ืœื”

ื›ื‘ืจ ื“ื™ื‘ืจื ื• ื›ืืŸ ืœื ืžืขื˜ ืขืœ ืฉืื ืœ ืฉืœ ืžืชื™ื• ื‘ืœื™ื™ื–ื™, ื•ื‘ืคืจื˜ ืขืœ ื˜ื™ืจื•ืฃ ื”ื ืขืœื™ื™ื ืฉื ื•ืฆืจ ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืื•ืคื ื” ื”ืžืชืจืขื ืŸ - ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื’ืžื™ื ื”ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ื•ื”ืžืคืชื™ืขื™ื, ืžืกืชืžื ืช ืื•ื‘ืกืกื™ื” ื”ื•ืœื›ืช ื•ื’ื•ื‘ืจืช ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืืœ ื”ืงืœืืกื™ืงื” ื”ืžื•ื‘ื”ืงืช ืฉืœ ื ืขืœื™ ื”ื‘ืœืจื™ื ื”. ืžื” ื”ื•ืคืš ืื•ืชืŸ ืœื›ืœ ื›ืš ืžื‘ื•ืงืฉื•ืช?

ืื—ืจื™ ืกื ื“ืœื™ ื”ื’'ืœื™, ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืื•ืคื ื” ืงืœื•ืื” ื—ื•ื–ืจ ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื—ื•ืžืจื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ืœื“ื•ืชื™ืช โ€“ ื•ื”ืคืขื ื‘ื’ืจืกืช ื ืขืœื™ ืขืงื‘. ื”ืŸ ื”ืคื›ื• ืœื‘ืกื˜-ืกืœืจ ืžื™ื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ื”ืžืจืื” ื”ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ ื•ื”ื•ื•ืจืกื˜ื™ืœื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ืŸ, ื•ืžืื– ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœืคืกืคืก ืื•ืชืŸ ื‘ืคื™ื“. ืœืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื™ืฉ ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืœ-2,000 ืฉืงืœ?

ื™ืฉ ื˜ืจื ื“ื™ื ืฉืขื•ืฉื™ื ื”ืžื•ืŸ ืจืขืฉ, ื•ื™ืฉ ื›ืืœื” ืฉืžืชื’ื ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืฉืงื˜ ื•ื”ื•ืคื›ื™ื ืœื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ืžื™ ืฉื‘ืืžืช ื—ื™ ืื•ืคื ื”. ื”ืกื ื™ืงืจืก ืฉืœ ื“ืจื™ืก ื•ืืŸ ื ื•ื˜ืŸ ืฉื™ื™ื›ื•ืช ืœืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื” ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื”: ืžื™ื ื™ืžืœื™ืกื˜ื™ื•ืช, ืžืชื•ื—ื›ืžื•ืช ื•ืžืœืื•ืช ืื•ืคื™, ื‘ืœื™ ืœื•ื’ื• ืฉืฆื•ืขืง ืœืžืจื—ืงื™ื โ€“ ืื‘ืœ ืขื ืžืœื ืกื˜ื™ื™ืœ

ื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ืกืจื“ื™ื ื™ื ื”ื•ื•ื™ืจืืœื™ ืžื”ืงื™ืฅ ืฉืขื‘ืจ ืžืงื‘ืœ ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืชื’ื‘ื•ืจ, ื•ืžื•ืกื™ืฃ ื ื’ื™ืขื” ืžืฉื—ืงื™ืช ืœืžืœืชื—ื”. ื”ืขื•ื ื” ืืคืฉืจ ืœืžืฆื•ื ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืžืคืชื™ืข ืฉืœ ืชื™ืงื™ื ื‘ืฆื•ืจืช ื“ื’ื™ื - ื›ืŸ ื›ืŸ - ื‘ื›ืœ ืฆื‘ืข, ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื•ืช ื•ื’ื•ื“ืœ ืืคืฉืจื™. ืชื ื• ืœืคืืฉื ื™ืกื˜ื•ืช ืฉืฉื•ื—ื•ืช ื‘ื—ื•ืžืจ ืœื”ื“ื’ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื’ืžื”