ืจืืฉื™ ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื”ืื™ื˜ ื’ื™ืจืœืก

ื‘ืช ืฉื—ืจ ื ื™ืกืŸ (ื‘ื‘ืฉ, ืื ืชืจืฆื•), ืœื ืจืง ืžืฆืœืžืช ืื•ืคื ื” โ€“ ื”ื™ื ืžืชืœื‘ืฉืช ื›ืื™ืœื• ื›ืœ ื™ืฆื™ืื” ืžื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื™ื ืื“ื™ื˜ื•ืจื™ืืœ ื‘ืคื ื™ ืขืฆืžื•. ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ื™ื ืจื•ืžื ื˜ื™ื™ื, ื•ื™ื ื˜ื’' ืžื“ื•ื™ืง ื•ืืงืกืกื•ืจื™ื– ืฉืขื•ืฉื™ื ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ โ€“ ื›ืœ ืืœื” ื”ื•ืคื›ื™ื ืื•ืชื” ืœืžื•ื–ืช ืกื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืฉืืกื•ืจ ืœืคืกืคืก

ืื—ืจื™ ืฉืื‘ื™ื” ืกื™ืคืง ืจื’ืข ื•ื™ืจืืœื™ ืžืจื’ืฉ ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“, ืžื’ื™ืข ืชื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ืื™ื“ื” ืกื•ืœื‘ืืงืŸ. ื™ืฉ ืœื” ื™ื•ืคื™ ืžืกื ื•ื•ืจ, ืื˜ื™ื˜ื™ื•ื“ ืžื—ืจืคืŸ ืฉืœ "ืงืžืชื™ ื›ื›ื” ื‘ื‘ื•ืงืจ" ื•ืกื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืกืงื ื“ื™ื ื‘ื™ ืฉื ืข ื‘ื™ืŸ ืงื–'ื•ืืœื™ ืœืœื•ื”ื˜. ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืœืžื” ื›ืœ ื”ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ืขืœื™ื” ืขื›ืฉื™ื•

ืžื™ ืฉืžืขืกื™ืงื” ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ืืœื” ืืช ืžื“ื•ืจื™ ื”ืจื›ื™ืœื•ืช ื•ื”ืื•ืคื ื” ื”ื™ื ื”ืฉื—ืงื ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจื“ื™ื™ื” ืืกืชืจ ืืงืกืคื•ืกื™ื˜ื•. ื›ื•ื›ื‘ืช ื”ืกื“ืจื” "ืืœื™ื˜ื”" ืจื’ื™ืœื” ืœืžืฉื•ืš ืชืฉื•ืžืช ืœื‘, ืงืžืคื™ื™ื ื™ื ื•ืฉื˜ื™ื—ื™ื ืื“ื•ืžื™ื ื•ืžืžืฉ ืœื ืžืชืคืงื“ืช ืจืง ืขืœ ืชืงืŸ "ื‘ืช ื”ื–ื•ื’ ืฉืœ". ืืžื‘ืคื” ืื•ืœื™ ืžื—ื–ื™ืง ื‘ืœื ืžืขื˜ ื’ื‘ื™ืขื™ ื›ื“ื•ืจื’ืœ, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืžื’ืจืฉ ื”ืื•ืคื ืชื™, ืืงืกืคื•ืกื™ื˜ื• ื”ื™ื ืœื’ืžืจื™ ื”-ื›ื•ื›ื‘ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืจื’ืข

ื”ื“ื•ื’ืžื ื™ืช ืกื™ื ื“ื™ ืฆ'ืื“ื™ ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื” ืœืฉืœื‘ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืงืจื™ื™ืจื” ื•ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ืœืืžื•ื ื”, ื’ื ื›ืฉื”ืื™ื–ื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื ืœื ืชืžื™ื“ ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืžืืœื™ื•. ื‘ืคื•ืกื˜ ื—ื“ืฉ ืกื™ืคืจื” ื›ื™ ื›ื‘ืจ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืฉื ื™ื ื”ื™ื ืžืงืคื™ื“ื” ืขืœ ื™ื•ื ืฆื ื™ืขื•ืช ืฉื‘ื•ืขื™, ื•ื”ืฆื™ื’ื” ืืช ื”ืœื•ืง ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ื‘ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื”: ืฉืžืœืช ืžืจืžื™ื™ื“ ื•ืจื•ื“ื” ืขื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืกื˜ ืืœื’ื ื˜ื™

ืืช ื“ื ื” ืฉื ื˜ื•ื‘ ื”ื›ืจื ื• ื‘ืขืœ ื›ื•ืจื—ื” ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ ื‘ืื•ืงื˜ื•ื‘ืจ, ื›ืื—ื•ืชื• ื”ืื•ื”ื‘ืช ืฉืœ ืขื•ืžืจ ืฉื ื˜ื•ื‘ ืฉื ื—ื˜ืฃ ืœืขื–ื”. ืžืื– ืฉื—ืจื•ืจื•, ื•ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืจืฉื™ื ื•ืžืชืขืฆื, ื“ื ื” ืžืฆืœื™ื—ื” ืœืกืœื•ืœ ืœืขืฆืžื” ื’ื ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืื•ืคื ืชื™, ืื™ืฉื™ ื•ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ ื‘ืจืฉืชื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื•ืช, ืฉื ื”ื™ื ื”ื•ืœื›ืช ื•ืžืชื‘ืกืกืช ื›ืคืฉื ื™ืกื˜ื” ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ื•ื›ื‘ืขืœืช ืžื•ืชื’ ืœื‘ื’ื“ื™ ื™ื. ืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ืงืจืืฉ

ื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ื”ืื•ืจื—ื•ืช ืฉื ื—ืชื• ื‘ืžื™ืงื•ื ื•ืก ืœื—ื’ื™ื’ื•ืช ื”ื—ืชื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ื ื•ื™ ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืœ, ืœื™ื” ื ื’ื” ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื” ืœื‘ืœื•ื˜ ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“. ืขื ืžื–ื•ื•ื“ื” ืžื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ื•ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ื™ื ืžื“ื•ื™ืงื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืคืจื™ื˜ื™ ืจื™ื–ื•ืจื˜, ืขืจื‘ ื•ืงื–'ื•ืืœ, ื”ื™ื ืกื™ืคืงื” ืจืฆืฃ ืœื•ืงื™ื ืฉืœื ืคืกืคืก ืœืจื’ืข โ€“ ื›ื•ืœืœ ืกื ื“ืœื™ ื—ืจื™ืฉื” ืฉืชืžื™ื“ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ื‘ื”ื™ืฉื’ ื™ื“

ื”ืฉื—ืงื ื™ืช ื‘ืช ื”-47 ืžืงื“ืžืช ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ืืœื” ืืช ื˜ืจื™ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื™ื ืฉื›ืชื‘ื” ื•ื‘ื™ื™ืžื”, ื•ื‘ื”ื ื”ื™ื ื’ื ืžื›ื›ื‘ืช ืœืฆื“ ื”ืงื•ืœื’ื” ืžื™ืžื™ "ื“ื•ืกื•ืŸ ืงืจื™ืง" ื’'ื•ืฉื•ืข ื’'ืงืกื•ืŸ. ืžืกืข ื”ืงื™ื“ื•ื ื”ื–ื” ืžื‘ืจืš ืืช ื›ื•ืœื ื• ื‘ืจืฆืฃ ืœื•ืงื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืœื›ืช ื”ืกื˜ื™ื™ืœ, ืฉื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื ืจืื™ืช ื”ื›ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ื’'ื™ื ืก, ื˜ื™ืฉืจื˜ ื•ืงืืจื” ืžื•ืฉืœื

ืขื™ื ื‘ ื‘ื•ื‘ืœื™ืœ ื”ื’ื™ืขื” ืœืื™ืจื•ืข ื‘ืžืจืื” ืžืœื ื‘ืœื™ื ื’, ื‘ืžืจื›ื–ื• ื—ืฆืื™ืช ืคื™ืกื•ืœื™ืช ืฉื”ืขืœืชื” ืฉืืœื•ืช ื‘ืงืจื‘ ื”ืขื•ืงื‘ื•ืช. ื”ืžืฉืคื™ืขื ื™ืช ื”ืขื™ื“ื” ื›ื™ ืื›ืŸ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืคืจื™ื˜ ืฉื“ื•ืจืฉ ื•ื™ืชื•ืจื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืœื ื‘ืขื™ื” ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ืืชื’ืจื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ืฆื™ื‘

ื’ืœ ืžืœื›ื” ื”ื’ื™ืขื” ืœืื™ืจื•ืข ื”ื ื•ืฆืฅ ื‘ืฉืžืœื” ืœื‘ื ื”, ืฆืžื•ื“ื” ื•ื™ืคื” ืฉืœ ืกื˜ื•ื“ื™ื• ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื•ืœื ืฉื›ื—ื” ืœืชืช ืœืชื›ืฉื™ื˜ื™ ื”ื™ื”ืœื•ืžื™ื ืืช ื”ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ืจืื•ื™. ื”ื™ื ื’ื ืืจื–ื” ืœื ืกื™ืขื” ืฉืžืœื” ืื“ื•ืžื” ื—ื•ืฉืคืช ื›ืชืคื™ื™ื ืฉืกื™ืคืงื” ืืช ืžื ืช ื”ื“ืจืžื” ื”ื“ืจื•ืฉื” โ€“ ื•ื’ืจืžื” ืœื” ืœื”ื™ืจืื•ืช ื›ืžื• ื—ืœื•ื

ื“ืืจื”, ื ืฆื™ื’ืช ื‘ื•ืœื’ืจื™ื” ื‘ืช ื”-27, ืฉื‘ืชื” ืืช ืœื™ื‘ื ื• ืืชืžื•ืœ. ื’ื™ืœื™ื ื• ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืื™ื™ืงื•ืŸ ืื•ืคื ื” ืžื˜ื•ืจืฃ ืขื ืกื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืฆื‘ืขื•ื ื™ ื•ืืงืœืงื˜ื™ ื•ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื›ืœืœื™ ื”ื™ื ืœื’ืžืจื™ ืžื‘ื™ืื” ืื™ืชื” ืฉืžื—ืช ื—ื™ื™ื. ืื‘ืœ ืขื ื›ืœ ื”ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืœื ื•ืฆื•ืช ื•ืœืžื—ื•ื›ื™ื - ืื™ืŸ ืกืคืง ืฉื’ื ื‘ื’ื–ืจืช ื”ืกื˜ื™ื™ืœ ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืžื ืฆื— ืื—ื“ ื•ื”ื•ื ื ื•ืขื ื‘ืชืŸ

ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื ืžื•ื›ื™ื—ื™ื ืฉื”ื ืžื•ืฉื‘ื ื™ืงื™ื ื‘ื ืฉืžื”, ื‘ืกืฉืŸ ืฆื™ืœื•ืžื™ื ืขืœ ืจืงืข ืฉื“ื•ืช ื•ื›ืจืžื™ื. ื”ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื ืฉื”ื ืœื•ื‘ืฉื™ื ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืžืจืฉืช ืื•ืคื ื” ืื”ื•ื‘ื” ื•ื ื’ื™ืฉื”, ื•ืžืกืคืงื™ื ืืช ื”ื‘ื•ืกื˜ ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืชื ื™ืข ืืช ืžืœืชื—ืช ื”ืื‘ื™ื‘

ื”ืžื•ื–ื™ืงืื™ืช ื”ืฆืขื™ืจื” ื—ื’ื’ื” ื—ืžืฉ ืฉื ื•ืช ื–ื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืขื ื‘ืจ ื‘ืจื™ืžืจ ื‘ื—ื•ืคืฉื” ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช. ืจื’ืข ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื”ืงื™ืฅ ื ืคืชื— ืจืฉืžื™ืช ื”ื™ื ืืจื–ื” ืื™ืชื” ื‘ื’ื“ื™ ื™ื, ืกื•ื•ื“ืจ ืœืขืจื‘ื™ื ื”ืงืจื™ืจื™ื ื•ืฉืžืœื” ืžืชื•ืงื” ืืš ืจื•ืชื—ืช ืฉืœ ืžื•ืชื’ ื™ืฉืจืืœื™. ืฆืขื“ ืื—ื“ ืœืคื ื™ ื›ื•ืœื

ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืชื—ืžืง ืžื”ืฉื ืฉืœื”, ื•ื’ื ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื ืกื™ื‘ื”. ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ื”ื™ื ืœื•ื‘ืฉืช ื’'ื™ื ืก ื•ืกื•ื•ื“ืจ ืื• ืฉืžืœืช ืขืจื‘ ื ื•ืฆืฆืช ื•ืฉืงื•ืคื” โ€“ ื”ืฉื—ืงื ื™ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื” ืชืžื™ื“ ืžืฆืœื™ื—ื” ืœื”ืชื‘ืœื˜ ืžืขืœ ื›ื•ืœื, ื•ืœื”ื™ืจืื•ืช ื›ืื™ืœื• ื–ื” ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื ื‘ื›ื•ื•ื ื”

ื‘ื›ืœ ืคืขื ืฉื™ืื ื™ืง ืกื™ื ืจ ืขื•ืœื” ืœืžื’ืจืฉ ื”ื˜ื ื™ืก, ื”ืžืฆืœืžื” ืžืชืžืงื“ืช ื‘ื—ื‘ืจืชื• - ื”ื“ื•ื’ืžื ื™ืช ื”ื“ื ื™ืช ืœื™ื™ืœื” ื—ืกื ื•ื‘ื™ืฅ', ืฉืžืขื•ื“ื“ืช ืื•ืชื• ืžื”ืงื”ืœ. ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืœืžื” ื”ืขื•ืœื ืžืื•ื”ื‘ ื‘ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ืื”ื‘ื” ืฉืœื”ื, ืฉืžืœื•ื•ื” ื‘ืœื•ืงื™ื ืคื•ื˜ื•ื’ื ื™ื™ื ื•ืกื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืžื˜ื•ืจืฃ

ืฉืžืœืช ืชื—ืจื” ืฉืงื•ืคื”, ื‘ื™ืงื™ื ื™ ื‘ืฆื‘ืข ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ, ืกื˜ ืžืชื•ืง ืืš ืจื•ืชื— ืฉืœ ืžื•ืชื’ ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ ื•ื”ืจื‘ื” ื ื’ื™ืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ื•ื•ื™ืœื“-ื•ื•ื™ืœื“-ื•ื•ืกื˜ ื•ื‘ื•ื”ื•. ื”ืื™ื˜-ื’ื™ืจืœืก ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ื•ืช ื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืœืงื•ืืฆ'ืœื”, ื•ื”ืฆื˜ื™ื™ื“ื• ื‘ืžืœืชื—ื” ื”ืžื•ืฉืœืžืช ืœืื™ืจื•ืข