ืจืืฉื™ ืขื•ื“ ื‘-FFื—ืชื•ื ื•ืช

ืชืฉืข ืฉื ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื”ื›ื™ืจื•, ื ื•ืื” ื•ืœื•ืจืŸ ื ื™ืฉืื• ื‘ืื—ื•ื–ื” ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ืช ื‘ืื™ืจืœื ื“. ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืื™ื–ื•ืŸ ืžื•ืฉืœื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ื“ืฉ ืœื™ืฉืŸ ืขื ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ืžืœื ื‘ืคืจื˜ื™ื, ืฉืœืœ ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื ื•ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื ื™ืคื”ืคื™ื™ื ืฉืžืฉืœื‘ื™ื ื‘ื”ืจืžื•ื ื™ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื•ื™ื ื˜ื’' ืœืชืคื™ืจืช ืงื•ื˜ื•ืจ ืื™ืฉื™ืช. ื›ื›ื” ื ืจืื” ื—ืœื•ื

ืื™ืš ื‘ื•ื—ืจื™ื ื‘ืฉืžืœืช ื›ืœื” ื›ืฉื’ื ื‘ื™ื•ื ืจื’ื™ืœ ื”ืืื•ื˜ืคื™ื˜ื™ื ืฉืœืš ื ื•ืขื“ื• ืœืชืช ืฉื•ืื•? ืœื™ืจื•ืŸ ื›ืจืงื•ืงืœื™ ืžืฆืื” ืืช ื”ื ื•ืกื—ื” ืขื ืฉืชื™ ืฉืžืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ืกื˜ื•ื“ื™ื• ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืฉื ืขื• ื‘ื™ืŸ ืจื•ืžื ื˜ื™ืงื” ืœืคืืŸ, ื›ืฉืคื ื™ื ื™ื ืงื•ืฉืจื•ืช ื™ื—ื“ ื”ื›ืœ ืœืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืžื”ื•ื“ืง. ืื—ื•ืชื”, ื˜ืœื™, ื”ืœื›ื” ื‘ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืื—ืจ ืœื’ืžืจื™ ืขื ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ื•ืจื•ื“ื”, ืฉืงื•ืคื” ื•ืจื•ืชื—ืช

ืฉืžืœืช ืื•ืจื’ื ื–ื” ืฉืขื˜ืคื” ืืช ื”ื’ื•ืฃ, ืคื™ืก ืจื•ืžื ื˜ื™ ืžื‘ื™ืช ืื•ืกืงืจ ื“ื” ืœื” ืจื ื˜ื”, ืกื˜ืจืคืœืก ืจืงื•ื ื‘ืืœืคื™ ื—ืจื•ื–ื™ื ืขื“ื™ื ื™ื ื•ืฉืžืœืช ืžื™ื ื™ ืžื ืฆื ืฆืช ืขื ื ืขืœื™ื™ื ืฉืžืชืื™ืžื•ืช ื‘ื•ืœ ืœืจื™ืงื•ื“ื™ื. ืืœื” ื›ืœ ื”ืœื•ืงื™ื ืžื”ื—ืชื•ื ื” ื”ื ื•ืฆืฆืช

ื™ื•ืฆืืช ื”ืจื™ืืœื™ื˜ื™ ื ื™ืฉืื” ืœืชื•ื ื—ื™ื™ืžื•ื‘, ื•ื‘ื—ืจื” ื‘ืฉื ื™ ืœื•ืงื™ื ืืœื’ื ื˜ื™ื™ื ื•ืจื•ืžื ื˜ื™ื™ื. ื”ืฉืžืœื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื‘ืขืœืช ื—ืฆืื™ืช ืžืจืฉื™ืžื” ื•ืฉืจื•ื•ืœื™ื ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ื™ื, ื•ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ืื•ื•ืจื™ืจื™ืช ื•ืขื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ื’ื–ืจื” ืฉืขื•ืฉื” ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืœื’ื•ืฃ ื”ื ืฉื™. ืจืง ื‘ืฉืžื—ื•ืช

ืื—ืจื™ ืขืฉืจื™ื ืกืงื™ืฆื•ืช ื•-600 ืฉืขื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”, ื‘ืœื•ืื™ ื•ื™ื˜ื•ืŸ ื™ืฆืจื• ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืคื™ื‘ื™ ื“ื™ื ื‘ื•ืจ ืืช ืฉืžืœืช ื”ื—ืœื•ืžื•ืช, ืขื ื’ื–ืจืช ืกื˜ืจืคืœืก ื ืงื™ื™ื”, ืจืงืžืช ืชื—ืจื” ื™ื“ื ื™ืช, ืฆืขื™ืฃ ื ืฉืคืš ื•ื”ื™ื ื•ืžืช ืžืฉื™ ื“ืจืžื˜ื™ืช. ื“ื•ื›ืก ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืฉื, ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ื ืจืืชื” ื›ืžื• ื ืกื™ื›ื”

ืจื•ืชื ืจื‘ื™ื‘ื• ื”ืชื—ืชื ื” ืืžืฉ ื‘ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืฉืžืœื•ืช ื›ืœื” ืžืขืœืคื•ืช. ืจืฉื™ืžืช ื”ืื•ืจื—ื™ื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืžื˜ื•ืจืคืช ื•ื›ืœืœื” ืืช ื”ื‘ืกื˜ื™ ืขืžื™ืช ื—ืŸ, ื‘ืฉืžืœื” ื‘ื”ื™ืจื” ื•ืžื ืฆื ืฆืช ื‘ื’ื–ืจืช ืกื˜ืจืคืœืก. ื—ืŸ ื“ืื’ื” ืœื”ื‘ื”ื™ืจ ืฉื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืžืœื” ืฉืœื” ื ืขืฉืชื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืจื•ืชื ื‘ืขืฆืžื”, ื•ืกืชืžื” ืืช ืคื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื‘ืงืจื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืฆื‘ืข ื”ื‘ื”ื™ืจ. ืื•ืจ ืœื• ืœื‘ืฉื” ืฉืžืœืช ืžืฉื’ืขืช ื•ืžืื™ื” ืงื™ื™ ื“ืื’ื” ืฉื›ื•ืœื ื™ืกืชื›ืœื• ืœื” ืขืœ ื”ื’ื‘

ืื—ืจื™ ืกื™ื•ืจ ื•ื™ื ื˜ื’', ืคื•ืœื™ ืชื•ืžืืก โ€“ ื”ืžืขืฆื‘ืช ื”ืจืืฉื™ืช ืฉืœ ืงื•ืœืงืฆื™ื•ืช ื”ืจื“ื™-ื˜ื•-ื•ื•ืจ ื‘ื’ืื ื™, ืขื™ืฆื‘ื” ืฉืžืœืช ืžื—ื•ืš ืขื ื—ืฆืื™ืช ื‘ื•ืขื” ืคื™ืกื•ืœื™ืช, ืืœืชืจื” ื‘ืจื’ืข ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื•ืžืช ืชื—ืจื” ืžืฉืืจื™ื•ืช ื‘ื“ื™ื ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืื•ืคื ื”, ื•ืœืžืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉืœืคื” ื’ื–ืจื” ืžื”ืืจื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ืคื›ื” ืื•ืชื” ืœืžื™ื ื™. ืืœ ืชื“ืื’ื• ืœืฉื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื•ืช, ื’ื ืœื”ืŸ ื”ื™ื ืคืจื’ื ื”

ืื—ืจื™ ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืฉืœ ื˜ื™ื–ื™ื ื’, ืžืฉืคื™ืขื ื™ืช ื”ืขืœ ื•ื™ืงื™ ืžื•ื ื˜ืื ืจื™ ืกื•ืฃ ืกื•ืฃ ืืžืจื” "ืื™ื™ ื“ื•" โ€“ ื•ื›ืฆืคื•ื™, ื”ืคื›ื” ืืช ื”ื—ืชื•ื ื” ืœืžืคื’ืŸ ืื•ืคื ื” ืฆื‘ืขื•ื ื™, ืื™ืฉื™ ื•ืžื“ื•ื™ืง ืœื”ืคืœื™ื. ืืช ื”ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืกื˜ ื”ืžืจื’ืฉ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ื™ื ืฉืžืจื” ืœืจื—ื‘ืช ื”ืจื™ืงื•ื“ื™ื, ืขื ืชืกืคื•ืจืช ืžืคืชื™ืขื” ืฉื ืขืฉืชื” ืœืžืขืŸ ืžื˜ืจื” ืฉืงืจื•ื‘ื” ืœืœื‘ื”

ื”ื“ืจ ืœื‘ื™ื ื”ืชื—ืชื ื” ืขื ืื•ื”ื“ื™ ืฉืœื” ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข ืขื ืฉืชื™ ืฉืžืœื•ืช ื›ืœื” ืฉื”ืŸ ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ื™ื. ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื”ื™ื™ืช ืฉืžืœืช ืกืœื™ืค ืžืกืื˜ืŸ ื‘ื’ื–ืจืช ืงื•ืœืจ ืขื ืฉื•ื‘ืœ ืืจื•ืš ื•ืื™ืœื• ื”ืฉืžืœื” ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ื•ื”ืžืคืชื™ืขื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืžื™ื ื™ ืžืกืื˜ืŸ ืžืฉื•ืœื‘ืช ื‘ืชื—ืจื” ืขื“ื™ื ื”, ื•ื™ื™ื‘ ื‘ืœืชื™ ืžืชืืžืฅ ืฉืœ ื›ื•ืชื ืช ื•ื™ื ื˜ืื’' ืžืฉื•ื“ืจื’ืช. ืœืฆื“ ื”ื›ืœื” ื‘ืœื˜ื• ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื”ื‘ื™ืกื˜ื™ื•ืช ื”ืคืืฉื ื™ืกื˜ื™ื•ืช ืฉื‘ืื• ืœื”ืจื™ื ื•ืขืฉื• ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ืกื˜ื™ื™ืœ

ืขื ื’ื™ืฉื” ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ืช ืœื‘ืชื™ ื”ืื•ืคื ื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื, ืกืฉื” ืื“ื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืœื›ืช ื”ื›ื™ ืจื—ื•ืง ืฉื™ืฉ โ€“ ืื‘ืœ ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืœื” ื”ื™ื ื‘ื—ืจื” ื‘ืืœื’ื ื˜ื™ื•ืช ืงืœืืกื™ืช ื•ืขืœ-ื–ืžื ื™ืช. ืื—ืจื™ ืœื•ืง ืจื•ืžื ื˜ื™ ื•ืคืจื—ื•ื ื™ ืžืชื—ืช ืœื—ื•ืคื” ื”ื™ื ืขื‘ืจื” ืœืฉืžืœืช ืžื™ื ื™ ืžืคื•ืกืœืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžืขืฆื‘ืช ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช ืœื™ื– ืžืจื˜ื™ื ื–, ื•ืฉืžืจื” ืขืœ ื”ืงื• ื”ื ืงื™ ื’ื ื‘ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ื”ืฉื™ืขืจ, ื”ืื™ืคื•ืจ ื•ื”ืืงืกืกื•ืจื™ื–

ืื ื”ื—ืชืŸ ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื” ืœื”ืคืชื™ืข ืื•ืชื ื• ื‘ืฉืžืœื” ื‘ื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืฆื”ื•ื‘ ืขื–, ืื•ืชื” ืฉื™ื“ื›ื” ืœืขืงื‘ื™ื ื•ืชื›ืฉื™ื˜ื™ ืกื˜ื™ื™ื˜ืžื ื˜ ืฆื‘ืขื•ื ื™ื™ื. ืขืœ ื”ืื™ืคื•ืจ ื•ื”ืฉื™ืขืจ ื”ืžื•ืฆืœื—ื™ื ืื—ืจืื™ ืฆื•ื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœื™, ื•ื”ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžื—ืžื™ืื” ื•ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ืฉื›ื—ืช

ืคืกื˜ื™ื‘ืœ ื”ื—ืชื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ืขื•ืžืจ ืื“ื ื•ืกืฉื” ื™ืฉืจืืœื•ื‘ื™ืฅ' ื‘ืคื•ืจื˜ื•ืคื™ื ื• ื”ื•ืœืš ื•ืžืชื—ืžื, ื•ืื™ืชื• ื’ื ื”ืžืœืชื—ื” ื”ืžืกืงืจื ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื›ืœื”. ืžื˜ืงืก ืžืฉืคื—ืชื™ ืื™ื ื˜ื™ืžื™ ื‘ืฉืžืœื” ืจื•ืžื ื˜ื™ืช ื•ื ืขืœื™ื™ื ืžืคืชื™ืขื•ืช, ื“ืจืš ืฉืžืœืช ืงื•ืœืจ ื ืฉืคื›ืช ื•ืขื“ ืœืžื™ื ื™ ืขืžื•ืกืช ืคื ื™ื ื™ื ื•ืงื•ืจืœื™ื ืฉืœ ื•ืœื ื˜ื™ื ื•, ืกืฉื” ืžืกืคืงืช ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืืช ืžื ืช ื”ื’ืœืื ืฉืฆื™ืคื™ื ื• ืœื” - ื•ื–ื” ืจืง ื”ื—ื™ืžื•ื

ื›ื•ื›ื‘ ื”ืื™ื’ืจื•ืฃ ื”ืชืื™ืœื ื“ื™, ืฉื”ืคืš ืœืฉื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ (ืœื™ื˜ืจืœื™) ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื”, ื”ืชื—ืชืŸ ืืžืฉ (ื') ืขื ื‘ืช ื–ื•ื’ื• ื‘ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช, ืื•ืจืŸ ืœื•ื™. ื”ื—ืชืŸ ื•ื›ืœื”, ืฉื ื™ื”ื ื‘ื ื™ ืขืฉืจื™ื, ืฉื‘ืจื• ืืช ื”ื›ื•ืก ืชื—ืช ื—ื•ืคื” ืฉืขื•ืฆื‘ื” ื‘ื”ืฉืจืืช ื–ื™ืจืช ืื™ื’ืจื•ืฃ, ืื‘ืœ ืฉืžืœืช ื”ื›ืœื”, ื‘ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ืื•ืจื™ื” ืขื–ืจืŸ, ืฉื™ื“ืจื” ืžืฉื”ื• ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขื“ื™ืŸ ื•ื ืกื™ื›ื•ืชื™ - ื›ื•ืœืœ ืฉื•ื‘ืœ ืžื”ืžืคื•ืืจื™ื ืฉืจืื™ื ื•

ื“ื ื” ืฉื ื˜ื•ื‘ ื”ืชื—ืชื ื” ืขื ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืœื•ืงื™ื ืžื˜ืจื™ืคื™ื. ืœื ื ืฉืงืจ ืฉื”ื™ื• ืœื ื• ืฆื™ืคื™ื•ืช ืžื”ืœื•ืงื™ื ื•ื”ื ืœื’ืžืจื™ ื”ืชืžืžืฉื•. ืฉืžืœืช ื”ื—ื•ืคื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืžื•ืคืช ืฉืœ ืืœื’ื ื˜ื™ื•ืช, ื”ืœื•ืง ื”ืฉื ื™ ื›ืœืœ ื—ื–ื™ื™ื” ืžืคื•ืกืœืช ื•ื—ืฆืื™ืช ื ื•ืฆื•ืช ืžืฉื’ืขืช ื•ื”ืœื•ืง ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ื”ื™ื” ืื•ื‘ืจื•ืœ ืžืคืชื™ืข ื•ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืžืจืขื ืŸ. ื”ืฉื•ืก ื”ื™ื” ื ืขืœื™ ื”ืฉืื ืœ ื”ื›ื” ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจื•ืช ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ืืœื•

ื—ืชื•ื ื” ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช ื‘ืื™ื‘ื™ื–ื”, ืืจื‘ืขื” ืœื•ืงื™ื ื•ื›ืœื” ืื—ืช ืฉืœื ื”ืชื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืœื”ืชืคืฉืจ: ืื™ื–ื‘ืœ ื‘ื•ืงืจื” ื—ื’ื’ื” ืืช ืื”ื‘ืชื” ืœืื™ืช'ืŸ ื‘ืฉื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ืฉืžืœื•ืช ืžืจื”ื™ื‘ื•ืช โ€“ ื›ื•ืœืœ ืื—ืช ืจืงื•ืžื” ื•ืžื”ืคื ื˜ืช ื‘ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ืžืื™ ืžืฉื™ื—