ืชืงืจืื• ืœื” ื‘ื‘ืฉ: ื”ืื™ื˜-ื’ื™ืจืœ ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช ืฉืืชื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ

ื”ื“ื•ื’ืžื ื™ืช ื•ืืฉืช ื”ืขืกืงื™ื ืžืชืžื—ื” ื‘ืฉืžื™ืจืช ื”ืื™ื–ื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ื”ืขื•ืงื‘ื™ื ืฉืœื” ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืชื”, ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืฉืžื—ื•ืช ืฉื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื” ืœื—ืฉื•ืฃ ืืช ื”ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ืžื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื” ื”ื‘ื›ื•ืจ, ืืœ-ื™ื - ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื›ื™ ื”ืœื•ืง ืฉื‘ื—ืจื” ืœืœื‘ื•ืฉ ืœืื™ืจื•ืข ื”ื•ื ืื—ื“ ื”ืžื“ื•ื™ืงื™ื ืฉืจืื™ื ื• ืžืžื ื”

ืœื ืžื–ืžืŸ ื”ื™ื ืกื™ื™ืžื” ืืช ืื—ื“ ืžืกื™ื‘ื•ื‘ื™ ื”ื”ื•ืคืขื•ืช ื”ืžืชื•ืงืฉืจื™ื ื‘ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื”, ื•ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื‘ื™ื•ื ืกื” ืžืชืคื ื” ืœื”ืฉื™ืง ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ ืฉืžืœื•ื•ื” ืื•ืชื•. ืฆืคื•ื™ ืฉื”ื™ื ืชืขืฉื” ื–ืืช ื‘ืœื•ืง ืฉืžืชื›ืชื‘ ื™ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืขื ืืกืชื˜ื™ืงืช ื”ืืœื‘ื•ื, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื• ืžืฉื”ื• ื“ื™ ื—ืจื™ื’ ืฉื”ืงืคื™ืฅ ืืช ื”ื’ื•ืœืฉื™ื ื‘ื”ืžื•ื ื™ื”ื. ื•ืื™ืš ื–ื” ืงืฉื•ืจ ืœืงื™ื ืงืจื“ืฉื™ืืŸ?

ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืกืคื’ื” ืขืœื‘ื•ื ื•ืช ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉืื™ื ื” ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืืžื” ื“ื•ื’ืžื ื™ืช ื”ืขืœ, ื•ืœื ื˜ื™ื ื” ืœื™ืžื” ื‘ืช ื”- 14 ื—ื•ื’ื’ืช ื‘ืžื” ืฉืžื›ื ื™ื ื‘ื˜ื™ืงื˜ื•ืง ืžื›ื ื™ื 'ืจื’ืข ืฉืœ ื ืงืžื”', ื•ืžื›ื›ื‘ืช ื‘ืื™ื ืกืคื•ืจ ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ื ืฉืžืจื™ืžื™ื ืœื”. "ื”ื™ื ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื™ืคื”", ื ืืžืจ ื‘ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ, ื•ืื—ืจ ืžื›ืจื™ื–: "ืงื‘ืœื• ืืช ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืœื™ืžื” ื”ื™ืคื” ื”ื‘ื"

ื”ื›ื•ื›ื‘ืช ื”ื’ื™ืขื” ืœืคืจื™ื– ื•ืฉืœืคื” ื‘ื–ื” ืื—ืจ ื–ื” ืฉื ื™ ืœื•ืงื™ื ื“ืจืžื˜ื™ื™ื ื‘ืฉื—ื•ืจ: ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื›ืœืœ ืฉืžืœืช ื‘ืœื™ื™ื–ืจ ื•ืกื ื“ืœื™ื, ื”ืฉื ื™ ืžืขื™ืœ ืคืจื•ื•ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื•ื—ื โ€“ ื•ื‘ืฉื ื™ื”ื ื”ืคืฆื™ืขื• ืœื”ื•ืคืขืช ืื•ืจื— ื’ื•ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื”ื™ืจื™ื ื•ืœื ืื•ืคื™ื™ื ื™ื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ืขืจ

ื”ืืžื ื™ืช ื•ืจื“ื” ืžื•ื ื˜ื–ืžื•ืœื• ื”ืชื—ืชื ื” ืขื ื’'ื™ืื ืคืื•ืœื• ื‘ื—ืชื•ื ื” ืื™ื˜ืœืงื™ืช ืžื”ืกืจื˜ื™ื. ื•ืจื“ื” ื‘ื—ืจื” ื‘ืฉืžืœืช ื›ืชืคื™ื•ืช ื•ืจื•ื“ื” ืขื ืขื™ื˜ื•ืจ ืคืคื™ื•ืŸ ืงื“ืžื™ ื•ืงื• ืžื•ืชืŸ ืžื–ื•ื’ื–ื’ ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืžื˜ืจื™ืคื”, ื•ืืœื™ื” ืฆื™ืจืคื” ื ืขืœื™ ืžื™ื•ืœืก ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืฉืขื‘ื“ื• ืžื•ืฉืœื. ืื™ืŸ ืžื” ืœื•ืžืจ, ื–ื• ื›ืœื” ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ืฉื›ื—ืช

ืœื ืžืขื˜ ืžืจืื•ืช ืื™ืงื•ื ื™ื™ื ืจืฉื•ืžื™ื ืขืœ ืฉืžื” ืฉืœ ื’'ื ื™ืคืจ ืœื•ืคื– ื‘ืช ื”-54, ื•ืื™ื›ืฉื”ื• ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ืจื–ื•ืžื” ื”ืขืฉื™ืจ ืฉืœื”, ื”ื™ื ื”ืคื›ื” ืžื–ื•ื”ื” ืืคื™ืœื• ืขื ืฉืžืœื•ืช ื›ืœื”. ืœื›ืŸ ืœื ืžืคืชื™ืข ืฉืื—ืช ื›ื–ืืช ืžื›ื›ื‘ืช ื‘ื˜ื™ื–ืจ ืœืืœื‘ื•ื ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœื”, ืื‘ืœ ืžืื•ื“ ืžืคืชื™ืข ืœืจืื•ืช ืื™ื–ื• ื’ืจืกื” ืžื˜ื•ืจืคืช ื”ื™ื ื‘ื—ืจื” ื”ืคืขื

ืฉืชื™ ื”ืกื•ืคืจืžื•ื“ืœืก, ืฉื”ืŸ ื’ื ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช, ื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืœืฆืคื•ืช ื‘ืžืฉื—ืง ื›ื“ื•ืจืกืœ ื•ืœื ื”ืกืชืคืงื• ื‘ื’'ื™ื ืก ื•ื˜ื™-ืฉื™ืจื˜ ื”ืžืชื‘ืงืฉื™ื. ืื™ืจื™ื ื” ืœื‘ืฉื” ืฉืžืœืช ื›ื•ืชื•ื ืช ืงื˜ื ื” ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืืžื™ืœื™ ื‘ื—ืจื” ื‘ื—ื–ื™ื™ื” ื•ืงืจื“ื™ื’ืŸ ืงื–'ื•ืืœื™ื™ื ื™ื—ืกื™ืช, ื•ืฉืชื™ื”ืŸ ืฆืขื“ื• ื‘ืžื’ืคื™ื™ื ืฉื—ื•ืจื™ื ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื. ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืฉืชื™ื™ื, ืœื’ืžืจื™

ื”ืคืจื–ื ื˜ื•ืจื™ืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœ'ื™ื•ืงืจื” ืฉืงื˜ื”', ืžื™ื™ื’ืŸ ืžืจืงืœ, ื‘ื—ืจื” ื‘ืืื•ื˜ืคื™ื˜ ืžืฉื’ืข ืœื‘ื™ืงื•ืจ ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืชื™ ื‘ืงื ื“ื”. ืžืจืงืœ ื‘ื—ืจื” ื‘ืžื›ื ืกื™ ืžืฉื™ ืœื‘ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืจืืœืฃ ืœื•ืจืŸ ื•ืกืจื™ื’ ืœื‘ืŸ ืžืขืœ ืฉื”ื›ื ื™ืกื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ืœื™ื˜ ืืช ืงื• ื”ืžื•ืชืŸ. ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื–ื” ืขื‘ื“ ืœื” ื•ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืœื•ืง ืžื•ืฉืœื ืœื—ื•ืจืฃ

ืขื“ ืœื ืžื–ืžืŸ ื”ื ื ืจืื• ืœื ื• ืžื™ื•ืฉื ื™ื ื•ืœื ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ื™ื, ื•ืคืชืื•ื ื”ื ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื‘ื ืœื ื• ืœืฆืืช ืื™ืชื• ืžื”ื‘ื™ืช. ื›ื›ื” ืขื•ื‘ื“ืช ืื•ืคื ื”, ื•ื–ื” ื›ืœ ื”ื›ื™ืฃ. ืื– ื™ืฆืื ื• ืœื—ืคืฉ ืืช ื”ืžื’ืคื•ื ื™ื ืฉืžืคื’ื™ืฉื™ื ืฆืžืจื™ืจื™ื•ืช ื—ืžื™ืžื” ืขื ืชื—ื›ื•ื ืกืงืกื™, ื•ื—ื–ืจื ื• ืขื ื›ืžื” ื•ื›ืžื” ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช

ืงืจื™ืกื˜ืŸ ืžืงืžื ืืžื™, ื”ื™ื•ื ื‘ืช 58, ื”ืชืคืจืกืžื” ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ื”ืžืจืื” ื”"ืžื•ื–ืจ" ืฉืœื” ื•ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื” ืœื“ื’ืžืŸ ืื•ืชื• ื’ื ื”ื™ื•ื. ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืžืชื‘ืจืจ, ืžื‘ืขื“ ืœื“ืคื™ ื”ื’ื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื•ื•ื’, ืฉื’ื ื‘ื ื” ื”ืžืชื‘ื’ืจ ื›ื‘ืจ ืฉื•ืจืฃ ื”ืคืงื•ืช ื•ืžืกืœื•ืœื™ื. ื•ืขื ื›ืœ ื”ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืœื ืคื•ื˜ื™ื–ื, ืœื ืงืฉื” ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืœืžื”

ื™ืฉ ืœื” ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื” ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืง ืžื—ืฉื•ืคื™ื, ื•ื”ื™ื ืžืžืฉ ืœื ืžืคื—ื“ืช ืœื”ืชื ืกื•ืช ื‘ื—ืฉื™ืคื” ืžื•ื“ืขืช ืฉืœ ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ืชืžื™ื“ ืขื•ืฉื” ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ืขื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื•ื‘ืžื™ื ื•ืŸ ื ื›ื•ืŸ. ื”ืคืขื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘'ืœื™ื˜ืœ ื‘ืœืืง ื“ืจืก' ืขื ืžื—ืฉื•ืฃ ื›ืชืคื™ื™ื ืžื“ื•ื™ืง ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ

ืžืื™ ืชื’ืจ ืžื“ื’ืžื ืช ื›ื‘ืจ ืฉื ื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืžื•ืชื’ื™ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื, ืื‘ืœ ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืงืžืคื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื—ื’ื™ื ืฉืœ ื“ื™ื•ืจ ื‘ื›ื™ื›ื•ื‘ื”, ืฉืขืœื” ื‘ืชื–ืžื•ืŸ ืงืฉื•ื— ืื—ืจื™ ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ืžืœื—ืžื”, ื”ืขืžื™ื“ ืื•ืชื” ื‘ืžืจื›ื– ืชืฉื•ืžืช ื”ืœื‘. ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ื ืืžืจื• ืฉื”ื™ื ื”ื—ืœื™ืคื” ืืช ื‘ืœื” ื—ื“ื™ื“ ื•ื”ื›ืจื™ื–ื• ืขืœ ื ื™ืฆื—ื•ืŸ, ื”ืคืจื•-ืคืœืกื˜ื™ื ื™ื™ื ื’ื™ื“ืคื• ื•ืฉืœื—ื• ื”ื•ื“ืขื•ืช ื ืืฆื”. ืชื’ืจ ืœื ืžื‘ื•ื”ืœืช, ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืžื” ื”ืชืคืงื™ื“ ืฉืœื” ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ, ืžื›ื•ื•ื ืช ื”ื›ื™ ื’ื‘ื•ื” ืฉืืคืฉืจ โ€“ ื•ืจืง ืžื‘ืงืฉืช ืฉื ืฉื ื ืงืฆืช ืคื—ื•ืช

ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืœื”ืงืช ื”ืงื™ื™-ืคื•ืค "ื‘ืœืืงืคื™ื ืง" ื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืœืืจืžื•ืŸ ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจื• ืฉืœ ื ืฉื™ื ื“ืจื•ื ืงื•ืจื™ืื” ื‘ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื”. ื’'ื ื™ ื‘ืœื˜ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ื•ืœืŸ ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ื‘ื—ื™ืจืช ื”ืืื•ื˜ืคื™ื˜ ื”ืžื•ืฆืœื—ืช ืฉืœื” โ€“ ืฉืžืœื” ืœื‘ื ื” ืขื ื›ืชืคื™ื™ื ื—ืฉื•ืคื•ืช ื•ืฉื•ื‘ืœ ืžืจืฉื™ื. "ืืœื• ื”ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืžื”ื ืขืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืื’ื“ื•ืช", ื›ืชื‘ื” ื”ืžืขืฆื‘ืช ืœื™ื”ื™ ื”ื•ื“

ื™ืขืœ ืฉืœื‘ื™ื” ื”ื’ื™ืขื” ืœื—ื ื•ืช ืžืฉืงืคื™ื™ื ืœืžื“ื•ื“ ื–ื•ื’ ืžืฉืงืคื™ื™ื ืฉื‘ืžืงืจื” ื‘ืŸ ื–ื•ื’ื”, ืขื•ืžืจ ืื“ื, ื”ื•ื ืžื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืžื•ืชื’. ื™ืขืœ ืืžื ื ื”ืชื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืฉื”ืžืฉืงืคื™ื™ื ื™ื”ื™ื• ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืคื•ืงื•ืก ืฉืœ ื”ืชืžื•ื ื”, ืื‘ืœ ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืœื”ืชืขืœื ืžืฉืืจ ื”ืคืจื™ื˜ื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื ืœื‘ืฉื”. ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืืื•ื˜ืคื™ื˜ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื•ื™ื•ืžื™ื•ืžื™, ืื‘ืœ ื›ืฉืืช ื“ื•ื’ืžื ื™ืช ืขืœ - ืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืœื ื ืจืื” ืขืœื™ืš ืคืฉื•ื˜

ืฉืžื” ืฉืœ ืœื™ื” ื ื’ื” ืขืœื” ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืœื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ืคืœื™ื ื’ ืขื ื›ื•ื›ื‘ "ื™ื•ืžื ื™ ื”ืขืจืคื“" ื ืช'ื ื™ืืœ ื‘ื•ื–ื•ืœื™ืง, ืื‘ืœ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืื™ื˜-ื’ื™ืจืœ ืžืกืงืจื ืช ื‘ืคื ื™ ืขืฆืžื”, ืขื ืกื’ื ื•ืŸ ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ ืฉื”ืงื• ื”ืžื ื—ื” ืฉืœื• ื‘ืจื•ืจ - ื”ื™ื ื’ื•ืจืžืช ืœื”ื›ืœ ืœื”ื™ืจืื•ืช ืžื’ื” ืกืงืกื™. ื‘ื™ืจืจื ื• ืžืื™ืคื” ืžื’ื™ืขื” ื”ื”ืฉืจืื” ื”ืื•ืคื ืชื™ืช ืฉืœื” ื•ืื™ื–ื” ื˜ื™ืค ื˜ื™ืคื•ื— ื”ื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืœื—ืœื•ืง