ืจืืฉื™ ื˜ืจื ื“ื™ื

ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืื“ ืžืงื•ื•ืช ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื™ืฉ ืœืš ืœืคื—ื•ืช ื‘ื’ื“ ื™ื ืฉืœื ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืขื•ื ื” ืฉืขื‘ืจื”, ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงืจื” ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืœืฆืจืฃ ืœืžืœืชื—ื” ืขื•ื“ ื ืฆื™ื’ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžื’ืžื” ื”ื ื™ื™ื ื˜ื™ื–ื™ืช ื”ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืจื•ืชื—ืช ื”ื–ืืช. ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ื›ื‘ืจ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืชืคืจืข ืขื ื’ื–ืจื•ืช, ืฆื‘ืขื™ื ื•ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช, ื•ืืœ ื“ืื’ื” - ื”ืฉืืจื ื• ื’ื ืžืงื•ื ืœื‘ื™ืงื™ื ื™ ื”ื™ืฉืŸ ื•ื”ื˜ื•ื‘

ืืœื” ืœื ืชื™ืงื™ื, ืืœื” ืžืžืชืงื™ื: ืขื ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืžื’ื”-ื˜ืจื ื“ื™ื™ื ื›ืžื• ืคืœืกื˜ื™ืง, ืงื˜ื™ืคื”, ืจืฉืช ื•ืกืื˜ืŸ, ื•ืฉืœืœ ื‘ืœื•ื’ืจื™ื•ืช ื•ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื•ืช ืื•ืคื ื” ืฉื ืคืœื• ืฉื“ื•ื“ื•ืช ืœืจื’ืœื™ ื”ืžื•ืชื’ ื”ืœื•ื”ื˜, ืœื ืžืคืชื™ืข ืฉื”ืชื•ืฆืื” ื”ื™ื ื˜ื™ืจื•ืฃ ืื™ื ืกื˜ื’ืจืžื™ ืžื•ื—ืœื˜. ื”ื ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื ื ื•ืจื ื™ืงืจื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ื ืจืื” ืืชื›ืŸ ื‘ื•ื—ืจื•ืช ืขื›ืฉื™ื•

ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืกื’ื ื•ื ื•ืช, ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืžืจืงืžื™ื, ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืคืจื™ื ื˜ื™ื ื•ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืฆื‘ืขื™ื - ื—ื•ืฅ ืžืฉื—ื•ืจ: ื”ืื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ื–ื” ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื ืขืœื™ ืขืงื‘ ืฆื‘ืขื•ื ื™ื•ืช, ื•ืœืžืจื‘ื” ื”ืžื–ืœ - ื”ืงื•ืœืงืฆื™ื•ืช ื‘ื—ื ื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืกื›ื™ืžื•ืช ืื™ืชื ื•. ืื– ืกื™ื“ืจื ื• ืœื›ืŸ ืื•ืคืฆื™ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ืฆื‘ืขื™ ื”ืงืฉืช

ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ืฉืขื‘ืจื• ืžืื– ืฉืขืชืŸ ื”ื™ืคื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ืคืœื˜ืคื•ืจืžื•ืช ื”"ื‘ืืคืœื•" ื”ื›ื‘ื“ื•ืช, ื”ืŸ ื”ืกืคื™ืงื• ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืœืกืžืœ ื”ื›ื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ืžื•ื‘ื”ืง ืฉืœ ืื•ืคื ืช ืกื•ืฃ ื”ื ื™ื™ื ื˜ื™ื–, ืื‘ืœ ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื›ื“ืื™ ืœื›ื ืœืงื•ื•ืช ืฉื”ื–ื•ื’ ื”ื™ืฉืŸ ืฉืœื›ื ืขื•ื“ ืงื™ื™ื ืื™ืคืฉื”ื• ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื”ื•ืจื™ื - ื›ื™ ืงืืžื‘ืง ื›ื–ื” ืœื•ื”ื˜ ื•ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ ืœื ืจืื™ื ื• ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื–ืžืŸ

ืžื™ื•ืœืก ืžื—ื•ื“ื“ื•ืช ืฉื—ื•ืจื•ืช ืขื ืขื™ื˜ื•ืจื™ ืื•ื‘ืจืกื™ื™ื– ื“ืžื•ื™ ืคื ื™ื ื” ืžื‘ื™ืช ื–ืืจื” ื”ืฉืชืœื˜ื• ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืคื™ื ื” ื‘ืื™ื ืกื˜ื’ืจื. ื”ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืฉืœ ื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ืคื ื™ื ื” ืขื ืžื—ื™ืจ ืื˜ืจืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ ืžืื“ ื’ืจืžื• ืœื‘ื”ืœื” ื‘ืงืจื‘ ื”ื ืขืœื™ื™ื. ืื– ื›ืžื” ื”ืŸ ื‘ืืžืช ืขื•ืœื•ืช?

ื’ื ืื ืœื ืชื”ื™ื” ื‘ืจื™ืจื” ืœื”ืฉืื™ืจ ืื•ืชื ื‘ื’ื“ืจ "ืœืจืื•ืชื ื‘ืœื‘ื“", ื›ื™ ืœืžื™ ื™ืฉ ืืœืฃ ืฉืงืœ ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืขืœ ื‘ื’ื“ ื™ื - ืื™ืŸ ืกืคืง ืฉื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื”ืื™ื ืกื˜ื’ืจื ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ืชื’ ื”ืื™ื˜ืœืงื™ ื”ื–ื” ื”ืคืš ืœืคื™ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื˜ ื”ืจืฉืžื™ ืฉืœื ื• ื•ืœืžืงื•ื ืฉืืœื™ื• ืื ื—ื ื• ื”ื•ืœื›ื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœืคื ื˜ื– ืขืœ ื”ืงื™ืฅ ื”ื›ื™ ืฉื™ืงื™ ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช

ืกื•ืฃ ืกื•ืฃ ื”ื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจื•ืช ืขื•ืœื•ืช ื•ื–ื” ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืœืฉืœื•ืฃ ืืช ื”ืคืจื™ื˜ ื”ืื”ื•ื‘ ืขืœื™ื ื• ืžื›ื•ืœื โ€“ ื”ืฉืžืœื•ืช ื”ืœื‘ื ื•ืช. ืœื ืกืชื ื”ืŸ ื”ืคื›ื• ืฉื ื ืจื“ืฃ ืœืืœื’ื ื˜ื™ื•ืช ืขืœ-ื–ืžื ื™ืช. ื”ืŸ ืขื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืื‘ืœ ืžืœืื•ืช ื ื•ื›ื—ื•ืช, ื ืงื™ื•ืช ื•ืืฆื™ืœื™ื•ืช ืžื‘ืœื™ ืœื”ืชืืžืฅ. ืกื™ืžื ื• ืืช ืืœื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœืฉื™ื ืขืœื™ื”ืŸ ืืช ื”ื™ื“ื™ื™ื

ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืชื—ื•ืฉื” ื›ื–ืืช ื‘ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ื”ืื•ืคื ืชื™ ื›ื‘ืจ ื›ืžื” ื–ืžืŸ, ืื‘ืœ ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื–ื” ืœื’ืžืจื™ ืจืฉืžื™: ื’'ื™ื ืก ื”ืกื˜ืจื™ื™ื˜ ืขื•ืงืฃ ื‘ืžื›ื™ืจื•ืช ืืช ื”ืกืงื™ื ื™ ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื ื“ืžื” ื›ืฉืœื™ื˜ ื”ื ืฆื—ื™ ืฉืœ ืžื—ืœืงืช ื”ื“ื ื™ื. ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื‘ืฉื•ืจื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืžื‘ื™ืื•ืช ืจื•ื— ื—ื“ืฉื” ื•ืงื•ืœื™ืช ืžืชืžื™ื“ ืืœ ื”ืจื—ื•ื‘, ืื– ืกื™ื“ืจื ื• ืœื›ื ื›ืžื” ื”ืฉืจืื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื•ื•ื“ื ืฉืชืขืฉื• ืืช ื–ื” ื ื›ื•ืŸ

ื›ื‘ืจ ื›ืžื” ืขื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืชืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ืืคื ื” ืžื˜ืฉื˜ืฉืช ืืช ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื›ื•ืขืจ ื•ื”ื™ืคื”. ืืœ ื”ืกื ื™ืงืจืก ื‘ืžืจืื” ื”ืžื™ื•ืฉืŸ ื•ื”ืžื’ื•ืฉื ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ืชืจื’ืœื ื•, ื•ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื”ื’ื™ืข ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ื’ืจืกื” ื”ืงื™ืฆื™ืช ื‘ืฆื•ืจืช ืกื ื“ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ืฉืื ืœ, ืœื ืคื—ื•ืช

ืื ื”ื–ื“ืขื–ืขืชื ืžื˜ืจื ื“ ืงืขืงื•ืขื™ ื˜ื‘ืขื•ืช ื”ืื™ืจื•ืกื™ืŸ, ื–ื” ื›ื‘ืจ ืžืžืฉ ื™ื—ืฉื‘ ืœื—ื™ืœื•ืœ ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืชื›ื: ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื•ื—ืจื™ื ืœื—ืกื•ืš ืืช ื”ืงื˜ืข ืฉืœ ื˜ื‘ืขืช ืคื™ื–ื™ืช ื•ื™ืงืจื” ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืœื›ืช ืœืื™ื‘ื•ื“, ื•ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœื ืขื•ืฅ ืืช ื™ื”ืœื•ื ื”ืื”ื‘ื” ื™ืฉืจ ืœืชื•ืš ื”ืืฆื‘ืข. ื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ, ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืื“ ืžืคืชื™ืข, ื–ื” ื›ื ืจืื” ืœื ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื›ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืชื™

ื”ื ื” ื˜ืจื ื“ ืฉืคืฉื•ื˜ ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืฉืœื ืœื”ืชืื”ื‘ ื‘ื•: ื”ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ ืื‘ื™ื‘ื™, ืจืขื ืŸ, ืขืœื™ื–, ืื•ืคื˜ื™ืžื™ ื•ื ื•ืขื– ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช, ื•ื”ื•ื ืงืจื•ื™ ืขืœ ืฉื ืื—ืช ื”ื“ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื—ืžื•ื“ื•ืช ื•ื”ืื”ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื”. ืื™ืš ื–ื” ื”ืชื—ื™ืœ, ืžื” ื”ืคืจื™ื˜ ื”ื›ื™ ื—ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžื’ืžื” ื•ืื™ืš ืžื™ื™ืฉืžื™ื ืื•ืชื” ื‘ืœื™ ืœื”ื™ืจืื•ืช ื›ืžื• ืขืฆื™ืฅ?

ื”ืืžืช ืฉืœื ืจืื™ื ื• ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ื, ืื‘ืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ืช ืœื’ืžืจื™ ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืขืœ ื”ืงื™ืจ - ืื• ืœื™ืชืจ ื“ื™ื•ืง, ืžืจื•ื—ื” ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืคื™ื“ ื”ืื™ื ืกื˜ื’ืจื ืฉืœ ืงื™ื ืงืจื“ืฉื™ืืŸ. ื”ืงื™ืฅ ื”ื–ื” ื–ื” ื”ื›ื™ ืงื•ืจื”, ื•ื›ื“ืื™ ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื”ืคื ื™ื ื›ื‘ืจ ืžืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืืช ื”ืกื˜ื™ื™ืœื™ื ื’ ืฉื™ื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ืคืจื™ื˜ ื”ืœื‘ื•ืฉ ื”ืื”ื•ื‘ ืขืœื™ื ื• ืž-2005 ืœืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ ื•ืœื•ื”ื˜ ืžืื™ ืคืขื

ื”ืงืืžื‘ืง ื”ืกื•ืขืจ ืฉืœ ื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ืœื•ื’ื•ืื™ื ืœื’ืžืจื™ ื‘ืฉื™ืื•, ื•ืื ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ืกืคืงืชืŸ ืœื—ืกื•ืš ืฉืงืœ ืœืฉืงืœ ื•ืœืคืจื’ืŸ ืœืขืฆืžื›ืŸ ืืช ื”ื˜ื™-ืฉืจื˜ ื”ื—ืจื•ืฉื” ืฉืœ ื’ื•ืฆ'ื™, ื—ื‘ืœ ืžืื“ - ื›ื™ ื™ืฉ ืœื•ื’ื• ื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ืฉื›ื•ื ื”, ื•ื”ื•ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื. ืจืง ืชืฉืืœื• ืืช ื‘ืœื”, ื’'ื™'ื’'ื™, ืงื™ื, ื”ื™ื™ืœื™ ืื• ืงื™ืืจื”

ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืขืฉื•ืจ ืฉืขื•ืฉื” ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช ืงืืžื‘ืง ืžื˜ื•ืจืฃ, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉืจื•ื‘ ื”ื˜ืจื ื“ื™ื ื‘ืกื™ื‘ื•ื‘ ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ ืžื”ื•ื•ื™ื ื”ื•ืžืื–' ืœืžืงื•ืจ, ื™ืฉ ืžืงื•ื ืื—ื“ ื‘ื• ืืคืฉืจ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœืžืฆื•ื ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ โ€“ ืืžื–ื•ืŸ. 15 ื”ืคืจื™ื˜ื™ื ื”ื‘ืื™ื ื™ื™ื’ืจืžื• ืœื›ื ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ื›ืื™ืœื• ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืขืฆืจ ืžืœื›ืช, ื•ืื•ืœื™ ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื”ื–ื™ืœ ื“ืžืขื”

ื‘ืฉื™ื ื”ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืœืฆื•ืช ื”ืœื•ื’ื• ื”ืžืžื•ืชื’ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื’ื•ืฆ'ื™, ื‘ืœื ืกื™ืื’ื” ื•ื“ื•ืžื™ื”ื, ืžืชื—ื™ืœื” ืœื˜ืคื˜ืฃ ืืœ ืคื™ื“ ื”ืื™ื ืกื˜ื’ืจื ืื•ืคืฆื™ื” ืžืจืขื ื ืช, ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช ื•ื ื’ื™ืฉื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ: ื—ื•ืœืฆืช ื˜ื™ ืœื‘ื ื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ื” ืฉืžื—ื–ื™ืจื” ืืช ื”ืคืจืกื˜ื™ื–' ืžื”ื—ื•ืชื ื”ืžื•ืชื’ ื”ื ื—ืฉืง ืืœ ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ื”ืืžื ื•ืช ื”ื™ืฉื ื” ื•ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื”