ืงืœืืกื™ืงื” ืžืชื—ื“ืฉืช: ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื›ื›ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ืจืื•ืช ื”ืชื™ืง ืฉืœื ื™ื™ืจื“ ืžื›ืŸ ื”ืงื™ืฅ

ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืฉืจืื”, ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœืื•ืคื˜ื™ืžื™ื•ืช ื•ื˜ืจื ื“ื™ื ืฉืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ ืขื ื˜ืจื ื™ื ื’ ื”ื ืœืœื ืกืคืง ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืžืฆืจื›ื™ื ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจื ื• ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ืืœื”, ื•ืืช ืฉืœื•ืฉืชื ืืคืฉืจ ืœืžืฆื•ื ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ืชื” ืฉืœ ืืœื–ื” ื”ื•ืกืง ืœืฉืืœื” "ืžื” ืืช ื”ื›ื™ ืื•ื”ื‘ืช ืœืœื‘ื•ืฉ ื›ืจื’ืข". ืื– ืงื‘ืœื• ืืช ื”ื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ืื‘ื™ื‘ื™ ืฉื”ืจื™ื ืœื ื• ืืช ืžืฆื‘ ื”ืจื•ื—

ืžืื™ื” ื”ื•ืง ื”ื™ื ื›ื‘ืจ ืœื ืฉื ื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ื’ื–ืจืช ื™ืœื“ื™ ื”ืกืœื‘ืก ื”ื”ื•ืœื™ื•ื•ื“ื™ื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืชื ื”ื™ืคื”ืคื™ื” ืฉืœ ืื•ืžื” ืช'ื•ืจืžืŸ ื•ืื™ืช'ืŸ ื”ื•ืง ืœื ืžืคืกื™ืงื” ืœืกื—ืจืจ ืืช ืขื•ืœืžื•ืช ื”ืžืฉื—ืง, ื”ืžื•ื–ื™ืงื” ื•ื”ืื•ืคื ื” ืขื ื”ืกื˜ื™ื™ืœ ื”ื ื™ื™ื ื˜ื™ื–ื™ ื”ืืคืœื•ืœื™ ืฉืœื”. ื‘ื”ืคืงื” ืžื”ืžืžืช ื•ืจืื™ื•ืŸ ื˜ืจื™ ื”ื™ื ืœื•ื‘ืฉืช ืืช ืžื™ื˜ื‘ ื”ืžื•ืชื’ื™ื ื•ืžืกืคืจืช ืขืœ ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืืžื

ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื›ื•ืœื ื• ืกื’ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื‘ืชื™ื, ื”ืื™ื ืกื˜ื’ืจื ืžื–ื›ื™ืจ ืœื ื• ืฉื”ืงื™ืฅ ืžื’ื™ืข ื•ื ื•ืชืŸ ื”ืฆืฆื” ืœื˜ืจื ื“ ืฉื™ืฉื˜ื•ืฃ ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืคื™ื ื‘ืจื’ืข ืฉื ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืฉื’ืจื”. ื”ืคืขื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืื—ื“ ื˜ืจื™ืงื™ ืœืžื“ื™, ืฉื–ื•ื›ื” ืœืฉืœืœ ืคืจืฉื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื•ืœืฉื’ืจื™ืจื” ืื—ืช ื’ืื”, ืืžื™ืœื™ ืจื˜ืื™ื™ืงืื•ืกืงื™ ืฉืžื”

ื™ื“ื•ืข ืฉืื•ืคื ืช ื”ื ื™ื™ื ื˜ื™ื– ืื”ื•ื‘ื” ืžืื“ ืขืœ ืงื™ื ืงืจื“ืฉื™ืืŸ ื•ื–ื• ืกื™ื‘ื” ืžืกืคื™ืง ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืœืขื ื•ื“ ืœืฉื™ืงืื’ื• ื‘ืช ื”ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื ืฆื•'ืงืจ ืฉื—ื•ืจ ืฆืžื•ื“ ื›ืฉื”ื™ื ืžืฉื—ืงืช ื‘ืงื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช. ืœื ืœื’ืžืจื™ ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืœื ื• ืื ืฉืจืฉืจืื•ืช ืฆืณื•ืงืจ ื”ืŸ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื™ืœื“ื•ืช ื‘ื ื•ืช ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ืžืฆื˜ืœื ื˜ื•ื‘

ื‘ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืžื™ืœื™ื: ืกื˜ืจืคืœืก ื“ื ื™ื ืฆืžื•ื“. ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ื”ืžืชื‘ืงืฉืช ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ืืœื” ื”ื™ื ื ื™ื ื•ื—ื” ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื”, ื”ืคืืฉื ื™ืกื˜ื•ืช ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืขืคื•ืช ืขืœื™ื•, ื•ืžื“ื’ื™ืžื•ืช ืื™ืš ื›ื•ืœื ื• ื ืชืœื‘ืฉ ื›ื ืจืื” ื›ืฉื ื•ื›ืœ ืกื•ืฃ ืกื•ืฃ ืœืฆืืช ื•ืœืคื’ื•ืฉ ืื ืฉื™ื

ื”ืจื•ืžืŸ ื”ืžื•ื–ืจ ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื ืื•ืคื ืช ื”ืขื™ืœื™ืช ืขื ื”ืืกืชื˜ื™ืงื” ื”ืžืคื•ืงืคืงืช ืฉืœ ื ืขืœื™ ื”ืงืจื•ืงืก ื ืžืฉืš ื›ื‘ืจ ื›ืžื” ืฉื ื™ื, ื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ื‘ืืžืช ื”ืฆืœื™ื— ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื›ืคื›ืฃ ื”ื’ื•ืžื™ ื”ืžื—ื•ืจืจ ืœื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ืื™ืจื•ื ื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืงื•ื•ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช. ื”ืื ื”ื™ืฆื™ืื” ื”ืชืžื•ื”ื” ืฉืœ ืžื•ืชื’ ื”ืขืœ ืœื ื•ื•ืŸ ืกื•ืฃ ืกื•ืฃ ืชื’ืจื•ื ืœื–ื” ืœืงืจื•ืช?

ื ืกื™ื›ืช ืื ื’ืœื™ื” ืœืฉืขื‘ืจ ื—ื•ื–ืจืช ืœืฉื•ืื•ื‘ื™ื– ืขื ืงืจื™ื™ื ื•ืช ืœืกืจื˜ ืฉืœ ื“ื™ืกื ื™ ืขืœ ืคื™ืœื™ื. ืœืจื’ืœ ื”ืฉืงืช ื”ืกืจื˜ ื”ืชืจืื™ื™ื ื” ืžื™ื™ื’ืŸ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื™ื•ืฆื ื“ื•ืคืŸ ืœืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช "ื’ื•ื“ ืžื•ืจื™ื ื™ื’ ืืžืจื™ืงื”" ื›ืฉื”ื™ื ืœื•ื‘ืฉืช ื—ื•ืœืฆื” ืœื‘ื ื” ืžื—ื•ื™ื˜ืช ืžื”ืงื•ืœืงืฆื™ื” ืฉื”ื™ื ืขื™ืฆื‘ื” ื•ืขืœ ืฆื•ื•ืืจื” ืขื ื“ื” ืฉืจืฉืจืช ืขื ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ืจื’ืฉื™ืช ืœื”ืืจื™ ื•ืœืืจืฆ'ื™

ื›ื•ื›ื‘ืช ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ื™ืฆืื” ืœืกื™ื“ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืกื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ืžื›ืฃ ืจื’ืœ ืขื“ ืจืืฉ: ื—ืœื™ืคืช ื˜ืจื ื™ื ื’ ืœื ืžืชืืžืฆืช, ืฆื™ื•ื“ ืžื’ืŸ ืžื•ืฉืงืข ื•ืกื ื™ืงืจืก ืœื‘ื ื•ืช. ื”ื™ื ืื•ืœื™ ืœื ื”ืชื›ื•ื•ื ื”, ืื‘ืœ ื”ืฆืœื™ื— ืœื” โ€“ ื•ืชื•ื“ื” ืœืคืคืจืืฆื™ ืฉื“ืื’ื• ืœืชืขื“ ืืช ื”ืžืื•ืจืข ื•ืœื”ื™ืฉื‘ืข ืฉืื›ืŸ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื”

ื”ื˜ืื™-ื“ืื™ ืžื”ื ื™ื™ื ื˜ื™ื– ืขืฉื” ืงืืžื‘ืง ืžืคืชื™ืข ื›ื‘ืจ ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืฉื ื”, ืื‘ืœ ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื”ื•ื ืžืงื‘ืœ ื—ื™ื–ื•ืง ื ื•ืกืฃ ื‘ื—ืกื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื“ื•ื“ ื—ื•ื‘ืง ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืžืฆืื ื• ืืช ื”ืคืจื™ื˜ื™ื ื”ื›ื™ ื™ืคื™ื ืฉื™ืขื‘ื™ืจื• ืืช ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื‘ื›ื™ืฃ โ€“ ืื‘ืœ ื’ื ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœืฆืืช ืืชื›ืŸ ืืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื‘ื—ืœื•ืฃ ื”ืกืขืจื”

ื‘ืืชืจ ื”ืื”ื•ื‘ ื—ื‘ืจื• ืœืคืืฉื ื™ืกื˜ื” ื”ืกื•ื“ื ื™ืช-ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ืช ืฉื”ืื“ ื‘ื˜ืืœ, ื•ื–ื• ืืฆืจื” ืขื‘ื•ืจื, ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืคืจื™ื˜ื™ื ื”ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ืืชืจ, ื›ืžื” ืืื•ื˜ืคื™ื˜ื™ื ืžื•ืฆืœื—ื™ื ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืฉืžื•ื›ื™ื—ื™ื ืฉ"ืœื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืงืจื™ื‘ ืืช ื”ืืžื•ื ื” ืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืื•ืคื ื”, ื•ืœื”ืคืš"

ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื—ืœืงื ื• ืขื•ื“ ืžื ืกื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื” ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืืžื•ืจื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืื™ืชื”, ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื™ืช ื˜ื™ืง-ื˜ื•ืง ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ืกืกื” ืืช ืขืฆืžื” ื›ืžืขืฆืžืช ื‘ื™ื•ื˜ื™ ืฉื”ื•ืคื›ืช ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ื‘ืจื™-ืžื–ืœ ืœืœื”ื™ื˜ื™ื ื•ื™ืจืืœื™ื™ื ื•ืจื‘ื™ ืžื›ืจ ืžื˜ื•ืจืคื™ื. ื–ื” ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืžื” ืฉืงื•ืจื” ืฉื ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืขื ื”ืœื™ืคื’ืœื•ืก ื”ื–ื”, ื•ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ ื”"ืœืคื ื™ ื•ืื—ืจื™" ืžื‘ื”ื™ืจื™ื ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ืœืžื”

ื”ื‘ื™ื“ื•ื“ ืขื•ืฉื” ืืช ืฉืœื• ื•ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื›ืžื•ื ื• ื’ื ืœื‘ืœื” ื—ื“ื™ื“ ืื™ืŸ ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืžืกืคืจื”. ื—ื“ื™ื“ ืœื ืคื—ื“ื” ื•ื”ืขื™ื–ื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ืžื” ืฉืจื•ื‘ื ื• ื—ืฉื•ืงื•ืช ื‘ื• โ€“ ืœื’ื–ื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืคื•ื ื™. ืื– ื ื›ื•ืŸ, ื”ืกืคืจื™ืช ืฉืœื” ื”ืงื‘ื•ืขื”, ื’'ืืŸ ืื˜ืงื™ืŸ, ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืฉื ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืง ืืช ื”ืžืกืคืจื™ื™ื ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื ื›ืŸ ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืื•ืŸ ืœื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื”ื“ืจื™ื›ื” ืื•ืชื” ืฆืขื“ ืื—ืจื™ ืฆืขื“. ื”ืืžืช, ื™ืฆื ืžื”ืžื

ืื™ื ืกื˜ื™ื ืงื˜ ื”ืฉื•ืคื™ื ื’ ืฉืœื ื• ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื™ืฆื™ื‘ ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื”, ื›ืฉื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื ืจืื” ืœื ื• ื”ื’ื™ื•ื ื™ ืœืงื ื•ืช ื”ื•ื ืจืง ืขื•ื“ ื•ืขื•ื“ ื˜ืจื ื™ื ื’ื™ื ื•ืคื™ื’'ืžื•ืช. ืื‘ืœ ืื– ื”ื’ื™ืขื” ืงื•ืœืงืฆื™ื™ืช ื”ืงืคืกื•ืœื” ื”ื—ื“ืฉื” ื”ื–ืืช ื•ื”ืฉืชื™ืงื” ืœื’ืžืจื™ ืืช ืงื•ืœ ื”ื”ื™ื’ื™ื•ืŸ

ื”ืกื•ืคืจืžื•ื“ืœ ื”ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™ืช ื”ืคื›ื” ื–ื” ืžื›ื‘ืจ ืœืื—ืช ืžื ืขืจื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื“ื•ื“ ื”ืžื•ืขื“ืคื•ืช ืขืœื™ื ื•, ืขื ืคื™ื“ ืžืกื•ื’ื ืŸ, ืžื“ื•ื™ืง ื•ืžืขื•ืจืจ ืงื ืื” ืœื”ืคืœื™ื. ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืœืจื’ืœ ื—ื’ื™ื’ื•ืช ื™ื•ื ื”ื•ืœื“ืชื”, ื”ื™ื ืœื•ืงื—ืช ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื™ื•ืคื™ ื”ื–ื” ืœื˜ื™ื•ืœ ื‘ื—ื•ืฅ - ื›ื•ืœืœ ื‘ืŸ ื”ื–ื•ื’ ื”ื—ืชื™ืš, ื”ื‘ืŸ ื”ืžืชื•ืง ื•ื”ืืื•ื˜ืคื™ื˜ ื”ืžื•ืฉืœื

ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื”ืชื ืชืงื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืกื•ืคื™ ืžื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืœื•ื›ื” ื•ืขื‘ืจื” ืขื ืžืฉืคื—ืชื” ืœืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช, ืžื™ื™ื’ืŸ ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ืฉืืจ ืื“ื™ืฉื” ืœืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ื•ื”ื™ื ื™ืฆืื” ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื”ืืจื™ ืœื—ืœื•ืงืช ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื‘ืจื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืืœ ืื™ื™. ืœืกื™ื‘ื•ื‘ ื”ื–ื” ื”ื™ื ื‘ื—ืจื” ืœืœื‘ื•ืฉ ื˜ืจื ื™ื ื’ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžื—ืžื™ื ืœื” ื‘ืฉื•ื ืฆื•ืจื” ื•ื’ื ืขื•ืœื” 900 ืฉืงืœื™ื. ืžื™ื™ื’ืŸ, ืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ืขื“ ื ื— ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืืžืช ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ืžืขื˜ ื˜ืจื ื™ื ื’ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื™ืคื™ื ื•ื–ื•ืœื™ื ืžืืœื”