ื‘ืžื—ื™ืจ ืกื‘ื™ืจ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ: ืกืคื™ืจ ืื‘ื™ืกืจื•ืจ ืžืฆืื” ืฉืžืœื” ืžื•ืฉืœืžืช ืœื—ื’ื™ื

ืื ืœืฉืคื•ื˜ ืžื”ืคื™ื“ ื•ื”ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ ืฉืœื”, ื ืจืื” ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื—ื•ืคืฉื” ืคื•ื˜ื•ื’ื ื™ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื™ืขืœ ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ืืจื–ื” ืœืื™ ื”ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื”ืชืื, ืขื ืžืจืื•ืช ืงื™ืฆื™ื™ื ืฉื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื ืžืชืขืœื” ืขืœ ืงื•ื“ืžื•. ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืจืฆืฃ ืื•ืคื ืชื™ ืžื•ืฆืœื— ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื•ืžืžืฉ ืœื ื‘ื ืœื ื• ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื’ื™ืข ืœืกื•ืคื•

ืฉื™ ืฉื’ื™ื ื”ืคื›ื” ืืžืฉ ืœืืฉืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ื–ืžืจ ืจื•ืชื ื›ื”ืŸ ื‘ื—ืชื•ื ื” ืžื•ืฉืงืขืช ืขืชื™ืจืช ืื•ืจื—ื™ื ืžืคื•ืจืกืžื™ื. ื”ื›ืœื” ื‘ื™ืงืฉื” ืžื”ืžืขืฆื‘ืช ืฉืœื•ืžื™ืช ืื–ืจื“ ืฉืžืœื” ื‘ืžืจืื” ืงืœืืกื™, ืืœื’ื ื˜ื™ ื•ื ืงื™, ื•ื ืจืืชื” ื ืคืœื ื‘ืฉืžืœืช ืžืฉื™ ื’ืœืืžื™ืช ืขื ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ื™ ืชื—ืจื” ืขื“ื™ื ื™ื. ืฉืžื ื• ืขื™ืŸ ื’ื ืขืœ ืžื—ืฉื•ืฃ ื”ื’ื‘ ื”ืžืฉื’ืข ื•ืขืœ ืžืจืื” ื”ื‘ื™ื•ื˜ื™ ื”ืขื“ื™ืŸ ืฉื”ื—ืžื™ื ืœื” ื‘ื˜ื™ืจื•ืฃ

ื›ืŸ, ื‘ื—ืฆืื™ืช. ื ื™ื›ืจ ืฉืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืชื• ื–ื” ืœื ื‘ื™ื’ ื“ื™ืœ, ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืžืœื™ืฆื•ืช ืœื–ืจื•ื ืขื ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจื” ื”ื ื•ื ืฉืœื ื˜ื™ืช. ืคื™ื˜ ื‘ืŸ ื”-58 ืžืงื“ื ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ืืœื” ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœื•, ื•ืขื•ืฉื” ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ืžืœืชื—ื” ืงืœื™ืœื”, ืคืกื˜ืœื™ืช, ืžืคืชื™ืขื” ื•ืžืขื•ืจืจืช ื”ืฉืจืื”. ืื”, ื•ื”ื•ื ื’ื ืžืžืฉ ื—ืชื™ืš

ืžื™ื™ื’ืŸ ื•ื”ืืจื™ ื ื—ืชื• ื‘ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื—ืช ื—ืœืง ื‘ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ ื™ื•ื ื ืœืกื•ืŸ ืžื ื“ืœื” ื‘ืื•"ื. ืžืจืงืœ ื ืฆืคืชื” ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจ ื‘ืฉืœืœ ืืื•ื˜ืคื™ื˜ื™ื ืžื“ื•ื™ืงื™ื ืฉื›ืœืœื• ื’ื ืžื›ื ืกื™ ื‘ืจืžื•ื“ื” ื™ื•ืงืจืชื™ื™ื ื•ื™ืคื™ื ืฉืœ ื“ื™ื•ืจ ื•ืื•ื‘ืจื•ืœ ืžืฉื’ืข ื‘ืฉื—ื•ืจ ื•ืœื‘ืŸ ืฉืœ ื’ื‘ืจื™ืืœื” ื”ืจืกื˜. ืฉืื‘ื ื• ื”ืฉืจืื” ืื•ืจื‘ื ื™ืช-ืืœื’ื ื˜ื™ืช ื•ื™ืฆืื ื• ืœื—ืคืฉ ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืœืชืจื’ื ืื•ืชื” ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ื™ื

ื”ืกื˜ื™ื™ืœื™ืกื˜ ื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ื’ืจ ื™ื“ืข ืฉื›ื•ืœื ื™ื“ื‘ืจื• ื”ื™ื•ื ืขืœ ืืกืฃ ืืžื“ื•ืจืกืงื™, ื•ืฉืžื ืขื“ ื”ืชื’ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื™ื ื•ืข ื‘ื™ืŸ "ื•ื•ืื˜ ื“ื” ืคืืง" ืœ-"ื›ืœ ื”ื›ื‘ื•ื“". ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื ื”ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืกื™ื‘ื” ื”ืงื•ื•ื™ืจื™ืช ื”ื–ืืช ื‘ืื•ืœืคืŸ ืฉืœ "ื”ื›ื•ื›ื‘ ื”ื‘ื" ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื”ืชื’ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืืžืฆืข - "ืืœื” ืฉื ื—ืจื“ื™ื, ื•ืื– ืžืชื ื“ื ื“ื™ื, ื•ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืจื’ืข - ืื•ืœื™ ื–ื” ืžื’ื ื™ื‘?". ื‘ืจืื™ื•ืŸ ืœ-FF ื”ื•ื ืžืกืคืจ ืขืœ ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื•ื”ื”ืฉืจืื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœื• ืœื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื›ื™ ืžืกืขื™ืจ ืฉืงื•ืจื” ื›ืจื’ืข ืขืœ ื”ืžืกืš

ื™ืฉ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืฉืืœื•ืช ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ื”ื•ืคืขื” ืฉืœ ื ื•ืขื” ืงื™ืจืœ ื‘ืคืืจืง ื”ื™ืจืงื•ืŸ, ืื‘ืœ ืื•ืชื ื• ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืžืขืกื™ืงื” ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืฉืืœืช ื”ืžืœืชื—ื”: ื›ืžื” ืœื•ืงื™ื ื”ื™ื ืชื—ืœื™ืฃ ื•ื‘ืื™ื–ื” ื•ื•ื™ื™ื‘? ืคื•ืกื˜ ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืืคืจืช ื”ืฆืžื•ื“ื” ืžืฆื™ืข ืจืžื–, ื•ื›ื•ืœืœ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืžืคืชื™ืข ื‘ืคืจื™ื˜ ื”ื—ื ืฉืœ ื”ืจื’ืข

ื”ื“ื•ื’ืžื ื™ืช ื•ืืฉืช ื”ืขืกืงื™ื ื™ื“ื•ืขื” ื‘ื—ื™ื‘ื” ืฉืœื” ืœืžื—ืฉื•ืคื™ื ืžืกื•ื›ื ื™ื, ืืš ื”ืคืขื ื”ื™ื ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื” ืœื”ืคืชื™ืข ืื•ืชื ื• ืขื ืžื—ืฉื•ืฃ ืงื“ืžื™ ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“. ืฉืžืœืช ื”ืžื™ื“ื™ ื”ืฆื”ื•ื‘ื” ื•ื”ื–ืจื—ื ื™ืช ื”ืฉืชืœื‘ื” ื ื”ื“ืจ ืขื ื”ืขื•ืจ ืฉื–ื›ื” ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉื–ืคื™ื ืฉืœื”, ื•ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ- ืขื ื”ื ื•ืคื™ื ื”ืžื˜ืจื™ืคื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื™ืงื•ื ื•ืก

ื”ื’ื™ืฉื” ื”ื™ื•ืžื™ื•ืžื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื—ืงื ื™ืช ืœืื•ืคื ื” ื”ืคื›ื” ืื•ืชื” ืœืกื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืื™ื™ืงื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื. ื”ืœื•ืง ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ืฉืœื” ื›ืœืœ ืื•ื‘ืจื•ืœ ื“ื ื™ื ื‘ื’ื•ื•ืŸ ื™ืจืงืจืง ืฉื–ืจืง ืื•ืชื ื• ื™ืฉืจ ืœื’'ื•ืื™ ืคื•ื˜ืจ ืžื”ืกื“ืจื” ื”ืื”ื•ื‘ื”. ื‘ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืขื ื’ื•ืคื™ื™ื” ืœื‘ื ื” ื•ื›ืคื›ืคื™ื, ื”ื•ืœืžืก ื–ืจืงื” ืื•ืชื ื• ื‘ื—ื–ืจื” ืœื ื™ื™ื ื˜ื™ื–- ื•ืœื’ืžืจื™ ื‘ืงื˜ืข ื˜ื•ื‘

ืžื‘ื—ืŸ ื”ืคื™ื“ ืงื‘ืข: ื™ืฉ ื‘ื™ืงื™ื ื™ ื•ื™ืจืืœื™ ื—ื“ืฉ ื•ื™ืคื” ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“. ื”ืคืขื, ื—ืชื•ืžื” ืขืœื™ื• ืžืขืฆื‘ืช ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช ืฉื ืชื ื” ืคืจืฉื ื•ืช ืขื•ื ืชื™ืช ืžื˜ืจื™ืคื” ืœื”ืฉืจืื•ืช ืžืขื•ืœื ื”ื™ื ื•ื”ืžืฆื•ืœื•ืช. ืฉื•ื ื™ืช ื—ืžื“, ื“ืงืœื” ื’ื•ืจืŸ ื•ืื•ืจื™ื” ืขื–ืจืŸ ื›ื‘ืจ ื—ื•ืจืฉื•ืช ืขืœ ืคืจื™ื ื˜ ื”ืฆื“ืคื™ื ืฉืœ ืฉื ื™ ืฉืžืจ- ืื– ืžื™ ืชื”ื™ื” ื”ื‘ืื” ื‘ืชื•ืจ?

ืงืฆืช ืžื ื—ื ืœื”ื™ื–ื›ืจ ืฉื’ื ื ืฉื™ื ืžืคื•ืจืกืžื•ืช, ืขืฉื™ืจื•ืช, ื—ื›ืžื•ืช ื•ื™ืคื”ืคื™ื•ืช ืขืœื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ืชืื›ื–ื‘ ืžื’ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ื•ื’ื“ื ื™ื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ื—ื‘ืœ ืฉื”ืคืขื ื–ื” ืงื•ืจื” ืขืœ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืืžืจื˜ื” ืื”ื•ื‘ืชื ื•. ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ื™ืฉ ืืžืช ื‘ื“ื™ื•ื•ื—ื™ื ืื• ืœื, ืฉืžื—ื ื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืื•ืชื” ืžื“ื’ืžื ืช ืืช ื”ืกื˜ืจื™ื˜ ืกื˜ื™ื™ืœ ื”ืžื•ืฉืœื ืฉืœื” ื‘ืฉืžืœื” ืžื”ืกื•ื’ ืฉืชืžื™ื“ ื ืฉืืจ ื ืืžืŸ

ื’'ื ื™ืคืจ ืœื•ืคื– ื”ืชื—ืชื ื” ื‘ื—ืฉืื™ ืขื ื‘ืŸ ืืคืœืง ื‘ืฉืžืœืช ื›ืœื” ืกื•ืคืจ ืžืคืชื™ืขื” ื‘ืคืฉื˜ื•ืชื” ืœืœื ืฉืจื•ื•ืœื™ื ืฉื—ื™ื›ืชื” ืœื” ืฉื ื™ื ื‘ืืจื•ืŸ. ื”ืฉืžืœื” ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื’'ื™ื™ ืœื• ื‘ืžื”ื•ืชื”, ืขื ืฉืจื•ื•ืœื™ ืชื—ืจื” ืืจื•ื›ื™ื, ืฉื•ื‘ืœ ืืจื•ืš ื•ื”ื™ื ื•ืžืช ืชื—ืจื” ืชื•ืืžืช

ื—ื›ื• ืขื ื”ื’ื•ื’ืœ - ืืชื ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ืื•ืชื” ืž"ืžื’ืจืฉ ื‘ื™ืชื™", ืกื“ืจืช ื”ืœื”ื™ื˜ ืžืชื—ื™ืœืช ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ืืœืคื™ื™ื, ืฉืขืœ ื”ืกื˜ ืฉืœื” ื’ื ื”ื›ื™ืจื” ืืช ื‘ืขืœื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ - ืฆ'ืื“ ืžื™ื™ืงืœ ืžืืจื™. ืœืคื ื™ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื ื™ืฉืื” ื‘ื•ืฉ ื‘ืช ื”-40 ื‘ืฉื ื™ืช, ื•ืื™ืš ืฉืืžืจื” ื›ืŸ ืœื”ืฆืขืช ื”ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ื ื›ื‘ืจ ื™ื“ืขื” ืื™ืš ืชื™ืจืื” ื”ืฉืžืœื” ืฉืœื”. ื”ืชื•ืฆืื” ื”ื™ื ืื—ืช ื”ื™ืคื•ืช ื•ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื•ืช ืฉืจืื™ื ื•

ื ื™ืงื•ืœ ืจืื™ื“ืžืŸ ืฉืœืคื” ืžื”ืืจื•ืŸ ืฉืœื” ื‘ื’ื“ ื™ื ื”ืขื•ื ื” ืขืœ ื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ืงืื˜ ืืื•ื˜ ื‘ืฆื‘ืขื™ื ืฉืœ ื›ืชื•ื ื•ืฆื”ื•ื‘. ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื™ืฉืืจ ืืœื™ื• ืื“ื™ืฉื™ื ืžื›ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืœื•ื”ื˜. ื”ืžื—ืฉื•ืฃ, ื”ื›ืชืคื™ื™ื” ื•ื”ืฉื™ื–ื•ืฃ ื”ืžืกื•ื›ืŸ ืœื ื”ืคื—ื™ื“ื• ืื•ืชื” ื‘ื›ืœืœ. ื ื™ืงื•ืœ, ื”ืจื’ืช ืื•ืชื ื•

ื”ืžืขืจื™ืฆื™ื ืื•ืœื™ ืžืื•ื›ื–ื‘ื™ื ืžื”ื”ื•ืคืขื” ืฉืœ ื”ื–ืžืจ, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืงืฉื•ืจ ืœืœื•ืง ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื™ืขืœ ืฉืœื‘ื™ื” ืื™ืŸ ืœื ื• ืฉื•ื ืชืœื•ื ื•ืช. ื”ื“ื•ื’ืžื ื™ืช ื”ื’ื™ืขื” ืœืคืจื’ืŸ ืœื‘ื•ื™ืคืจื ื“ ื‘ืืื•ื˜ืคื™ื˜ ืžื”ื—ืœื•ืžื•ืช ืฉื›ืœืœ ืžื›ื ืกื™ ื’'ื™ื ืก, ื—ื•ืœืฆื” ื’ื‘ืจื™ืช ืงืฉื•ืจื” ื•ื—ื–ื™ื™ืช ืžื•ื ื•ื’ืจืžื” ืฉืงื•ืคื”. ืื”ื‘ื ื• ื‘ืจืžื•ืช

ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื ืžื‘ืœื” ืืช ื—ื•ืคืฉืช ื”ืงื™ืฅ, ืขื•ืžืจ ื ื•ื“ืœืžืŸ ื”ืขืœืชื” ืžื‘ื—ืจ ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœื” ื‘ื‘ื’ื“ื™ ื™ื. ืื”ื‘ื ื• ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืืช ื‘ื’ื“ ื”ื™ื ื”ืฉืœื ื‘ืฆื‘ืขื™ ืงื•ืœื•ืจ ื‘ืœื•ืง ืคืกื˜ืœื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื“ื™ื–ืœ ืฉืžืฆืœื™ื— ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ืžืจืื” ืงืฆืช ืกืคื•ืจื˜ื™ื‘ื™ ืื‘ืœ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืขืœ ืžื—ืฉื•ืฃ ืขืžื•ืง. ื•ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืœื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื‘ื›ืœืœ