ืจืืฉื™ ื˜ืจื ื“ื™ืืื–ืขืงืช ื˜ืจื ื“

ืžื™ื•ืœืก ืžื—ื•ื“ื“ื•ืช ืฉื—ื•ืจื•ืช ืขื ืขื™ื˜ื•ืจื™ ืื•ื‘ืจืกื™ื™ื– ื“ืžื•ื™ ืคื ื™ื ื” ืžื‘ื™ืช ื–ืืจื” ื”ืฉืชืœื˜ื• ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืคื™ื ื” ื‘ืื™ื ืกื˜ื’ืจื. ื”ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืฉืœ ื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ืคื ื™ื ื” ืขื ืžื—ื™ืจ ืื˜ืจืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ ืžืื“ ื’ืจืžื• ืœื‘ื”ืœื” ื‘ืงืจื‘ ื”ื ืขืœื™ื™ื. ืื– ื›ืžื” ื”ืŸ ื‘ืืžืช ืขื•ืœื•ืช?

ื’ื ืื ืœื ืชื”ื™ื” ื‘ืจื™ืจื” ืœื”ืฉืื™ืจ ืื•ืชื ื‘ื’ื“ืจ "ืœืจืื•ืชื ื‘ืœื‘ื“", ื›ื™ ืœืžื™ ื™ืฉ ืืœืฃ ืฉืงืœ ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืขืœ ื‘ื’ื“ ื™ื - ืื™ืŸ ืกืคืง ืฉื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื”ืื™ื ืกื˜ื’ืจื ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ืชื’ ื”ืื™ื˜ืœืงื™ ื”ื–ื” ื”ืคืš ืœืคื™ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื˜ ื”ืจืฉืžื™ ืฉืœื ื• ื•ืœืžืงื•ื ืฉืืœื™ื• ืื ื—ื ื• ื”ื•ืœื›ื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœืคื ื˜ื– ืขืœ ื”ืงื™ืฅ ื”ื›ื™ ืฉื™ืงื™ ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช

ืกื•ืฃ ืกื•ืฃ ื”ื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจื•ืช ืขื•ืœื•ืช ื•ื–ื” ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืœืฉืœื•ืฃ ืืช ื”ืคืจื™ื˜ ื”ืื”ื•ื‘ ืขืœื™ื ื• ืžื›ื•ืœื โ€“ ื”ืฉืžืœื•ืช ื”ืœื‘ื ื•ืช. ืœื ืกืชื ื”ืŸ ื”ืคื›ื• ืฉื ื ืจื“ืฃ ืœืืœื’ื ื˜ื™ื•ืช ืขืœ-ื–ืžื ื™ืช. ื”ืŸ ืขื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืื‘ืœ ืžืœืื•ืช ื ื•ื›ื—ื•ืช, ื ืงื™ื•ืช ื•ืืฆื™ืœื™ื•ืช ืžื‘ืœื™ ืœื”ืชืืžืฅ. ืกื™ืžื ื• ืืช ืืœื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœืฉื™ื ืขืœื™ื”ืŸ ืืช ื”ื™ื“ื™ื™ื

ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืชื—ื•ืฉื” ื›ื–ืืช ื‘ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ื”ืื•ืคื ืชื™ ื›ื‘ืจ ื›ืžื” ื–ืžืŸ, ืื‘ืœ ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื–ื” ืœื’ืžืจื™ ืจืฉืžื™: ื’'ื™ื ืก ื”ืกื˜ืจื™ื™ื˜ ืขื•ืงืฃ ื‘ืžื›ื™ืจื•ืช ืืช ื”ืกืงื™ื ื™ ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื ื“ืžื” ื›ืฉืœื™ื˜ ื”ื ืฆื—ื™ ืฉืœ ืžื—ืœืงืช ื”ื“ื ื™ื. ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื‘ืฉื•ืจื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืžื‘ื™ืื•ืช ืจื•ื— ื—ื“ืฉื” ื•ืงื•ืœื™ืช ืžืชืžื™ื“ ืืœ ื”ืจื—ื•ื‘, ืื– ืกื™ื“ืจื ื• ืœื›ื ื›ืžื” ื”ืฉืจืื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื•ื•ื“ื ืฉืชืขืฉื• ืืช ื–ื” ื ื›ื•ืŸ

ื›ื‘ืจ ื›ืžื” ืขื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืชืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ืืคื ื” ืžื˜ืฉื˜ืฉืช ืืช ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื›ื•ืขืจ ื•ื”ื™ืคื”. ืืœ ื”ืกื ื™ืงืจืก ื‘ืžืจืื” ื”ืžื™ื•ืฉืŸ ื•ื”ืžื’ื•ืฉื ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ืชืจื’ืœื ื•, ื•ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื”ื’ื™ืข ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ื’ืจืกื” ื”ืงื™ืฆื™ืช ื‘ืฆื•ืจืช ืกื ื“ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ืฉืื ืœ, ืœื ืคื—ื•ืช

ืื ื”ื–ื“ืขื–ืขืชื ืžื˜ืจื ื“ ืงืขืงื•ืขื™ ื˜ื‘ืขื•ืช ื”ืื™ืจื•ืกื™ืŸ, ื–ื” ื›ื‘ืจ ืžืžืฉ ื™ื—ืฉื‘ ืœื—ื™ืœื•ืœ ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืชื›ื: ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื•ื—ืจื™ื ืœื—ืกื•ืš ืืช ื”ืงื˜ืข ืฉืœ ื˜ื‘ืขืช ืคื™ื–ื™ืช ื•ื™ืงืจื” ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืœื›ืช ืœืื™ื‘ื•ื“, ื•ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœื ืขื•ืฅ ืืช ื™ื”ืœื•ื ื”ืื”ื‘ื” ื™ืฉืจ ืœืชื•ืš ื”ืืฆื‘ืข. ื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ, ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืื“ ืžืคืชื™ืข, ื–ื” ื›ื ืจืื” ืœื ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื›ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืชื™

ื”ื ื” ื˜ืจื ื“ ืฉืคืฉื•ื˜ ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืฉืœื ืœื”ืชืื”ื‘ ื‘ื•: ื”ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ ืื‘ื™ื‘ื™, ืจืขื ืŸ, ืขืœื™ื–, ืื•ืคื˜ื™ืžื™ ื•ื ื•ืขื– ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช, ื•ื”ื•ื ืงืจื•ื™ ืขืœ ืฉื ืื—ืช ื”ื“ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื—ืžื•ื“ื•ืช ื•ื”ืื”ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื”. ืื™ืš ื–ื” ื”ืชื—ื™ืœ, ืžื” ื”ืคืจื™ื˜ ื”ื›ื™ ื—ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžื’ืžื” ื•ืื™ืš ืžื™ื™ืฉืžื™ื ืื•ืชื” ื‘ืœื™ ืœื”ื™ืจืื•ืช ื›ืžื• ืขืฆื™ืฅ?

ื”ืืžืช ืฉืœื ืจืื™ื ื• ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ื, ืื‘ืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ืช ืœื’ืžืจื™ ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืขืœ ื”ืงื™ืจ - ืื• ืœื™ืชืจ ื“ื™ื•ืง, ืžืจื•ื—ื” ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืคื™ื“ ื”ืื™ื ืกื˜ื’ืจื ืฉืœ ืงื™ื ืงืจื“ืฉื™ืืŸ. ื”ืงื™ืฅ ื”ื–ื” ื–ื” ื”ื›ื™ ืงื•ืจื”, ื•ื›ื“ืื™ ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื”ืคื ื™ื ื›ื‘ืจ ืžืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืืช ื”ืกื˜ื™ื™ืœื™ื ื’ ืฉื™ื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ืคืจื™ื˜ ื”ืœื‘ื•ืฉ ื”ืื”ื•ื‘ ืขืœื™ื ื• ืž-2005 ืœืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ ื•ืœื•ื”ื˜ ืžืื™ ืคืขื

ื”ืงืืžื‘ืง ื”ืกื•ืขืจ ืฉืœ ื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ืœื•ื’ื•ืื™ื ืœื’ืžืจื™ ื‘ืฉื™ืื•, ื•ืื ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ืกืคืงืชืŸ ืœื—ืกื•ืš ืฉืงืœ ืœืฉืงืœ ื•ืœืคืจื’ืŸ ืœืขืฆืžื›ืŸ ืืช ื”ื˜ื™-ืฉืจื˜ ื”ื—ืจื•ืฉื” ืฉืœ ื’ื•ืฆ'ื™, ื—ื‘ืœ ืžืื“ - ื›ื™ ื™ืฉ ืœื•ื’ื• ื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ืฉื›ื•ื ื”, ื•ื”ื•ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื. ืจืง ืชืฉืืœื• ืืช ื‘ืœื”, ื’'ื™'ื’'ื™, ืงื™ื, ื”ื™ื™ืœื™ ืื• ืงื™ืืจื”

ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืขืฉื•ืจ ืฉืขื•ืฉื” ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช ืงืืžื‘ืง ืžื˜ื•ืจืฃ, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉืจื•ื‘ ื”ื˜ืจื ื“ื™ื ื‘ืกื™ื‘ื•ื‘ ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ ืžื”ื•ื•ื™ื ื”ื•ืžืื–' ืœืžืงื•ืจ, ื™ืฉ ืžืงื•ื ืื—ื“ ื‘ื• ืืคืฉืจ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœืžืฆื•ื ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ โ€“ ืืžื–ื•ืŸ. 15 ื”ืคืจื™ื˜ื™ื ื”ื‘ืื™ื ื™ื™ื’ืจืžื• ืœื›ื ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ื›ืื™ืœื• ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืขืฆืจ ืžืœื›ืช, ื•ืื•ืœื™ ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื”ื–ื™ืœ ื“ืžืขื”

ื‘ืฉื™ื ื”ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืœืฆื•ืช ื”ืœื•ื’ื• ื”ืžืžื•ืชื’ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื’ื•ืฆ'ื™, ื‘ืœื ืกื™ืื’ื” ื•ื“ื•ืžื™ื”ื, ืžืชื—ื™ืœื” ืœื˜ืคื˜ืฃ ืืœ ืคื™ื“ ื”ืื™ื ืกื˜ื’ืจื ืื•ืคืฆื™ื” ืžืจืขื ื ืช, ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช ื•ื ื’ื™ืฉื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ: ื—ื•ืœืฆืช ื˜ื™ ืœื‘ื ื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ื” ืฉืžื—ื–ื™ืจื” ืืช ื”ืคืจืกื˜ื™ื–' ืžื”ื—ื•ืชื ื”ืžื•ืชื’ ื”ื ื—ืฉืง ืืœ ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ื”ืืžื ื•ืช ื”ื™ืฉื ื” ื•ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื”

ื–ื• ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื”ืฉืชืœื˜ื•ืช ื ื—ื•ืฉื” ื•ื”ื“ืจื’ืชื™ืช, ื•ื›ื™ื•ื ื›ืœ ืžืฉืงืคื™ ืฉืžืฉ ื‘ื’ื•ื“ืœ ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™ ื•ืžืขืœื” ื”ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื‘ื™ื’ ื ื•-ื ื• (ืชืจืชื™ ืžืฉืžืข). ื‘ื”ื™ืกื˜ืจื™ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืงืคื™ื™ื ื”ื–ืขื™ืจื™ื ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืืฉื™ื, ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ืืช ื’'ื™ื’'ื™, ืงื ื“ืœ ื•ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ืœื”, ืื‘ืœ ืขื“ื™ืฃ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœื”ืฆื˜ืจืฃ ืœืžืกื™ื‘ื”. ืื– ืืจื’ื ื• ืœื›ื ื›ืžื” ืื•ืคืฆื™ื•ืช ืฉื•ื•ืช ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“

ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื”ืื•ืคื ื” ืฉืœ ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง ื”ื•ื›ื™ื— ืœื ื• ืฉื–ื” ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืœืฉืœื•ืฃ ืฉื•ื‘ ืืช ื”ืคื ื™ื ื™ื ืžืงื•ืคืกืช ื”ืชื›ืฉื™ื˜ื™ื ื•ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืื•ืชืŸ ืœืกื™ื‘ื•ื‘ ื‘ืฉื›ื•ื ื”. ื”ืขื’ื™ืœื™ื ืฉื–ื›ื• ืœืžืขืžื“ ืงืœืืกื™ ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืกื˜ ืžืคืชื™ืข ื•ื”ื•ืคื›ื™ื ืœืืงืกืกื•ืจื™ ื”ื›ื™ ืžืขื•ื“ื›ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ

ืขื•ืœื ื”ืื•ืคื ื” ื•ื”ื‘ื™ื•ื˜ื™ ื ื–ื›ืจ ื‘ืื—ื“ ื”ืœื•ืงื™ื ื”ืื™ื™ืงื•ื ื™ื™ื ืžื”ื ื™ื™ื ื˜ื™ื– - ื–ื” ืฉืœ ื’'ื•ืœื™ื” ืจื•ื‘ืจื˜ืก ืžื”ืกืจื˜ "ืื™ืฉื” ื™ืคื”". ื”ื•ื ืžืงื•ืจื–ืœ, ืžื•ืจื, ื’ื•ืœืฉ ื‘ืžื•ืจื“ ื”ืžืฆื— ื•ื‘ืขืœ ืžืจืื” ืืœื’ื ื˜ื™ ืœืžื“ื™. ืื– ืžื” ืžืื–ืŸ ืื•ืชื• ื•ืื™ืš ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ืœื™ื™ืฉื ื‘ื™ื•ืžื™ื•ื?

ืงืฉื” ืœื ื—ืฉ ืื™ื–ื” ืชื™ืง ื™ืฆืœื™ื— ืœื”ืชืขืœื•ืช ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืžืชื—ืจื™ื• ื•ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืœ"ืื™ื˜-ื‘ื’" ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ื ื”, ื–ื” ืฉืฉื•ืœื˜ ื‘ืคื™ื“ ื”ืื™ื ืกื˜ื’ืจื ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ื—ื™ื‘ืชืŸ ื”ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ื™ืชื ืช ืœืขืจืขื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืคืืฉื ื™ืกื˜ื•ืช. ืื ื—ื ื• ืœืงื—ื ื• ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื ื• ืืช ื”ืžืฉื™ืžื”. ืืœ ืชื’ื™ื“ื• ืœื ื™ื“ืขื ื• โ€“ ืืœื” ื”ื“ื’ืžื™ื ืฉื™ืฉืœื˜ื• ื‘ืื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ืงืจื•ื‘