ืจืืฉื™ ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช FF

ืื•ืจื—ืช ื”ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ืชืฆื•ื’ื” ื”ืžืคื•ืืจืช ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืื•ืคื ื” ื“ื™ื•ืจ ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืœื ืคื—ื•ืช ืžื’'ื ื™ืคืจ ืœื•ืคื–. ื›ื™ืื” ืœื’'ื™ื™ ืœื•, ื”ื™ื ื’ื ื‘ื” ืืช ื”ื”ืฆื’ื” ื›ืฉื”ื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ืฉืžืœื” ื-ืกื™ืžื˜ืจื™ืช ื‘ืฆื‘ืข ื‘ื–' ื•ื’ืœื™ืžื” ืชื•ืืžืช ืžืขืœื™ื”. ื”ื™ื ืœื ืฉื›ื—ื” ืชื™ืง ืฉื—ื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื“ื™ื•ืจ ื•ื›ืคืคื•ืช ืชื•ืืžื•ืช ืฉื”ื™ื• ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ื‘ืœื•ืง. ื›ืžื” ื”ื™ื ื”ื•ืจืกืช

ื“ื ื™ืืœ ื’ืจื™ื ื‘ืจื’ ื”ืขื“ื™ืคื” ืœื”ืชืจื—ืง ืžื”ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืคืจื™ื“ื” ืžืื™ื™ืœ ื’ื•ืœืŸ ื•ื ืกืขื” ืœื”ืชื—ื›ืš ืงืฆืช ื‘ื’ืœืื ืฉืœ ืขื™ืจ ื”ืื•ืจื•ืช. ื’ืจื™ื ื‘ืจื’ ื”ื’ื™ืขื” ืœืฉื‘ื•ืข ื”ืื•ืคื ื” ื‘ืคืจื™ื– ื‘ืžื‘ื—ืจ ืœื•ืงื™ื ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ืฉื›ื—ื™ื. ืžืฉืžืœื” ืฉื—ื•ืจื” ืงืœืืกื™ืช ื•ืขื“ ื˜ื•ื˜ืืœ ืœื•ืง ื•ืจื•ื“ ื”ื•ืจืก. ื›ืœ ื”ืœื•ืงื™ื, ื›ืœ ื”ืžื•ืชื’ื™ื

ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ "ื•ื•ื’ ืขื•ืœื" ื‘ืคืจื™ื– ื›ืœืœื• ืชืฆื•ื’ืช ืื•ืคื ื” ืžืฉื•ื’ืขืช ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ, ืฉื”ื™ื•ื•ืชื” ืžืขื™ืŸ ื˜ืงืก ืคืชื™ื—ื” ืืœื˜ืจื ื˜ื™ื‘ื™ ืœืื•ืœื™ืžืคื™ืื“ื” ืฉืชื—ืœ ืฉื ื‘ืขื•ื“ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ. ืงื™ื™ื˜ื™ ืคืจื™ ื—ื’ื’ื” ืืช ื”ืื™ื™ื˜ื™ื– ื•ืืช ืขื ืฃ ืืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืœื—ื™ืžื” ื‘ืืื•ื˜ื˜ืคื™ื˜ ืื•ื•ื ื’ืจื“ื™ ื•ืคืจื•ื‘ื•ืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™, ืกื‘ืจื™ื ื” ืงืจืคื ื˜ืจ ืฉื—ื–ืจื” ืืช ื”ืžืฆืืช ื”ื‘ื™ืงื™ื ื™ ื•ื›ื•ื›ื‘ืช "ืืžื™ืœื™ ื‘ืคืจื™ื–" ื”ื“ื’ื™ืžื” ืื™ืš ื‘ืืžืช ืœื•ื‘ืฉื•ืช ื—ืœื™ืคืช ืขื•ืฆืžื”

ื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื”ืœื‘ืฉื” ื”ืชื—ืชื•ื ื” ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื’ืžืจื™ ืงื•ืจื” ื•ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื‘ืจ ืจืคืืœื™ ืœื‘ืฉื” ืฉืžืœืช ืกืœื™ืค ืฉื—ื•ืจื” ืฉื”ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื›ื•ืชื ืช ืœื™ืœื”, ื”ื’ื™ืข ืชื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ื˜ืœื™ื” ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื”. ื”ืคืขื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื‘ื’ื“ ื’ื•ืฃ ืœืœื ื‘ืจื–ืœื™ื ื•ืœืœื ืจื™ืคื•ื“ ืฉื ื•ืขื“ ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืœื—ื˜ื‘ ืžืชื—ืช ืœื‘ื’ื“ื™ื. ืชื•ื“ื• ืฉื–ื• ื™ืฆื™ืื” ืžืคืชื™ืขื” ื•ืžืขื•ืœื”. ืื”ื‘ื ื• ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ

ืื ื™ืฉ ืžื™ืฉื”ื™ ืฉื”ื™ื ื’ืื•ื ื” ืฉื™ื•ื•ืงื™ืช ื”ื™ื ื ื˜ืข ืืœื—ืžื™ืกื˜ืจ. ืœืฆื™ืœื•ืžื™ื ืœืงืžืคื™ื™ืŸ ื—ื“ืฉ ืœื—ื™ืžืจ ืฉื™ืขืจ ืฉืœื”, ื”ื™ื ืœื‘ืฉื” ื‘ื’ื“ ื™ื ื‘ืฆื‘ืข ืฉื•ืงื•ืœื“ ื”ื™ืกื˜ืจื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ืชื’ ืฉืœื” ื‘ื ื ื”ื•ื˜. ืขืœ ื”ืกื˜, ื ื˜ืข ื’ื ืžืฆืื” ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ืžืงื•ืจื™ ืœืงื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื–ื’ืŸ ื•ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืงืจื“ื™ื“ื’ืŸ ื”ื™ื ืœื‘ืฉื” ื—ืฆืื™ืช ืžื™ื ื™ ื”ื•ืจืกืช ืฉื”ืคืชื™ืขื” ืื•ืชื ื•

ื ื•ืขื” ืงื™ืจืœ ื”ืฆื˜ืœืžื” ื‘ื˜ื•ืค ืกื˜ืจืคืœืก ืžืคื•ืกืœ, ืฉื–ื” ืคืจื™ื˜ ืžืœื”ื™ื‘ ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ืขืฆืžื•, ืื‘ืœ ื”ื—ืฆืื™ืช ื™ื“ื™ื™ื ืฉื—ื•ื‘ืงืช ืืช ืžื•ืชื ื™ื”, ื”ื™ื ื’ื•ืœืช ื”ื›ื•ืชืจืช ืฉืœ ื”ืœื•ืง. ื”ื™ืฆื™ืจื” ื”ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื” ื”ื–ืืช ื”ื™ื ืชื•ืฆืื” ืฉืœ ื”ื“ืคืกืช ืชืœืช ืžื™ืžื“ ื•ื–ื” ืื—ื“ ื”ืœื•ืงื™ื ื”ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืจืขื ื ื™ื ืฉื ื•ืขื” ืœื‘ืฉื” ืื™ ืคืขื

ืœื ืฉืขื“ ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื”ื™ื ื—ืกื›ื” ืžื”ืขื•ืœื ืืช ื”ืกื˜ื™ื™ืœ ื”ื”ืจื™ื•ื ื™ ื”ืžื•ืฉืœื ืฉืœื”, ืื‘ืœ ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื”ื™ื™ืœื™ ื‘ื™ื‘ืจ ืžื˜ื™ืœื” ืคืฆืฆืช ืจื™ื”ืื ื” ื•ื™ื•ืฆืืช ื‘ืœื•ืง ืกื•ืคืจ ื”ืจื™ื•ื ื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ื’ื ืกื•ืคืจ-ืžื’ื” ืกืงืกื™. ื‘ื™ื ืชื™ื™ื, ื”ืื‘ ืœืขืชื™ื“ ื’'ืกื˜ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื‘ืจ ืžืกืชื•ื‘ื‘ ืœืฆื“ื” ื›ื”ืจื’ืœื• ื‘ืืื•ื˜ืคื™ื˜ ืชืžื•ื” ืฉืžืขืกื™ืง ืืช ื”ืžื’ื™ื‘ื™ื

ืขื•ืžืจื™ ืœื•ื–ื•ืŸ, ื”ื‘ืŸ ืฉืœ ืขืžื•ืก, ื”ืชื—ืชืŸ ื‘ืกื•ืคืฉ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืžืขืฆื‘ืช ืžืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืืฉื™ ื‘ื—ืชื•ื ืช ืขื ืง. ืื—ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื—ืชืŸ, ืื•ืจ ืœื•, ื”ื—ืœื™ืคื” ืœื ืคื—ื•ืช ืžืฉืœื•ืฉ ืฉืžืœื•ืช ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืื™ืจื•ืข. ื›ื–ื” ืขื•ื“ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืœื ื•

ื‘ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ืื’ื ื‘ื•ื—ื‘ื•ื˜ ื”ื•ืชืงืคื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžืขืจื™ืฅ ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื”ื•ืคื™ืขื” ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืžื”, ืื‘ืœ ืžืžืฉ ื‘ืœื™ ืฉื•ื ืฉื•ื ืงืฉืจ ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ื—ืžื™ื ืœื” ืขืœ ื”ืœื•ืง ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ืฉืœื‘ืฉื”. ื”ืคืขื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื’ืณื™ื ืก ื‘ื”ื™ืจ ืฉื ืจืื” ื‘ื’ื™ืžื•ืจ ืžื˜ืืœื™ ื•ื˜ื•ืค ืžื—ื•ืš ืžืคื•ืกืœ ื‘ื’ื•ื•ืŸ ื›ื—ื•ืœ ืฉืžื’ื™ืข ืžืื—ื“ ื”ืžื•ืชื’ื™ื ื”ื›ื™ ืงื•ืœื™ื ื›ืจื’ืข ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืื•ืคื ื”. ืื”ื‘ื ื• ื‘ืจืžื•ืช

ื›ืœ ืื™ืฉื” ืขื ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœื›ืกืฃ ื•ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื•ืช ืžืœื•ื›ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ืชืœื‘ืฉ ื”ื™ื˜ื‘, ืื‘ืœ ืœื ืœื›ืœ ืื™ืฉื” ื™ืฉ ืกื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืžื•ืœื“ ืฉืžืงืจื™ืŸ ืžื”ืคื ื™ื ืœื—ื•ืฅ. ืœื“ื™ืื ื” ื”ื™ื” ืืช ื–ื”, ื•ืœืœื˜ื™ืกื™ื” ืžืœื›ืช ืกืคืจื“ ื’ื, ืžื” ืฉืžืืคืฉืจ ืœื” ืœืœื‘ื•ืฉ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืื•ื“ ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื ืžืจืฉืชื•ืช ืื•ืคื ื” ื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื”ื™ืจืื•ืช ืžืœื›ื•ืชื™ืช. ื”ืคืขื, ืœื˜ื™ืกื™ื” ื‘ื—ืจื” ื‘ื—ืฆืื™ืช ืคืœื™ืกื” ืฉืœ ื”ืจืฉืช ื”ืกืคืจื“ื™ืช ืฉื’ื•ืจืžืช ืœื ื• ืœืจื•ืฅ ืœื—ืคืฉ ื‘ืืจื•ืŸ ืื™ืคื” ืฉืžื ื• ืืช ื”ื—ืฆืื™ืช ืฉืœื ื•

ื”ืคืคืจืืฆื™ ื”ืฉืชื’ืขื• ื›ืฉื ื•ืœื“ื” ื•ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ื’ื™ืœ 4 ื”ื™ื ื”ื•ืคื™ืขื” ื‘ืžื’ื–ื™ื ื™ ืื•ืคื ื”, ื•ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื‘ืชื ืฉืœ ื˜ื•ื ืงืจื•ื– ื•ืงื™ื™ื˜ื™ ื”ื•ืœืžืก ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ืช 18. ืœืžืกื™ื‘ืช ืกื™ื•ื ื”ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื” ื‘ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง ื”ื™ื ืœื‘ืฉื” ืฉืžืœืช ืžื—ื•ืš ื‘ืกื’ื ื•ืŸ ืฉื ื•ืช ื”-2000, ื•ื ืจืืชื” ื™ืคื”ืคื™ื™ื” (ื•ื“ื•ืžื” ืžืชืžื™ื“ ืœืืžื”)

ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื‘ืฉื ื” ืฉืขื‘ืจื” ื•ื™ืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื‘ืงื”ืื ื”ืขื™ื“ื” ื›ื™ ืœืžืจื•ืช ื›ืฉืจื•ื ื” ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ืฉืœ ื‘ืชื”, ื”ืืจืคืจ ืกื‘ืŸ, ื‘ืžืœืื›ืช ื”ืื™ืคื•ืจ, ื”ื™ื ืื™ื ื” ืžืจืฉื” ืœื” ืœืฆืืช ืžื”ื‘ื™ืช ืžืื•ืคืจืช, ื ื“ืžื” ื›ื™ ื’ื™ืœ ื”ื”ืชื‘ื’ืจื•ืช ืขื•ืฉื” ืืช ืฉืœื•, ื•ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืงื™ื“ื•ื ื’'ืœ ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœื”, ื”ื™ื ื’ื ื ื•ืชื ืช ืœื“ื•ืจ ื”ื”ืžืฉืš ื™ื“ ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ืช ื‘ื”ืชื ืกื•ืช ื‘ื• ื‘ืจืฉืชื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื•ืช. ื•ื›ืžื” ื”ื™ื ื™ืคื”

ืžืœื™ ืœื•ื™ ื ืจืืชื” ื ืคืœื ื‘ื˜ื•ื˜ืืœ-ืœื•ืง ืœื‘ืŸ, ื”ื›ื•ืœืœ ืžื›ื ืกื™ื™ื ืœื‘ื ื™ื ื‘ื’ื–ืจื” ืžื—ื•ื™ื˜ืช ื•ื—ื•ืœืฆื” ืฉืงื•ืคื”. ืืช ื”ืœื•ืง ืกื’ืจื• ืขื’ื™ืœื™ื ืขื“ื™ื ื™ื ื•ืกื ื“ืœื™ ืจืฆื•ืขื•ืช ืฉื”ืฉืœื™ืžื•, ื’ื ื”ื, ืœื•ืง ืื‘ื™ื‘ื™ ืžืชื•ื—ื›ื ื•ืœื ืžืชืœื”ื. ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืฉืœื ืœืื”ื•ื‘ ืืช ืžืœื™

ืžืื™ื” ื•ืจื˜ื”ื™ื™ืžืจ ื”ื”ืจื™ื•ื ื™ืช ื ืจืืชื” ืžื“ื”ื™ื ื‘ืฉืžืœืช ืžืฉื™, ื’ืœ ื’ื‘ืจืขื ื”ืชืงืฉื˜ื” ื‘ืชื—ืจื”, ืœื™ืจืŸ ื›ื•ื”ื ืจ ื ืฆื ืฆื” ืœืžืจื—ืงื™ื ื•ื“ื ื™ืช ื’ืจื™ื ื‘ืจื’ ืœืงื—ื” ืืช ืงื•ื“ ื”ืœื‘ื•ืฉ ืขื“ ื”ืกื•ืฃ. ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืœื‘ืฉื• ื”ืื•ืจื—ื•ืช ื‘ื—ืชื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ืœื™ืืœ ืืœื™ ื•ืฉื™ ืขืžืจ

ื”ืžื•ืชื’ "ืกืงื™ืžืก" ืฉืœ ืงื™ื ืงืจื“ืฉื™ืืŸ ืžืฆืœื™ื— ืœืงืœื•ืข ื‘ื•ืœ ื›ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื’ื–ืจื•ืช ืžื—ืžื™ืื•ืช, ืื‘ืœ ื›ืœ ืืœื” ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืฉื•ื•ื™ื ื›ืœื•ื ื‘ืœื™ ื”ืงืžืคื™ื™ื ื™ื ื”ืžื‘ืจื™ืงื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ืชื’. ื”ืคืขื, ืงื™ื ื‘ื—ืจื” ื‘ื ื™ืงื•ืœื” ืงื•ืœื›ืŸ, ืฉืจื•ื‘ื ื• ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืจ ืคื ืœื•ืคื™ ืžืดื‘ืจื™ื“ื’ืณืจื˜ื•ืŸืด. ื”ื ืขืฉื• ื‘ื—ื•ื›ืžื” ื›ืฉืฉื™ื“ื›ื• ื‘ื™ื ื” ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืžืœื•ืช ื”ืžืงืกื™ ื”ื•ื•ื™ืจืืœื™ื•ืช ืžืงื•ืœืงืฆื™ื™ืช ืกื•ืคื˜ ืœืื•ื ื’ืณ, ืฉื™ื“ื•ืขื•ืช ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื”ืŸ ืžื—ืžื™ืื•ืช ืœื›ื•ืœืŸ