ืจืืฉื™ ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช FF

ืžืชื™ื• ื‘ืœื™ื™ื–ื™ ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืงืœืืกื™ืงื” ืฉืœ ืฉืื ืœ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื—ืœืœ ืืช ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื”ืืœื’ื ื˜ื™ื•ืช ื•ืœืฉื—ืจืจ ืืช ื”ืžื•ืชื’ ืœื—ื•ืคืฉื™. ื•ื’ื: ื”ื’ืŸ ื”ื™ืคื ื™ ืฉืœ ื“ื™ื•ืจ ื”ื•ื ื”ืžืงื•ื ื”ืฉืžื— ืฉืœื ื•, ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื”ืงื•ื˜ื•ืจ ืžืžืฆื™ื ืืช ื”ื ื•ืจื”, ื™ืฉ ืื™ื™ืงื•ืŸ ืื•ืคื ื” ื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ื•ื•ื™ืžื‘ืœื“ื•ืŸ, ื•ืงื‘ืœื• ืืช ื”ืชื™ืง ื”ื›ื™ ืงืจื“ืฉื™ืื ื™ ืฉืื™ ืคืขื ื ื•ืฆืจ. ืื”, ื•ืืจืœื™ื ื’ ื”ืืœืื ื“ ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ืฆืœื™ื— ืœื”ืฉืชื—ืœ ืœื›ืืŸ - ื”ืคืขื ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ื’ื•ืžื™ื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ืขืจ ื”ืงื•ืจื™ืื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื•. ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช, ืฉืืœื•ืช ื•ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ืขืœ ืžื” ืฉืงืจื” ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืื•ืคื ื”

ื’'ื ื™ืคืจ ืœื•ืคื– ื”ืฉืื™ืจื” ืืช ื”ืคืœื˜ื” ื”ืฆื‘ืขื•ื ื™ืช ื‘ืืจื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื•ื›ื™ื—ื” ืฉืฉื—ื•ืจ-ืœื‘ืŸ, ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ื ืขืฉื” ื‘ืงืคื™ื“ื”, ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ืœื ืคื—ื•ืช ื“ืจืžื”. ืขื ืฉื•ืจืช ืœื•ืงื™ื ืžื‘ืชื™ ืื•ืคื ื” ื ื—ืฉืงื™ื ื”ื™ื ืกื™ืคืงื” ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื‘ืกื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืžืชื•ื—ื›ื ื•ืกืงืกื™, ื•ื”ืฉืื™ืจื” ืื•ืชื ื• ืขื ื—ืฉืง ืœืืงืกืกื•ืจื™ ื”ื›ื™ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื•ืงืœ ืœื™ื™ืฉื•ื: ืคืคื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื—ื•ืจ ื‘ืฉื™ืขืจ

ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืื™ื ืกืคื•ืจ ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื•ืช ืคื•ื˜ื•ื’ื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืืจืฅ ื•ืžื—ื•ืฆื” ืœื” ืžืชื•ืขื“ื•ืช ื‘ืœื™ื•ื•ื™ ื‘ื™ืงื™ื ื™ ืงื˜ื ื˜ื ื™ื, ื”ืžืขืฆื‘ืช ื•ืืฉืช ื”ืื•ืคื ื”, ืืชื™ ืงื•ื‘ื•, ืืจื–ื” ืœื—ื•ืคืฉื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืฉืœื” ืฉื ื™ ื“ื’ืžื™ื ืฉืคืฉื•ื˜ ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื—ืฉืง ืœื•ื•ืืŸ-ืคื™ืกื™ื. ืงื•ื‘ื• ืžื•ื›ื™ื—ื” ืฉืืช ืžืžืฉ ืœื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืขื ื‘ื™ืงื™ื ื™ ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืœื”ื™ืจืื•ืช ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืœืจ

ื”ืฉื—ืงื ื™ืช ื‘ืช ื”-50 ืžืฆืœื™ื—ื” ืื™ื›ืฉื”ื• ืœื’ื ื•ื‘ ืืช ื”ืคื•ืงื•ืก ืžื—ื‘ืจื•ืชื™ื” ืœืงืืกื˜ ื”ืžืคื•ืืจ ืฉืœ "ื”ืื•ื“ื™ืกืื”", ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื›ื™ ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื•ืจื™ื“ ืžืžื ื” ืืช ื”ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื. ื‘ืฉืชื™ ืฉืžืœื•ืช ืงื˜ื™ืคื” ืขื ืฉืกืข ืขืžื•ืง, ื‘ืฉื•ืจื˜ืก ื•ื‘ืœื™ื™ื–ืจ, ื‘ืชืžื•ื ืช ื˜ื•ืคืœืก ืืงืกื˜ืจื” ืœื•ื”ื˜ืช - ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืื™ืฉื” ื”ื›ื™ ืžืจื”ื™ื‘ื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื›ืจื’ืข

ื“ื ื™ืืœ ื’ืจื™ื ื‘ืจื’ ื ื™ืฆืœื” ืืช ื—ื•ืคืฉืช ื”ืงื™ืฅ ืฉืœื” ื‘ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืชืžืกืจ ืœืฉืงื˜ ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื (ื•ืœืฉื™ื–ื•ืฃ ื”ืขืžื•ืง). ื‘ื’ื–ืจืช ืžืœืชื—ืช ื”ื—ื•ืฃ ื’ืจื™ื ื‘ืจื’ ื ืฆืžื“ื” ืœืฉื ื™ ืกื’ื ื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ื•ืœื˜ื™ื: ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ื”ื ื”ื•ื ืœื•ืง ืžื•ื ื•ื›ืจื•ืžื˜ื™ ื”ืžื‘ื•ืกืก ืขืœ ื‘ื™ืงื™ื ื™ ืžืฉื•ืœืฉื™ื ืฉื—ื•ืจ ืกื•ืคืจ ืžื—ืžื™ื ืฉื”ื’ื™ืข ืขื ืžื›ื ืกื™ ืงืจื•ืฉื” ื•ืื™ืœื• ื‘ื’ื“ ื”ื™ื ื”ืฉื ื™ ื”ื™ื” ื›ื‘ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื ื•ืขื– ื•ื—ื™ื™ืชื™. ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ื™ื ืื•ื”ื‘ืช

ืงื•ืจืื™ื ืœื” ืื™ื–ื‘ืœ ื”ืื•ื’ืกื ื’ ื™ื•ื”ืื ืกืŸ, ื”ื™ื ื’ื“ืœื” ืื™ืชื• ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืขื™ืจ ื•ืื•ืชื• ืžื•ืขื“ื•ืŸ ื›ื“ื•ืจื’ืœ, ืื‘ืœ ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืื™ืชื• ืจืง ืœืคื ื™ ื—ืžืฉ ืฉื ื™ื. ืžืื– ื›ื‘ืจ ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ื™ืœื“ ื‘ืŸ ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื, ื•ื”ืื™ื ืกื˜ื’ืจื ืฉืœื” ืœื ืจืง ืžืกืคืง ื”ืฆืฆื” ืฆืžื•ื“ื” ืžื”ื™ืฆื™ืข ืืœ ื”ืชื•ืคืขื” ืฉืฉืžื” ืืจืœื™ื ื’ ื”ืืœืื ื“, ืืœื ื’ื ืืœ ื”ืกื˜ื™ื™ืœ ื”ืžืชื”ื•ื•ื” ืฉืœ ืžื™ ืฉืจื•ื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื” ืœื‘ืฉื” ืžื“ื™ ื›ื“ื•ืจื’ืœ ื•ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืžืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืฉืจืืช ืื•ืคื ื” ืžื”ื ืกื™ื›ื” ื“ื™ืื ื” ื•ืงื ื“ืœ ื’'ื ืจ

ืื™ืš ืœื‘ืœื•ื˜ ื‘ืื™ืจื•ืข ืกืœื‘ืก ืขื ืฉืžืœื” ืื—ืช ื‘ืœื‘ื“? ืฉื™ืจ ืืœืžืœื™ื— ืœื ื”ืฉืื™ืจื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืงื•ื ืœื“ืžื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืฉืžืœืช ืœื•ืจืงืก ืžื ืฆื ืฆืช ื‘ื’ื–ืจื” ืฆืžื•ื“ื” ืœื’ื•ืฃ. ืื‘ืœ ื”ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืกื˜ ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ ืฉื”ื•ืคืš ืืช ื”ืฉืžืœื” ื”ื–ื• ืœืœื ืฉื’ืจืชื™ืช ื‘ืขืœื™ืœ, ื”ื•ื ืฉืกืข ืืจื•ืš ืฉื ืžืชื— ืžืœืžื˜ื” ืขื“ ืœืžืขืœื”

ืื™ืŸ ืžื™ืฉื”ื™ ืฉืื•ื”ื‘ืช ืืช ื”ืงื™ืฅ ื‘ื‘ื’ื“ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื‘ืจ ืจืคืืœื™. ื”ื“ื•ื’ืžื ื™ืช ื•ืืฉืช ื”ืขืกืงื™ื ืืจื–ื” ืœื—ื•ืคืฉืช ื”ืงื™ืฅ ืฉืœื” ืžื‘ื—ืจ ืœื•ืงื™ื ืœื™ื ื•ื–ื” ื›ื•ืœืœ ื‘ื™ืงื™ื ื™: ืžืฉื•ืœืฉื™ื ืงื˜ื ื˜ืŸ ื‘ืคืจื™ื ื˜ ืžื ื•ืžืจ ื•ื‘ื’ื“ ื™ื ืฉืœื ื‘ื’ื•ื•ืŸ ื™ืจื•ืง ืขืžื•ืง ืขื ื˜ื‘ืขืช ืžื•ื‘ื ื™ืช ื‘ืื™ื–ื•ืจ ื”ื—ื–ื”. ืื‘ืœ ื ื“ืžื” ืฉืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื›ืœ ื‘ื’ื“ ื”ื™ื, ื”ื™ื ืืจื–ื” ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืžืฆื‘ ืจื•ื— ื˜ื•ื‘ ืฉืœ ืžื™ืฉื”ื™ ืฉืžืื“ ื ื”ื ื™ืช ื‘ื—ื•ืคืฉื” ืขื ื”ื‘ืขืœ ื‘ื—ื•ืฃ ื”ื™ื

ืืชืžื•ืœ ื”ื™ื” ื™ื•ื ืžืจื’ืฉ ืœืžื“ื™ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื™ืคื”ืคื™ื” ื‘ืช ื”-41, ืฉื—ื’ื’ื” ื‘ืคืจืžื™ื™ืจืช ื”ืกืจื˜ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ื›ื™ื›ื•ื‘ื”, "ื—ื™ื ื” ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ืช". ืœืจื’ืœ ื”ืžืขืžื“ ื”ื™ื ืœื‘ืฉื” ืฉืžืœื” ืžื•ืฆืœื—ืช ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“, ืฉืœ ืžื•ืชื’ ื™ืฉืจืืœื™, ืฉื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื˜ืจื ื“ื™ืช ื•ืœื•ื”ื˜ืช ืื‘ืœ ื’ื ืงืœืืกื™ืช ื•ืขืœ-ื–ืžื ื™ืช

ื”ื ื›ื“ื” ื”ืคื™ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื˜ื™ืช ืฉืœ ืžืฉืคื—ืช ื˜ืจืืžืค ื—ื’ื’ื” ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข ืœืฆื“ ืกื‘ื” ื”ืžืคื•ืจืกื. ืงืื™ ื‘ืช ื”-19 ื”ืœื›ื” ืขืœ ืงื•ืžื‘ื• ื”ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ ืžื•ื•ืกื˜ ืžื›ื•ืคืชืจ ื•ื›ื”ื” ื•ื—ืฆืื™ืช ืžื™ื ื™ ืœื‘ื ื” ื•ืงื˜ื ื˜ื ื”. ืœืœื•ืง ื”ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ื”ื™ื ืฆื™ืจืคื” ืืงืกืกื•ืจื™ื– ืฉืœ ืžื•ืชื’ ืขืœ ื›ื™ ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช. ืื ืœื ื”ื™ื, ืื– ืžื™?

ืจืง ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืžื” ืฉืขื•ืช ื”ืชืœื”ื‘ื ื• ืžืžื ื” ื‘ืœื•ืง ืžื—ื•ื™ื˜ ืื•ืคื™ื™ื ื™, ื•ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื ืกื™ื›ืช ื•ื™ื™ืœืก ืฉื•ื‘ ืžื”ืžืžืช ืื•ืชื ื• - ืื‘ืœ ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืื—ืจ ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ. ืกื“ืจื” ืฉืœ ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ืžืฉืคื—ืชื™ื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืืžื ื ืžื•ืฉื›ืช ืชืฉื•ืžืช ืœื‘ ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืœืงืคื™ืฆืช ื”ื’ื•ื‘ื” ื”ืžืจืฉื™ืžื” ืฉืœ ื”ื ืกื™ืš ื’'ื•ืจื’', ืื‘ืœ ืื™ืŸ ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ ืœื”ืชืขืœื ืžืžื” ืฉืงื™ื™ื˜ ืœื•ื‘ืฉืช ืฉื

ื™ืขืœ ืฉืœื‘ื™ื” ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื” ืœืกืคืง ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ ื›ืฉื”ื™ื ืžืœื•ื•ื” ืืช ื”ื‘ื•ื™ืคืจื ื“, ืœืื ืก ืกื˜ืจื•ืœ, ื‘ืžืกืœื•ืœ ื”ืžืจื•ืฆื™ื ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ื”. ืฉืœื‘ื™ื” ืคื™ืฆื—ื” ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ืืช ืงื•ื“ ื”ืœื‘ื•ืฉ ื”ืžืืชื’ืจ ืฉืœ ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ ื”ืืœืคื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ, ื•ื‘ื—ืจื” ื‘ืœื•ืง ืœื ืžืชืืžืฅ, ืื‘ืœ ืกื•ืคืจ ืงื•ื”ืจื ื˜ื™, ืžืขื•ื“ื›ืŸ ื•ืงื™ืฆื™ ืฉืœ ืื—ื“ ื”ืžื•ืชื’ื™ื ื”ื›ื™ ื ื—ืฉืงื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ. ื•ื›ืŸ, ื™ืฉ ืื•ืชื• ื’ื ื‘ืืจืฅ

ื‘ืฉื™ืื• ืฉืœ ื’ืœ ื”ื—ื•ื ื”ืื™ืจื•ืคืื™, ื”ื ืกื™ื›ื” ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ื•ื›ื™ื—ื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื™ืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ื“ืจื›ื• ืฉืœ ืืื•ื˜ืคื™ื˜ ืžื•ืฆืœื—. ื”ื™ื ื”ื’ื™ืขื” ืœื˜ื•ืจื ื™ืจ ื•ื•ื™ืžื‘ืœื“ื•ืŸ ื‘ื—ืœื™ืคื” ื›ื—ื•ืœื” ืžืขื•ืœื” (ื‘ืžื—ื™ืจ ืžื•ืคืงืข ืœืžื“ื™), ืื‘ืœ ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื”ืขื’ื™ืœื™ื ืฉื‘ื—ืจื” ื’ื ื‘ื• ืืช ื”ื”ืฆื’ื”

ืœืจื’ืœ ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ ื”- 4 ื‘ื™ื•ืœื™ ื—ื’ื’ื” ืื™ื•ื•ื ืงื” ื˜ืจืืžืค ืœืฆื“ ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ืงืจื•ื‘, ืื™ืฉ ื”ืขืกืงื™ื ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ืžื™ื™ืงืœ ืจื•ื‘ื™ืŸ, ื‘ื‘ื™ืชื• ื”ืžื˜ื•ืจืฃ ื‘ื”ืžืคื˜ื•ื ืก. ื”ืื™ืจื•ืข ื”ื ื•ืฆืฅ ื”ื–ื” ืžื•ืฉืš ืืœื™ื• ืžื“ื™ ืฉื ื” ืžื™ืงืก ืžื˜ื•ืจืฃ ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ ืขืกืงื™ื, ืกืคื•ืจื˜ืื™ ืขืœ, ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงืื™ื ื•ืื™ื™-ืœื™ืกื˜ืจื™ื, ื›ื•ืœื ื‘ืงื•ื“ ืœื‘ื•ืฉ ืœื‘ืŸ ื•ืงืคื“ื ื™. ื˜ืจืืžืค ืฉืœืคื” ืœืื™ืจื•ืข ืฉืžืœื” ืžื—ืฉื•ืฃ ืงื“ืžื™ ืžื˜ื•ืจืคืช, ื ืขืœื™ ืขืงื‘ ื•ืชื™ืง ืงืœืืฅ' ืฉื’ื ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืงื ื•ืช ืื•ืชื•

ื”ืฉื—ืงื ื™ืช ื ื™ื‘ ืกื•ืœื˜ืŸ ืžื“ื’ื™ืžื” ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžื•ืฉืœืžืช ื”ืฉืจืื•ืช ืžืœืื•ืช ืกื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืœืงื™ืฅ. ื–ื” ื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืขื ื ื’ื™ืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื“ื•ื ืœื•ื”ื˜ ืขื‘ืจ ืœืฉืžืœืช ื›ืชืคื™ื•ืช ืขื ืžื—ืฉื•ืฃ ืžืจืฉืช ืžื•ื›ืจืช ื•ืื™ืš ืืคืฉืจ ื‘ืœื™ ื”ืืงืกืกื•ืจื™ื– ืžื‘ื™ืช ื”ื™ื•ืฆืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื—ืงื ื™ืช ืฉืžืงืคื™ืฆื™ื ื›ืœ ืœื•ืง. ืื™ืŸ ืžื” ืœื”ื’ื™ื“, ื™ืฉ ืœื” ืืช ื–ื”