ื‘ื’ื“ ื—ื™ื ื” ื›ื–ื” ืขื•ื“ ืœื ืจืื™ื ื•: ื“ื ื” ืฉื ื˜ื•ื‘ ื—ื•ื’ื’ืช ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื—ืชื•ื ื”

ื”ืงื™ืฅ ื”ืœื•ื”ื˜ ื”ื•ื ื”ืขื•ื ื” ื”ืžื•ืฉืœืžืช ืœืจื™ืขื ื•ืŸ ื”ืœื•ืง, uื’ื ื”ืื™ื˜-ื’ื™ืจืœ ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื” ืœื ืฆืœ ืืช ื”ืžื•ืžื ื˜ื•ื. ื”ื™ื ื ืคืจื“ื” ืžื”ืžืจืื” ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ืฉืืœื™ื• ื”ืชืจื’ืœื ื• ื•ื”ืœื›ื” ืขืœ ื‘ืœื•ื ื“ ื‘ื”ื™ืจ ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“, ืขืœื™ื• ืื—ืจืื™ ืžื™ืงื™ ื‘ื•ื’ื ื™ื. ืžื” ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืชื•ืฆืื”?

ื—ืฆืื™ืช ืžื˜ื•ืจืคืช ืœืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื, ืกื•ืžืง ื ื•ื–ืœื™ ืกื•ืคืจ ืื™ื›ื•ืชื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ื’ื ืฉืคืชื•ืŸ, ื’'ื™ื ืก ื-ืกื™ืžื˜ืจื™, ื‘ื•ืฉื ืฉืžื™ ืฉื™ื•ื“ืข - ื™ื•ื“ืข, ืกื˜ืจื™ืคื™ื ืœื”ืœื‘ื ืช ืฉื™ื ื™ื™ื, ืžืฉืงืคื™ ืฉืžืฉ ืžื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ื‘ื ื™ ืงื™ื™ืžื ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ื’ื•ืคื™ื™ื” ืžื”ื‘ื“ ื”ื›ื™ ื ืขื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ื•ืกื‘ื•ืŸ ืฉืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืจื™ื— ื”ื•ื ืžืžืฉ ืคืจื™ื˜ ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ื™. ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืช ืœืฉื•ืคื™ื ื’

ื”ืฉืชื™ื™ื, ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื™ืขืœ ื’ื•ืœื“ืžืŸ ื•ืœื™ืจื•ืŸ ื•ื™ืฆืžืŸ, ืœืงื—ื• ื”ืคืกืงื” ืžื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืจื™ื–ื•ืจื˜ ื™ื•ืงืจืชื™. ื”ื™ื• ืฉื ืฉืœืœ ืœื•ืงื™ื ืžืœืื™ ื”ืฉืจืื” ืœืขื•ื ื” ื”ื—ืžื”, ื›ื•ืœืœ ื›ืžื” ื‘ื’ื“ื™ ื™ื ืžืขื•ืœื™ื ืชื•ืฆืจืช ื”ืืจืฅ ืœืฆื“ ืคืจื™ื˜ื™ื ืฉืœ ื‘ืชื™ ืื•ืคื ื” ื™ื•ืงืจืชื™ื™ื

ืื™ื–ื• ืคื“ื™ื—ื” ื”ื™ื ืœื ืชืฉื›ื— ืžื”ืฆื™ืœื•ืžื™ื, ืื™ื–ื” ืžื•ืชื’ ื”ื™ื ื—ื•ืœืžืช ืฉื™ื’ื™ืข ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืื™ืš ืœื’ืžืจื™ ื”ืฉืชื ืชื” ืœื” ื”ืชืคื™ืกื” ื”ืื•ืคื ืชื™ืช? ืจืื™ื•ืŸ ืœืœื ืคื™ืœื˜ืจื™ื (ื”ื™ื ื’ื ื›ื›ื” ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ืžื” ื–ื”) ืขื ื ื™ื‘ ืืจื’ื•ื‘ ืž"ื—ืชื•ื ื” ืžืžื‘ื˜ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ"

ื›ืคื›ืคื™ ื”ืืฆื‘ืข ื”ืื”ื•ื‘ื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ืœื™ื ืืช ื”ื‘ื•ื”ืŸ, ืœื™ื˜ืจืœื™, ื‘ืžื—ื•ื–ื•ืช "ื”ื ืขืœ ื”ืžื›ื•ืขืจืช" ื•ืžืฉื™ืงื™ื ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื” ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉื›ื•ื‘ืฉ ืืช ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื”ืื•ืคื ื” ื‘ืงื•ืคื ื”ื’ืŸ ื•ืžืขื•ืจืจ ืชื’ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื•ืช - ืž"ื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืื•ืชื ื‘ื“ื—ื™ืคื•ืช!" ื•ืขื“ "ืื• ืœื, ืื ื™ ืžืžืฉ ืœื ื”ื•ืœื›ืช ืœื”ื›ื ื™ืก ืืช ื”ื‘ื•ื”ืŸ ืฉืœื™ ืœื›ื™ืกื•ื™ ื”ื›ืขื•ืจ ื”ื–ื”"

ืฉืชื™ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ืงื• ืืžืฉ ืฉืช"ืค ื—ื“ืฉ ืœืžื•ืชื’ื™ื ืฉืœื”ืŸ ื‘ืื™ืจื•ืข ืžืœื ืกื˜ื™ื™ืœ. ื”ืื—ืช ื”ืคืชื™ืขื” ืขื ื’ื•ืคื™ื™ืช ื‘ื™ื™ืกื™ืง, ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ื”ืœื›ื” ืขืœ ืžืจืื” ืงืฆืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื—ื•ื™ื˜ โ€“ ื•ืื– ื”ื’ื™ืขื” ื ื˜ืข ืืœื—ืžื™ืกื˜ืจ ื‘ืกื˜ ืขืฉื•ื™ ืชื—ืจื” ืฉืงื•ืคื”. ื›ืฉื”ืžืขืœื•ืช ืขื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืคืืฉื ื™ืกื˜ื•ืช ืžืชืขืœื•ืช ืขืœ ืขืฆืžืŸ

ืžื•ื ื™ืงื” ืœื•ื™ื ืกืงื™ ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืื—ืช ืžื”ื ืฉื™ื ื”ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจื•ืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื›ืฉื ืฉื™ื ืืจื”"ื‘ ืœืฉืขื‘ืจ, ื‘ื™ืœ ืงืœื™ื ื˜ื•ืŸ, ื”ื›ื—ื™ืฉ ืฉื ื™ื”ืœ ืื™ืชื” ืจื•ืžืŸ. ื”ื™ื•ื, ื‘ื’ื™ืœ 53, ื”ื™ื ืืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืกื˜ื™ืช ื•ืžื ื—ืช ืคื•ื“ืงืืกื˜ ืžืฆืœื™ื— ื•ืืžืจื™ืงื” ื”ืชืื”ื‘ื” ื‘ื” ืžื—ื“ืฉ. ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื›ืœ ื”ืขืฉื™ื™ื”, ื›ื•ืœื ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื›ืžื” ื˜ื•ื‘ ื”ื™ื ื ืจืื™ืช ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ืืœื•, ืขืœ ื”ืกื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืฉืœื” ื•ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื›ืžื” ื”ืฉื ื™ื ืขืฉื• ืœื” ื˜ื•ื‘

ื‘ืฉื™ืขืจ ืืกื•ืฃ ืื• ืคื–ื•ืจ, ืงืฉืช ื”ื–ื™ื’ื–ื’ ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืžืขื˜ืจืช ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืจืืฉื™ื ื‘ืฉื ื•ืช ื”-2000. ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืื•ืคื ื” ืžื™ื• ืžื™ื• ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ืœื”ืขืœื•ืช ืื•ืชื” ืžื”ืื•ื‘, ื•ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื™ืฉ ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ ืฉื ืจืื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืืช ื”ืฉื™ืขืจ ื”ืงื•ืคืฆื ื™ ืฉื ืœื•ื•ื” ืœืชื•ืคืขื”

ื™ืขืœ ืฉืœื‘ื™ื” ืื•ืœื™ ืœื ื ืจืื™ืช ื›ืžื• ืžื™ืฉื”ื™ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื” ืกื™ื‘ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื—ืกืจืช ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ, ืื‘ืœ ื”ืจืื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืงืฆืจ ืฉืœื” ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืกื™ืคืง ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื›ื ื” ื•ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ืช. ื›ื ืจืื” ืขื–ืจื” ื’ื ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉื”ื™ื ื ืชืคืกื” ืžืกืชื•ื‘ื‘ืช ื‘ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง ื‘ืœื•ืง ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ืจื™ืจื” ืืœื ืœื›ื ื•ืช "ืคืฆืฆืชื™", ื›ื•ืœืœ ืžื•ืคืข ืื ื“ืจ-ื‘ื•ื‘ ืžื•ืฉืœื

ื›ืœ ื”ืกืœื‘ืก ื”ืชื™ื™ืฆื‘ื• ืืชืžื•ืœ ืœื—ืชื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ืื•ืจ ืฉืคื™ืฅ. ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืžืจืืฉ ืฉื“ืจืก-ืงื•ื“ ื•ืจื•ื“ ื™ื”ื™ื” ื”ืžื•ื˜ื™ื‘ ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืขืจื‘, ืฉื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื‘ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ื‘ื—ืชื•ื ื”. ืœื ื›ื•ืœืŸ ื‘ื—ืจื• ืœืœื‘ื•ืฉ ื•ืจื•ื“, ืื‘ืœ ื’ื ืืœื” ืฉืœื ืœื‘ืฉื• ื•ืจื•ื“ ื”ืฉืงื™ืขื• ื‘ื˜ื™ืจื•ืฃ ื‘ืฉืžืœื•ืช ืขืจื‘ ืžืฉื’ืขื•ืช

ื”ื ื•ืกืขืช ื”ืžืชืžื™ื“ื” ื”ื—ื‘ื™ื‘ื” ืขืœื™ื ื• ืฉื•ืœื—ืช ืœื ื• ื”ืคืขื ื’ืœื•ื™ื” ืืงืกื˜ืจื” ืคื•ื˜ื•ื’ื ื™ืช ืžื”ืจื™ื‘ื™ื™ืจื” ื”ืฆืจืคืชื™ืช, ืฉื ื‘ื™ืœืชื” ืขืœ ืกื™ืคื•ืŸ ืกื™ืจื” ื‘ื™ื ื”ืคืชื•ื— ื›ืžื™ื˜ื‘ ื”ืžืกื•ืจืช ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ืช. ืื– ื”ื™ืขื“ ื•ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจื” ืืžื ื ืžืื•ื“ ื™ื•ืงืจืชื™ื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ืคืชืขื ื• ืœื’ืœื•ืช ืฉื”ื‘ื™ืงื™ื ื™ ื”ืžื•ืฉืœื ืฉืขืœื™ื” ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื”ื•ื’ืจืœ ืžืžืงื•ืจ ืžืื•ื“ ื ื’ื™ืฉ

ื”ืงื•ื ื“ื™ื˜ื•ืจื™ืช ืื•ืจ ืฉืคื™ืฅ ื”ืชื—ืชื ื” ืืชืžื•ืœ ื‘ื—ืชื•ื ื” ืฉืžื—ื” ื•ืžืœืืช ืกืœื‘ืก. ืฉืžืœืช ื”ื—ื•ืคื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืžืกื•ืจืชื™ืช ื•ื ืกื™ื›ื•ืชื™ืช, ืื‘ืœ ืื ื—ื ื• ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื”ื›ื™ ืื”ื‘ื ื• ืืช ื”ืฉืžืœื” ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ืฉื”ื‘ื™ืื” ืื™ืชื” ืฉื™ืง ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ ืขื ื”ืจื‘ื” ืชื—ืจื”, ื›ืชืคื™ื•ืช ืžืขื•ื˜ืจื•ืช ืคืจื—ื™ื ื•ื—ืœืง ืชื—ืชื•ืŸ ื‘ื’ื–ืจืช ื‘ืช ื”ื™ื. ืžื” ืฉื‘ื˜ื•ื—, ื”ื›ืœ ื”ื—ื•ื•ื™ืจ ืœืขื•ืžืช ื”ืขื•ื’ื” ื”ืžื˜ื•ืจืคืช ืฉืฉืคื™ืฅ ืืคืชื” ื‘ืขืฆืžื”

ื‘ืชื• ืฉืœ ื ืฉื™ื ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ื•ื”ืื™ืฉ ืฉืฉื•ืœื˜ ื‘ื’ื•ืจืœื ื• ื›ืจื’ืข, ื“ื•ื ืœื“ ื˜ืจืืžืค, ืœื ื ื•ืชื ืช ืœืืงืœื™ื ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ ื”ืžืชื•ื— ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ื“ืืžืค ื”ืงื™ืฅ ื”ืื™ื ืกื˜ื’ืจืžื™ ืฉืœื”: ืฉื ื”ื™ื ืžืฉื“ืจืช ืงืœื™ืœื•ืช ื›ืžืขื˜ ื ื’ื™ืฉื”, ื•ืื•ืคื ื” ื™ื•ืงืจืชื™ืช ืืš ืœื ืžื ืงืจืช ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื - ืžืฉืžืœืช ืžืฉื™ ืคืจื—ื•ื ื™ืช ื•ืขื“ ื‘ื™ืงื™ื ื™ ืžืฉื•ืœืฉื™ื ืงืœืืกื™, ื›ื•ืœืœ ืื™ืคื•ืจ ืคื ื™ื ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ

ื™ืžื™ื ืœื ืคืฉื•ื˜ื™ื ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ืขื“ืŸ ืคื™ื ืก ืฉืžืฆืื” ืืช ืขืฆืžื” ื‘ืžืจื›ื–ื” ืฉืœ ืกืขืจื” ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื“ื™ืžื•ื™ ื’ื•ืฃ, ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื“ื•ื’ืžื ื™ืช ื”ืขื™ืจื” ืœื” ืขืœ ืžืฉืงืœื”. ืขื“ืŸ ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื” ืœืขื ื•ืช ืœื” ื‘ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ื›ืฉื”ื™ื ืœื‘ื•ืฉื” ื‘ืกื˜ ืชื•ืื ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืœืฆื” ืฆืžื•ื“ื” ื•ืžื›ื ืกื™ ืงืคืจื™ ืฉื—ื•ืจื™ื ืขื ื ื’ื™ืขื•ืช ื ื™ืื•ื ื™ ื—ื–ืง. ืืช ื”ืœื•ืง ื”ืฉืœื™ืžื• ืชื™ืง ื‘ื™ืจืงื™ืŸ ืฉื—ื•ืจ ื•ื ืขืœื™ ืืฆื‘ืข. ื›ื›ื” ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืžืชืœื‘ืฉืช ืžืœื›ืช Y2K ืืžื™ืชื™ืช

ื”ืจืฉืช ื”ืฉื•ื•ื“ื™ืช ื”ืื”ื•ื‘ื” ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื” ืืช ื”ื”ืชืจื—ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช ืฉืœื”, ื•ืื—ืจื™ ื”ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ืฉืœ ืงื• ื”ื‘ื™ืฉื•ื, ืชืฉื™ืง ื›ืืŸ ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ ืืช ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื™ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื•ื˜ื™ ื‘ืžืœื•ืื”. ื”ื™ื ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืžื•ืฆืจื™ ืื™ืคื•ืจ, ื˜ื™ืคื•ื— ื•ืืงืกืกื•ืจื™ื– ื‘ื˜ื•ื•ื— ืžื—ื™ืจื™ื ืฉืœ 19-149 ืฉืงืœื™ื, ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ื“ืงื ื• ืžืงืจื•ื‘ ื›ืžื” ืœื”ื™ื˜ื™ื ืžื•ื‘ื˜ื—ื™ื