ืจืืฉื™ ื˜ืจื ื“ื™ื

ื›ื‘ืจ ืฉื ื™ื ืฉืขื•ืœื ื”ืื•ืคื ื” ืฉื•ืื‘ ืœื ืžืขื˜ ื”ืฉืจืื” ืžื“ืžื•ืชื” ื”ืื™ืงื•ื ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ืจื‘ื™, ืื‘ืœ ื›ืืŸ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืงืฉืจ ืžืคืชื™ืข ืœืžื“ื™ ืฉื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ืœื ืžืชื›ืชื‘ ืขื ืžืืคื™ื™ื ื™ื ื›ืžื• ื”ื‘ืœื•ื ื“ ื•ื”ื•ื•ืจื•ื“. ื ืจืื” ืฉื“ื•ื•ืงื ื”ื‘ื—ื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืงืฉื•ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื›ื•ื ื” ื”ืŸ ืืœื” ืฉืžืืžืฆื•ืช ืืช ื”ื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื ื•ืขื–, ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ืŸ ื’ื ื”ื‘ืกื˜ื™ื– ืงืื™ื” ื’ืจื‘ืจ ื•ืงืืจื” ื“ืœื•ื•ื™ืŸ

ื”ืœื™ื™ื‘ืœ ื”ื“ื ื™ "ื’ืื ื™" ื”ื•ื ื›ื‘ืจ ืกืคืง ืงื‘ื•ืข ืฉืœ ืœื”ื™ื˜ื™ื ืขื•ื ืชื™ื™ื, ื•ื”ืคืืฉื ื™ืกื˜ื•ืช ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืื™ื ืกื˜ื’ืจื ื™ื•ื“ืขื•ืช ื–ืืช ื”ื™ื˜ื‘. ื”ืคืขื ื”ืŸ ืžืกืžื ื•ืช, ื•ืœื ืงืฉื” ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืœืžื”, ืืช ืฉืžืœืช ื”ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืขืœืช ื”ื ืคื— ื”ืจื•ืžื ื˜ื™ ื•ื’ื–ืจืช ื”ื‘ื™ื™ื‘ื™ ื“ื•ืœ. ืื ื—ื ื• ื›ื‘ืจ ืžื—ื›ื•ืช ืœื’ืจืกื” ืฉืœ ื–ืืจื”

"ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ืชื•ืชื™ื" ื”ื•ื ืœื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ืฉืกื‘ื™ืจ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื• ื›ืจื’ืข (ืฉืœื ื‘ืงื˜ืข ืื™ืจื•ื ื™), ืื‘ืœ ืžื” ืœื’ื‘ื™ "ื”ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ืชื•ืชื™ื"? ืื ืœืฉืคื•ื˜ ืœืคื™ ื”ืœื”ื™ื˜ ื”ื•ื•ื™ืจืืœื™ ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ ืฉื”ืื™ื˜-ื’ื™ืจืœืก ืื™ืžืฆื• ื‘ืื”ื‘ื” ืœืžืœืชื—ืชืŸ, ื–ื• ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ืืœื˜ืจื ื˜ื™ื‘ื” ืจืื•ื™ื”

ื”ืงื™ืฅ ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ ืœื ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืฉืชืขืฉืข ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื“ื™ ืขื ืื•ืคืฆื™ื•ืช ืžื—ื•ื™ื˜ื•ืช, ืœื›ืŸ ืฉืžื—ื ื• ืœื’ืœื•ืช ื‘ื”ื™ืฆืข ืฉืœ ื”ืจืฉืชื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื•ืช ืืช ื”ื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ืžื“ื•ื™ืง (ื•ื”ืžืคืชื™ืข ืžืขื˜) ืฉื™ืกื“ืจ ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื•ืคืขื” ืกื•ืคืจ ืžืชื•ื—ื›ืžืช ื‘ืžื™ื ื™ืžื•ื ืžืืžืฅ

ืื—ืจื™ ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืฉืœ ื˜ืจื ื™ื ื’ื™ื, ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉื”ืžื’ืžื” ื”ื”ืคื•ื›ื” ืชื›ื‘ื•ืฉ ืื•ืชื ื• ื‘ืกืขืจื”, ื•ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื›ืฉื”ื—ื•ืคื™ื ืคืชื•ื—ื™ื โ€“ ื”ืขื•ืจ ื–ื•ื›ื” ืœื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื—ืฉื™ืคื”. ื‘ื’ื“ื™ ื”ื™ื ืขื ืžืคืชื— ื”ืจื’ืœ ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื›ื‘ืฉื• ืืช ื”ืื™ื˜-ื’ื™ืจืœืก ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื, ื•ืœืžืจื•ืช ื”ืชืขื•ื–ื” ื”ื ื“ืจืฉืช ื ืจืื” ืฉื’ื ื‘ืืจืฅ ื”ื ื–ื•ื›ื™ื ืœืื”ื“ื”

ื›ื‘ืจ ื›ืžื” ืฉื ื™ื ืฉื”ื ื ื—ื‘ืื• ืืœ ื”ื›ืœื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ื”ืงืื˜-ืืื•ื˜ื™ื ื‘ืฆื™ื“ื™ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื—ื•ื–ืจื™ื. ื”ืคืืฉื ื™ืกื˜ื•ืช ื›ื‘ืจ ืžืฆืื• ืืช ื”ื’ืจืกืื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืขืœื™ื”ืŸ, ื•ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืจืง ื ืฉืืจ ืœื™ื™ืฉื (ื•ืื– ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ืงื•ื•ื™ ื”ืฉื™ื–ื•ืฃ ื”ืžืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉื ืœื•ื•ื™ื ืืœ ื”ื˜ืจื ื“)

ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืืžืช ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื‘ื ืœื ื• ืœืœื‘ื•ืฉ ื‘ืขื•ื ื” ื”ื—ืžื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืฉืžืœื•ืช, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฉืชื“ืœื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืขืจื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืœื˜ืจื ื“ื™ื ื”ืงื˜ื ื™ื ืฉืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื”ืŸ - ืชืจืชื™ ืžืฉืžืข, ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื”ื–ื”. ื›ืชืคื™ื•ืช ื ืงืฉืจื•ืช ื”ืŸ ื”ื“ื™ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ื”ืงื˜ืŸ ืฉื™ืขืฉื” ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืœื•ืง, ื•ื–ื” ืœื ื”ื™ืชืจื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืฉืœื”ืŸ. ืื– ืžืฆืื ื• ืืช ื”ืฉื•ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ

ื”ื•ื ืฆืžื•ื“, ืงืฆืจืฆืจ ื•ืกืงืกื™ ืœืžื“ื™ - ืื‘ืœ ื’ื ืžื–ื›ื™ืจ ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ื’ื“ื™ ื™ืœื“ื•ืช, ืฉืœื ืœื•ืžืจ ื™ื ืงื•ืช. ืื– ืžื” ื’ืจื ืœื›ื•ื›ื‘ื•ืช-ืขืœ ื•ืžื›ืชื™ื‘ื•ืช ื˜ืจื ื“ื™ื ืœื”ืฆื™ืฃ ืืช ื”ืคื™ื“ ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ืžื‘ืœื‘ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืื•ื‘ืจื•ืœ ื”ืงื˜ื ื˜ืŸ ื”ื–ื”?

ืžื›ื ืกื™ ื”ื‘ืจืžื•ื“ื” ืื•ืœื™ ื ื—ืฉื‘ื• ื˜ืจื™ืงื™ื™ื ืฉื ื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช, ืื‘ืœ ื”ืขื•ื ื” ื ืจืื” ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืงื•ื ืฆื ื–ื•ืก. ืขื ื—ืœืง ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฆืžื•ื“ ื•ืกื ื™ืงืจืก ืื• ืกื ื“ืœื™ ืจืฆื•ืขื•ืช โ€“ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืคืจื™ื˜ ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืคืืฉื ื™ืกื˜ื•ืช ืžืืžืฆื•ืช. ืžืฆืื ื• ืืช ื”ื“ื’ืžื™ื ื”ื›ื™ ื™ืคื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื‘ื—ื ื•ื™ื•ืช

ื”ื•ื ืœื ืžื’ื™ืข ืžืžื•ืชื’ ืžื•ื›ืจ ื•ื™ื•ืงืจืชื™ ื•ืœื ื ืœื‘ืฉ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื•ืช ืขืœ ืœืžื™ื ื™ื”ืŸ - ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืžืžืฉ ืœื ื”ืคืจื™ืข ืœืชื ื•ืคื” ื”ื•ื•ื™ืจืืœื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื“ื’ื ื”ืžื•ืฆืœื— ืžื‘ื™ืช ื”ืœื™ื™ื‘ืœ ื”ื”ื•ืœื ื“ื™. ืกื•ื“ ื”ืงืกื ื‘ืจื•ืจ ื•ืžืฉืžื— - ื”ื•ื ื˜ืจื ื“ื™, ืžื“ื•ื™ืง, ืžื—ืžื™ื ื•ื’ื ืœื ื™ืงืจ ื‘ื›ืœืœ

ืื ื™ืฉ ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืœืžื“ื ื• ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื” ื”ื•ื ืฉืฉืงื™ืคื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืžืฆืจืš ื—ืฉื•ื‘ - ื‘ืžืžืฉืœื” ื›ืžื• ื‘ืžืœืชื—ื”. ืงื™ื ืงื™ื™, ืืžืจื˜ื”, ื‘ืœื” ื—ื“ื™ื“ ื•ืื™ื˜-ื’ื™ืจืœืก ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช ืžื“ื’ื™ืžื•ืช ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืืช ื”ืขืงืจื•ืŸ ื‘ืžืœื•ื ืชืคืืจืชื•, ื›ืฉืขืœ ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ืŸ ืžืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืžืฉื ื•ืช ื”ืชืฉืขื™ื ื”ืขืœื™ื–ื•ืช ืืช ื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ืจืฉืช ื”ืžื•ื“ืคืกืช

ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืกื’ืจ ื”ืืจื•ื›ื” ืื™ืœืฆื” ืืช ื”ืื™ื˜-ื’ื™ืจืœืก ืœืืœืชืจ ืœื ืžืขื˜, ื•ื‘ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืขื ื”ืชื—ื–ืงื•ืช ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช ื”ืœื ื–'ืจื™ ืขืœ ืขื•ืœื ื”ืื•ืคื ื” ื•ื”ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ื”ืžื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ื ืคืœืื•ืช ื‘ื’ื“ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ - ื ื•ืœื“ ื˜ืจื ื“ ืงื˜ืŸ ื•ืœื•ื”ื˜ ืฉื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ื–ื” ืœืฉื“ืš ืื•ืชื• ืœื’'ื™ื ืก ื”ื›ื™ ืคืฉื•ื˜

ืžื”ื–'ืื ืจ ื”ืกืคื•ืจื˜ื™ื‘ื™ ื•ืขื“ ื”ื’ื–ืจื•ืช ื”ืžื—ื•ื™ื˜ื•ืช, ื”ืžื›ื ืกื™ื™ื ื”ืงืฆืจื™ื ื”ืคื›ื• ืœืžืคืœื˜ ื”ืื•ืœื˜ื™ืžื˜ื™ื‘ื™ ืžื”ื—ื•ื ื”ืืจืฆื™ืฉืจืืœื™. ื—ืจืฉื ื• ืืช ื”ื—ื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื•ืžืฆืื ื• ืืช ื”ื“ื’ืžื™ื ื”ืžื•ืฆืœื—ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ. ืจืง ืœืฆื•ื•ืช ืœื˜ื™-ืฉื™ืจื˜ ื”ืื”ื•ื‘ื” ืขืœื™ื›ื ื•ืืชื ืžืกื•ื“ืจื™ื

ืื ื—ืฉื‘ืชืŸ ืฉืžื” ืฉื”ื•ืคืš ืคืจื™ื˜ ืœืœื”ื™ื˜ ื”ื•ื ื’ื–ืจื” ืžื—ืžื™ืื” ื•ื ื•ื—ื” ืœืžืฉืชืžืฉืช, ืื– ืฆืจ ืœื ื• ืœื‘ืฉืจ - ืื‘ืœ ืืชืŸ ื›ื ืจืื” ืœื ืื™ื˜-ื’ื™ืจืœืก ื”ื•ืœื™ื•ื•ื“ื™ื•ืช ืขื ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ืขื•ืงื‘ื™ื. ื”ืŸ ืžืขื“ื™ืคื•ืช ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ืืœื” ืœื”ืคื’ื™ืŸ ืื•ืžืฅ ื•ืฉืจื™ืจื™ ื‘ื˜ืŸ ืžื‘ืขื“ ืœืคืชื— ื”ืื•ื•ืจื•ืจ ื”ื›ื™ ื ื•ืขื– ืฉืจืื™ื ื•

ื”ืคืจื™ื˜ ื”ื›ื™ ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืงื™ืฅ ืžืงื‘ืœ ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืคืจืฉื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืฉื ื”, ืื– ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืชื ืกื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื˜ืจื ื“ื™ื ื ื“ืจืฉ ืชื’ ืžื—ื™ืจ ืฉืคื•ื™ ืœืžื“ื™. ื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ื”ืจืฉืชื•ืช ื•ื”ืžืขืฆื‘ื™ื ืื™ืชืจื ื• ืืช ื”ื“ื’ืžื™ื ื”ื ื’ื™ืฉื™ื ื•ื”ืžื•ืฆืœื—ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืขื›ืฉื™ื•