ืจืืฉื™ ื˜ืจื ื“ื™ื

ืขื•ื“ ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจื•ืช ืžืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ืกืชื™ื•, ื™ืฉ ืžื™ ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ืžืกืชืžืŸ ื›ืืงืกืกื•ืจื™ ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ื ื” ื”ื‘ืื”: ืฆืขื™ืฃ ืกืื˜ืŸ ื“ืง ืขื ืคืจื ื–ื™ื ืืจื•ื›ื™ื, ืฉืžื‘ื™ื ืื™ืชื• ืืœื’ื ื˜ื™ื•ืช ืจื•ืžื ื˜ื™ืช ื•ืžืงื‘ืœ ื—ื™ื–ื•ืง ืžื”ืคืืฉื ื™ืกื˜ื•ืช ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื•ืช

ื”ืŸ ืชืžื™ื“ ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ื•ืช, ืื‘ืœ ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื–ื” ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื”ืจื’ืข ืฉื‘ื• ื”ืŸ ืžื—ืœื™ืคื•ืช ื‘ื”ื“ืจื’ื” ืืช ื”ืกื ื“ืœื™ื ื•ื”ื›ืคื›ืคื™ื ื•ื ื›ื ืกื•ืช ืœืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ื—ืจื™ืฉื” ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ืช ืฉืœื”ืŸ - ืื– ื—ืฉื‘ื ื• ืฉืชืจืฆื• ืœื“ืขืช ืฉื”ืขื•ื ื” ื ืขืœื™ ื”ื‘ืœืจื™ื ื” ืžื’ื™ืขื•ืช ืขื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืกื˜ ื˜ืจื ื“ื™ ื•ืืœื’ื ื˜ื™ ืฉืœ ืขืงื‘ ื‘ืœื•ืง ื ืžื•ืš ืื• ื‘ื™ื ื•ื ื™. ื”ื“ื’ื ื”ื•ื•ื™ืจืืœื™ ืฉืœ ื–ืืจื” ื›ื‘ืจ ืื–ืœ ื‘ื™ื ืชื™ื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ื™ืฉ ื’ื ื—ื ื•ืช ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจืช ื‘ืคืจื™ื– ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœืงืคื•ืฅ ืืœื™ื”

ื‘ืงืจื•ื‘ ื™ื™ื’ืžืจื• ื”ืชื™ืจื•ืฆื™ื. ืขื ื›ืœ ื”ืื”ื‘ื” ืœืฉื•ืจื˜ืก ื”ืงื˜ื ื™ื ื•ื”ืฉืžืœื•ืช ื”ืื•ื•ืจื™ืจื™ื•ืช, ื”ื’ื™ืข ื–ืžื ื• ืฉืœ ืžื“ืฃ ื”ื’'ื™ื ืกื™ื ืœื”ืชืขื•ืจืจ ืžืฉื ืช ื”ืงื™ืฅ ืฉืœื• ื•ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœืชืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”. ื•ืื ืžื” ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ืืจื•ืŸ ืœื ืžืกืคื™ืง ืขื•ืฉื” ื—ืฉืง, ืจืฉื™ืžืช ื”ื˜ืจื ื“ื™ื ื”ื–ืืช ื‘ืื” ืœื”ื“ืœื™ืง - ื•ืื™ืชื” ืžืœื ืื•ืคืฆื™ื•ืช ื™ืคื•ืช ื•ื ื›ื•ื ื•ืช

ื”ืืžืช ื”ื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื ื›ื™ื›ื‘ ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ื—ื•ืจืฃ ื”ืงื•ื“ื, ื‘ื—ืกื•ืช ืกืŸ ืœื•ืจืŸ ื•ื”ืชืจื’ื•ื ื”ื ื’ื™ืฉ ืฉืœ ืžืืกื™ืžื• ื“ื•ื˜ื™. ืื‘ืœ ื”ืขื•ื ื” ื›ื‘ืจ ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ ืœื”ืชื—ืžืง ืžื–'ืงื˜ ื”ืจื•ื— ื”ืื“ื•ื, ืฉืื›ืŸ ืžืงืคื™ืฅ ื›ืœ ืœื•ืง ื•ืืฃ ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืžืขื•ืœื” ืขื ื”ื—ื•ืจืฃ ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ - ื›ื•ืœืœ ื’ืจืกื” ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ืช, ื•ื™ืจืืœื™ืช ื•ื–ื•ืœื”

ื‘ืจื’ืข ืฉืจืื™ื ื• ืืช ื–ื” ืขืœ ืžืฉืคื™ืขื ื™ืช ื”ืขืœ ืœื™ืื ื“ืจื” ืžื“ื™ืŸ ื›ื”ืŸ, ื‘ืงื•ืœืงืฆื™ื” ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ืช ืฉืœื” ืขื ื–ืืจื”, ื™ื“ืขื ื• ืฉืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื–ื” ืจืฉืžื™: ื”ืžืคื’ืฉ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืกื’ื•ืœ ืœืื“ื•ื ื”ื•ื ื”ื“ื™ื™ื˜ ื”ืœื•ื”ื˜ ืฉืœ ืขื•ื ืช ื”ืžืขื‘ืจ ืฉืœืคื ื™ื ื•, ื•ื›ื ืจืื” ื’ื ืฉืœ ื–ืืช ืฉืชื’ื™ืข ืื—ืจื™ื”. ื”ืคื™ื“ ื›ื‘ืจ ื ืฆื‘ืข ื‘ื”ืชืื, ื•ื”ืคืืฉื ื™ืกื˜ื•ืช ืžืกืคืงื•ืช ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื”ืฉืจืื” ื”ื“ืจื•ืฉื”

ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื”ื•ื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืœ ื˜ื™ื ืื™ื™ื’'ืจื™ื•ืช ื“ื—ื™ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื–ื›ืจ ืฉื‘ื ืœื”ืŸ ืชื™ืง ื—ื“ืฉ ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื - ื•ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื–ื” ืื ื—ื ื• ื›ืืŸ. ื”ืงืจื™ื˜ืจื™ื•ื ื™ื ื”ื: ื ื•ื—ื•ืช ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ืช, ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื”ื›ืœื” ืฉืœ ืœืคื˜ื•ืค ื•ืžืขืœื”, ื•ื”ื›ื™ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ - ืกื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืฉืžืฉื“ืจ ื‘ื’ืจื•ืช, ื˜ืจื ื“ื™ื•ืช ื•ื—ื•ืกืจ ืžืืžืฅ. ืžืฆืื ื• ื›ืžื” ืื•ืคืฆื™ื•ืช ืฉืื•ืœื™ ืœื ื™ื’ืจืžื• ืœื”ืŸ ืœื’ืœื’ืœ ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื

ื›ืฉืžื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื, ื–ื” ื ืจืื”, ืื™ื›ืฉื”ื•, ื›ืžืขื˜ ื”ื’ื™ื•ื ื™ - ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ, ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื›ืคื›ืคื™ ืืฆื‘ืข ืขื ื’ืจื‘ื™ื™ื. ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื” ืžืืชื’ืจ ืคื™ื–ื™ืช ื›ืžืขื˜ ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืืชื’ืจ ืืกืชื˜ื™ืช, ืื‘ืœ ื”ืคืืฉื ื™ืกื˜ื•ืช ืžืชืขืงืฉื•ืช, ื•ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืื•ืคื ื” ื”ื—ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืžื’ื‘ื” ืื•ืชืŸ ืขื ืขื“ื›ื•ืŸ ื’ืจืกื” ืžืคืชื™ืข ืœืงื•ื ืกืคื˜ ืฉืœ ื’ืจื‘. ื‘ืงืจื•ื‘ ืœื™ื“ ื”ืงื•ืคื” ื‘ื–ืืจื”

ื›ื‘ื›ืœ ืขื•ื ื”, ื’ื ื‘ืงื™ืฅ ื”ื–ื” ืจืงื—ื• ื‘ืจืฉืช ื”ืื”ื•ื‘ื” ืคืจื™ื˜ ืฉืžืฆืœื™ื— ืœืงืกื•ื ืœืคืืฉื ื™ืกื˜ื•ืช ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื: ื—ืฆืื™ืช ืกื˜ื™ื™ื˜ืžื ื˜ ืขื ืคืจื™ื ื˜ ืคืจื—ื•ื ื™ ื‘ื•ืœื˜, ืงื• ืžื•ืชืŸ ื ืžื•ืš ื•ืกื’ื™ืจื” ื˜ืจื ื“ื™ืช. ื”ื™ื ื ื—ื˜ืคืช ืžื”ืงื•ืœื‘ื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ื™ืฉ ื›ื‘ืจ ื’ืจืกื” ื ื•ืกืคืช ืœืžืชืงื“ืžื•ืช

ื›ืคื›ืคื™ ื”ืืฆื‘ืข ืœื ื ืจื’ืขื™ื, ืขืงื‘ื™ ื”ื•ื•ื“ื’' ืœื ืžืฉื—ืจืจื™ื, ื•ื”ืฉื™ื“ื•ืš ื”ืžืชื‘ืงืฉ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื ืžื™ื™ืฆืจ, ืื•ื‘ื™ื™ืกืœื™, ืืช ื”ื ืขืœื™ื™ื ื”ืื•ืœื˜ืจื”-ื˜ืจื ื“ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ื ื”. ืžืžื•ืชื’ื™ ืขืœ ื•ืขื“ ื”ืจืฉืชื•ืช ื”ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช, ื”ื”ื™ืฆืข ืจื—ื‘ ื›ืžืขื˜ ื›ืžื• ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉ, ื•ื”ืœื•ืง ื”ืงื™ืฆื™ ื”ืžื•ืฉืœื ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืžืจื—ืง ืกื ื˜ื™ืžื˜ืจื™ื ื‘ื•ื“ื“ื™ื

ื–ื” ืžืกื•ื’ ื”ืžืงืจื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืฉื‘ื”ื ื ืจืื” ืฉื›ืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื‘ืคื“ืจืฆื™ื™ืช ื”ืคืืฉืŸ-ื’ื™ืจืœื– ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช ืงื™ื‘ืœื• ืืช ื”ืžืžื•: ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื•ื‘ืฉื•ืช ื‘ืจืžื•ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืคืจื™ื ื˜ ืงืžื•ืคืœืื–'. ืขื ืขืงื‘ื™ื ืื• ื›ืคื›ืคื™ ืืฆื‘ืข, ื‘ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื”ืื•ืคื ื” ื‘ืงื•ืคื ื”ื’ืŸ ืื• ืœืคืจืžื™ื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ืกืจื˜ ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ - ื ื™ื›ืจ ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืื™ื˜-ืคืจื™ื˜ ืžื ืฆื—, ืฉืžืืชื’ืจ ืืช ื—ื•ื›ืžืช ื”ืกื˜ื™ื™ืœื™ื ื’ ื‘ืงื˜ืข ื”ื›ื™ ื›ื™ืคื™

ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื”ืžืจืื” ืขืžื•ืก ื”ื’ื“ื™ืœื™ื ื’ืจื ืœืคืืฉื ื™ืกื˜ื•ืช ืœื”ืชืื”ื‘ ืงืฉื•ืช, ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืžื’ื™ืขื” ื”ื’ืจืกื” ื”ืขื“ื™ื ื” ื•ื”ืžื–ื•ืงืงืช ืฉืœื• - ื•ื”ื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื™ืคื”. ืชื™ืงื™ื ืžืขื•ื˜ืจื™ ื’ื“ื™ืœ ื‘ื•ื“ื“ ื ื•ืฆืฆื™ื ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืขืœ ื–ืจื•ืขื•ืชื™ื”ืŸ ืฉืœ ืžื‘ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ, ื•ื‘ื ื•ืช ื”ืžื–ืœ ืฉื”ืกืคื™ืงื• ืœืจื›ื•ืฉ ืืช ื”ื’ืจืกื” ื”ื•ื•ื™ืจืืœื™ืช ืฉืœ ื–ืืจื”. ืื‘ืœ ืœืžื•ืชื’ื™ื ื”ืงื˜ื ื™ื ื™ืฉ ืคืจืฉื ื•ื™ื•ืช ืืคื™ืœื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื•ืฆืœื—ื•ืช

ืžื‘ื˜ ืขืœ ื”ืคื™ื“ ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ืืœื” ืžื’ืœื” ืœื ืžืขื˜ ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืื•ืจ, ืœื™ื˜ืจืœื™, ื›ื™ ื”ืื™ื˜ื’ื™ืจืœืก ื”ืชืื”ื‘ื• ืงืฉื•ืช ื‘ืžื›ื ืกื™ื™ื ืฆื”ื•ื‘ื™ื. ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืฆื”ื•ื‘ ืžืชืžืฉืš ื›ื‘ืจ ืชืงื•ืคื”, ืื‘ืœ ื”ื“ื’ืฉ ืฉื”ื•ื ื ื•ืชืŸ ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื‘ืžื—ืœืงืช ื”ืžื›ื ืกื™ื™ื ืžื’ื™ืข ืขื ืฉื™ืง ืจื™ื–ื•ืจื˜ื™ ื ื•ื ืฉืœื ื˜ื™ ื•ืื•ืคื˜ื™ืžื™, ืฉื ืฉืžื— ืœืงื—ืช ืื™ืชื ื• ืืคื™ืœื• ืืœ ืขื•ื ืช ื”ืžืขื‘ืจ ื”ืžืชืงืจื‘ืช

ื›ืฉื”ื—ื•ื ืœื ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืชืคืจืข ืขื ืฉื›ื‘ื•ืช, ื”ืื‘ื™ื–ืจื™ื ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืืช ืžืจื›ื– ื”ื‘ืžื” - ื•ื—ื’ื•ืจืช ื”ืžื“ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืžืกืชืžื ืช ื›ื›ื•ื›ื‘ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื” ืฉืœ ื”ืงื™ืฅ. ืขื ืื‘ื–ื ืžื˜ืืœื™ ื’ื“ื•ืœ, ืขื’ื•ืœ ืื• ืื•ื‘ืœื™, ื”ื™ื ืžืฉื“ืจื’ืช ื’ื ืืช ื”ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ื™ื ื”ืคืฉื•ื˜ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ืžื•ืกื™ืคื” ืœื”ื ื˜ืืฅ' ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ ื•ืžืœื ืกื˜ื™ื™ืœ

ื”ื“ื’ื ื”ื•ื•ื™ืจืืœื™ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ืชื’ ื”ื•ื•ื™ืจืืœื™ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ืจื’ืข ืžืขื™ื“ ืขืœ ื˜ืจื ื“ ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ืžื ืข: ื ืขืœื™ ื”ื’'ื™ื ืก ืœื’ืžืจื™ ื›ืืŸ, ื•ื”ืŸ ืœื ืœื‘ื“ - ืžืœื•ื•ื™ื ืื•ืชืŸ ืคืจื˜ื ืจื™ื ืžื•ืฉืœืžื™ื ื‘ืฆื•ืจืช ืชื™ืงื™ ื’'ื™ื ืก. ืืฃ ืฉื˜ื•ื˜ืืœ-ืœื•ืง ื“ื ื™ื ื-ืœื” ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ ื•ื’'ืกื˜ื™ืŸ ื ืฉืžืข ืœื’ืžืจื™ ืžืชื‘ืงืฉ ื›ืืŸ, ืืคืฉืจ ื’ื ืœื”ืกืชืคืง ื‘ื ื’ื™ืขื” ื˜ืจื ื“ื™ืช

ืžื‘ืชื™ ื”ืื•ืคื ื” ื•ืขื“ ื”ืจืฉืชื•ืช, ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ืžืชืžืงื“ืช ื”ืขื•ื ื” ื‘ืคืจื— ืื—ื“ ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“: ื”ื”ื™ื‘ื™ืกืงื•ืก, ื‘ืขืœ ื”ืฆื•ืจื” ื”ืคื™ืกื•ืœื™ืช ื•ื”ืฆื‘ืขื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืชืคืจืฆืช. ื–ืืช ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื–ืจื™ืงืช ื”ืื•ืคื˜ื™ืžื™ื•ืช ืฉื”ืžืœืชื—ื” ืฉืœื ื• ื–ืงื•ืงื” ืœื”