ืจืืฉื™ ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช FF

ื‘ื’ื“ื•ืœ - ืกื•ื•ื˜ืฉื™ืจื˜ ื•ื—ืฆืื™ืช. ื‘ืงื˜ืŸ - ื›ืชืฃ ืฉืžื•ื˜ื” ื-ืœื” ืจื™ื˜ื”, ื‘ืœื™ ื—ื–ื™ื™ื”, ืขื ื’ื–ืจื” ืฉื ืฆืžื“ืช ืœื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื ืขืœื™ื™ื ืฉืจื•ืžื–ื•ืช ืขืœ ืื—ื“ ื”ื˜ืจื ื“ื™ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืงื™ืฅ. ืงื™ื ื‘ื–ืš ื”ื›ืœ ืงืคืฆื” ืขื ื”ื‘ื•ื™ืคืจื ื“ ืœื•ืื™ืก ื”ืžื™ืœื˜ื•ืŸ ืœืžืกืขื“ืช ื”ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืœื”, ื•ื›ื›ื” ื–ื” ื ืจืื”

ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจ ืžืฉืคื—ืชื™ ื‘ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง, ื‘ื—ืจื” ืื™ื•ื•ื ืงื” ื˜ืจืืžืค ืœืœื‘ื•ืฉ ืฉืžืœืช ืžืงืกื™ ืฉื—ื•ืจื” ื•ืžืคื•ืกืœืช ืฉื”ื™ื ื‘ืขืฆื ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžืืœืฃ ื‘ื ื‘ื™ืจื” ื‘ืืจื›ื™ื•ื ื™ ืื•ืคื ื”. ื”ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ื”ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ื’'ื™ ื ื˜ื•ืœ ื”ืฉืจื•ื•ืœื™ื ื”ืฆื™ื’ ืžื—ืฉื•ืฃ ืžืฉื•ืœืฉ ืขืžื•ืง ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“. ื“ืจืžื” ื ื•ืกืคืช ื ืจืืชื” ื‘ื‘ื˜ื ืช ื”ืžืฉื™ ื”ืื“ื•ืžื” ืฉื”ืฆื™ืฆื” ืžื‘ืขื“ ืœื‘ื“ ื”ืฉื—ื•ืจ ื”ืงื˜ื™ืคืชื™ ื•ื ืชื ื” ืœืœื•ืง ืขื•ืžืง ืžืกืชื•ืจื™. ืžื” ืฉื‘ื˜ื•ื—, ื ื™ื›ืจ ืฉื”ื™ื ืœื ืžืื“ ืžืคื—ื“ืช ืžื”ืื•ืคืฆื™ื” ืฉืœ ื—ื–ืจื” ืœืžืœื—ืžื”

ื’ืœ ื’ื“ื•ืช ื‘ื—ืจื” ื‘ืœื•ืง ื“ืจืžื˜ื™ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืฉื˜ื™ื— ื”ืื“ื•ื ื›ืฉื”ื™ื ืœื•ืงื—ืช ืฉืžืœืช ืžืงืกื™ ืฉื—ื•ืจื” ื•ืžืขืœื™ื” ื–'ืงื˜ ืงืจื•ืค ืžื—ื•ื™ื˜. ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื’ื“ื•ืช ื”ืขืœืชื” ื”ืคืงืช ืื•ืคื ื” ืฉื’ื ื”ื™ื ื›ื•ืœื” ืืคืœื” ืื‘ืœ ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื™ืคื”. ื’ื ื›ืฉื”ื™ื ื ื•ืชื ืช ืœืฆื“ ื”ืืคืœ ืœื”ืฆื™ืฅ ื‘ืจืžื™ื–ื”, ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื•ื ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ืžืงื•ื ืžื•ืืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ืฉื’ืœ ื‘ื•

ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ื›ืŸ, ืื“ื™ืกื•ืŸ ืจื™ื™ ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ืœื•ืžื“ืช ืžื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ ืกืคื™ืจืก ื•ื‘ื•ื ื” ืœืคื™ื” ืืช ืคืจืกื•ื ืช ื”ืคื•ืค ื”ืกืœื™ื–ื™ืช ืฉืœื” - ืื‘ืœ ื”ืœื•ืง ื”ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ ืฉืœ ืื—ืช ืžื›ื•ื›ื‘ื•ืช "ืงื•ืืฆ'ืœื”" ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช ื’ืจื ืœื›ืžื” ืžื’ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ืจื™ื ื’ื‘ื”. ืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืœื ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื•ืช ืื ืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื ืœื•ื‘ืฉืช ืฉื ื–ื• ื—ืฆืื™ืช ืื• ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื—ื’ื•ืจื”

ืคืกื˜ื™ื‘ืœ ืงื•ืืฆ'ืœื” ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืฉื™ืื• ื•ืงื™ื ืงืจื“ืฉื™ืืŸ ืžืฉื™ืงื” ืืช ื”ื‘ื•ื™ืคืจื ื“ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืจืฉืžื™ ื‘ื”ื•ืคืขื” ืฉืœ ื’'ืกื˜ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื‘ืจ ื›ืฉื”ื™ื ืœื•ื”ื˜ืช ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“. ืงื™ื ืœื‘ืฉื” ื‘ื’ื“ ื’ื•ืฃ ืฉื—ื•ืจ ืขื ืžื—ืฉื•ืฃ ืขืžื•ืง, ืžื›ื ืกื™ ืขื•ืจ ืฆืžื•ื“ื™ื ื•ืฉืจืฉืจืช ืฆ'ื•ืงืจ ืขื ืงื™ืช ื”ื ื•ืฉืืช ืชืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฆืœื‘. ืขืœ ืชืงืŸ ื”ืืงืกืกื•ืจื™ ื”ืœื ืฉื’ืจืชื™ ืžื›ื›ื‘ ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ ืคื ื™ื โ€“ ื–ื›ืจื•ื ื•ืช ืžื•ื–ืจื™ื ืžืงื ื™ื™ื”

ืื—ืจื™ 40 ื™ื•ื ืฉืœ ื˜ืจื ื™ื ื’ื™ื ื•ืคื™ื’'ืžื•ืช, ืื’ื ืจื•ื“ื‘ืจื’ ื—ื–ืจื” ืœื”ืชืœื‘ืฉ. ื‘ืœื™ ืœื”ืชืืžืฅ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื“ื™, ืื’ื ืžืฆื™ื’ื” ืกื“ืจืช ืœื•ืงื™ื ืฉืžืจื’ื™ืฉื” ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื›ืžื• ื”ืฉื’ืจื” ืฉื”ืชื’ืขื’ืขื ื• ืืœื™ื”. ืื”ื‘ื ื• ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื˜ื•ืค ื›ืชืคื™ื•ืช ืฉื—ื•ืจ ืขื ืžื—ืฉื•ืฃ ืขืžื•ืง ื•ืงืืคื™ื ืžืขื•ื’ืœื™ื ืฉื ืœื‘ืฉ ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ืžื›ื ืกื™ื™ื ืฉื—ื•ืจื™ื ืžื—ื•ื™ื˜ื™ื ื‘ื’ื–ืจื” ืžืขื•ืœื”

ืื™ื•ื•ื ืงื” ื˜ืจืืžืค ื•ื‘ืชื” ืืจื‘ืœื” ื‘ื™ืœื• ืืช ื”ืกื•ืคืฉ ืœืฆื“ ื˜ื™ืคื ื™ ื˜ืจืืžืค ื•ืœืืจื” ื˜ืจืืžืค, ื‘ืžืกื™ื‘ื” ืœืงืจืืช ื—ืชื•ื ืชื ืฉืœ ื“ื•ื ืœื“ ื˜ืจืืžืค ื’'ื•ื ื™ื•ืจ ื•ืืจื•ืกืชื• ื‘ื˜ื™ื ื” ืื ื“ืจืกื•ืŸ. ื”ื˜ืจืืžืคื™ื•ืช ื—ื’ื’ื• ื‘ืื—ื•ื–ื” ื”ืžืฉืคื—ืชื™ืช ื‘ืžืืจ ื ืœืื’ื• ื•ืขืœื• ืขืœ ืฉืžืœื•ืช ืื‘ื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื•ื™ื•ืงืจืชื™ื•ืช ื›ืžืชื‘ืงืฉ

ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ืืœื” ืžืชื ื”ืœ ืžืฉื ื•ืžืชืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืœื‘ื ื•ืŸ, ื•ื‘ืœื™ื‘ื• ืื™ืฉื” ืื—ืช ืฉืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืชืขืœื ืžืžื ื”: ืฉื’ืจื™ืจืช ืœื‘ื ื•ืŸ ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘, ื ื“ื ื—ืžืื“ื” ืžืขื•ื•ื“. ื‘ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ืžื”ืžืคื’ืฉ ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ ื”ื™ื ื‘ืœื˜ื” ื‘ื—ืœื™ืคื” ื•ืขื ื™ื‘ื” ืฉื—ื•ืจื•ืช, ื•ื–ืืช ืœื ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ื”ืื•ืคื ืชื™ืช ื”ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉืœื”

ืกื ื“ืจื” ื‘ื•ืœื•ืง ื‘ืช ื”- 61 ื ืžืฆืืช ื‘ืขื™ืฆื•ืžื• ืฉืœ ืžืกืข ืงื™ื“ื•ื ืื™ื ื˜ื ืกื™ื‘ื™ ืœืกืจื˜ ื”ื”ืžืฉืš ืœืœื”ื™ื˜ "ืงืกื ืžืขืฉื™", ื‘ื• ื”ื™ื ืžื›ื›ื‘ืช ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืฆื“ ื ื™ืงื•ืœ ืงื™ื“ืžืŸ. ื”ืœื•ืง ื”ื“ื•ืžื™ื ื ื˜ื™ ืฉืœ ื‘ื•ืœื•ืง ื”ืฆืœื™ื— ืœื”ืืคื™ืœ ืืคื™ืœื• ืขืœ ืฉื•ืชืคืชื” ื”ืœื•ื”ื˜ืช ืœืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ื‘ื—ืœื™ืคื” ืื“ื•ืžื” ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ืฉื›ื— ื•ื—ื–ื™ื™ื” ืžืขื•ืจ ืฉืžื‘ืฆื‘ืฆืช ืžืชื—ืช

ื”ื ืฉืฃ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื ื”ืื•ืคื ื” ื›ื‘ืจ ืžืžืฉ ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืคื™ื ื”, ื•ื‘"ื•ื•ื’" ืžืฆื™ืขื™ื ื—ื™ืžื•ื ื‘ื”ืฉืจืืช ืžื•ื˜ื™ื‘ ื”ืืžื ื•ืช ืฉืžืœื•ื•ื” ืื•ืชื• ื”ืฉื ื”. ืœื”ืคืงืช ื”ืื•ืคื ื” ืฉืฆื•ืœืžื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ืชืœื™ ืžื•ื–ื™ืื•ืŸ ื”ืžื˜ืจื•ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ืŸ ื’ื•ื™ืกื• ื“ื•ื’ืžื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื•ืœื˜ื•ืช ื‘ืžืจืื•ืช ืฉืžื“ื’ื™ืฉื™ื ืืช ื”ืงืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืชืœื‘ืฉื•ืช ืœืืžื ื•ืช, ื•ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ืŸ ื‘ืœื˜ื” ืื—ืช ืฉืื™ืŸ ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ ืœื”ืชืขืœื ืžืžื ื”

ืงื™ื™ื˜ื™ ื”ื•ืœืžืก ื•ื’'ื•ืฉื•ืข ื’'ืงืกื•ืŸ ื™ื™ื–ื›ืจื• ืœื ืฆื— ื›ื’'ื•ืื™ ื•ืคื™ื™ืกื™, ื”ื–ื•ื’ ื”ืžื™ืชื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ืžื“ืจืžืช ื”ื ืขื•ืจื™ื "ื“ื•ืกื•ืŸ ืงืจื™ืง". ืืžืฉ ื”ื ื ืคื’ืฉื• ื‘ื‘ื›ื•ืจืช ื”ืกืจื˜ ื”ื“ื•ืงื•ืžื ื˜ืจื™ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ืขืœ ื—ื™ื™ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืžืขืฆื‘ ื”ืื™ื˜ืœืงื™ ื‘ืจื•ื ืœื• ืงื•ืฆ'ื™ื ืœื™. ื”ื•ืœืžืก, ื›ืžื• ืฉืจืง ื”ื™ื ื™ื•ื“ืขืช, ื’ื ื‘ื” ืืช ื”ืฉื•ืื• ืขื ื—ื•ืœืฆื” ืงืœืืกื™ืช ืฉื ืœื‘ืฉื” ืฉืžื•ื˜ื” ื•ืคืชื•ื—ื” ืžืขื˜ ื‘ืฆื“

ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื‘ื—ืจื” ื‘ืฉืžืœืช ืกืื˜ืŸ ื ื˜ื•ืœืช ืฉืจื•ื•ืœื™ื, ื”ื“ื•ื›ืกื™ืช ืžืกืืกืงืก ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื” ืœื“ื‘ื•ืง ื‘ื’ื–ืจื” ืฉืขื•ื‘ื“ืช ืœื” - ื•ื”ืคืขื ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจ ื‘ืื•ืกื˜ืจืœื™ื”. ื”ื™ื ื”ืœื›ื”, ื›ื”ืจื’ืœื”, ืขืœ ืฉื ื™ ืœื•ืงื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื•ืชื’ื™ื ืžืงื•ืžื™ื™ื, ื•ื ืขื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืœื’ื ื˜ื™ื•ืช ืกื•ืœื™ื“ื™ืช ืฉืœ ืฉืžืœื” ืžื ืฆื—ืช ืœืกื˜ ืžืขื˜ ืคื—ื•ืช ืฉื’ืจืชื™

ื›ื ืจืื” ืฉื”ื™ื™ืœื™ ื™ื“ืขื” ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืžื” ื”ื™ื ืขื•ืฉื” ื›ืฉืœื‘ืฉื” ืืช ื”ืคื™ืก ื”ื–ื” โ€“ ื•ื™ื ื˜ื’' ื“ื™ื•ืจ ืžื—ื•ืจืฃ 1998 ืฉืขื•ืฆื‘ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื’'ื•ืŸ ื’ืœื™ืื ื•, ื›ื™ื›ื‘ ืขืœ ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืžื•ืก ื‘ืงืžืคื™ื™ืŸ ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ืื•ืคื ื” ื•ืขืฉื” ื”ื•ืคืขืช ืื•ืจื— ืื™ื™ืงื•ื ื™ืช ืขืœ ืคืจืืŸ ื“ืจืฉืจ ื‘ืกื“ืจื” ื”ืื”ื•ื‘ื” "ื ื ื™". ื’ืœื’ื•ืœื• ืฉืœ ืืื•ื˜ืคื™ื˜

ื”ืขื•ืœื ื‘ื˜ืœื˜ืœื” ืื‘ืœ ื”ื’ื‘ืจืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ืืจื”"ื‘ ืžืฉื“ืจืช ืขืกืงื™ื ื›ืจื’ื™ืœ. ืœื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืžืœืš ื•ืžืœื›ืช ื”ื•ืœื ื“ ื”ื™ื ืขืœืชื” ืขืœ ืœื•ืง ืงืœื™ืœ ืืš ื“ืจืžื˜ื™ ื‘ืฉื—ื•ืจ ื•ืœื‘ืŸ, ื•ื”ืฆื™ื’ื” ื’ื•ื•ื ื™ื ืขื“ื™ื ื™ื ื•ื™ืคื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ืขืจ ืฉืžืชืื™ืžื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืœืขื•ื ื”

ื”ื–ื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื ื•ื™ื” ืืจื™ืืœื™ ื•ื“ื•ืจ ื˜ืื•ื‘ ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืขืœ ื”ืžืกืš ื•ืขื‘ืจื” ืœื—ื™ื™ื ืขืฆืžื. ืืชืžื•ืœ ืขืจื›ื• ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื ื‘ืจื™ืช ืœื‘ื ื ื”ื‘ื›ื•ืจ. ื ื•ื™ื” ืœื‘ืฉื” ืœืื™ืจื•ืข ืฉืžืœื” ืฉืžื’ืœืžืช ืืช ื”ื˜ื•ื”ืจ ื•ื”ื—ื’ื™ื’ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืื™ืจื•ืข, ืื‘ืœ ืžื•ืชืืžืช ืžืื•ื“ ืœืžื™ื“ื•ืชื™ื• - ื ื•ื—ื” ืœืœื‘ื™ืฉื”, ืœื ืžืชืืžืฆืช, ืจื•ืžื ื˜ื™ืช ื•ืขื“ื™ื ื”