ืจืืฉื™ ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช FF

ืชืจืฆื” ื›ื”ืŸ ืคืชื—ื” ืจืฉืžื™ืช ืืช ืขื•ื ืช ื”ืจื—ืฆื” ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ืฆื‘ืขื•ื ื™ืช, ืžืจืขื ื ืช ื•ืœื ืฆืคื•ื™ื”: ื‘ื™ืงื™ื ื™ ืกื’ื•ืœ ื‘ื”ื™ืจ ื‘ื’ื–ืจืช ืžืฉื•ืœืฉื™ื ืžื™ื ื™ืžืœื™ืกื˜ื™ืช, ืขื ื—ื•ื˜ื™ ืงืฉื™ืจื” ื•ืขื™ื˜ื•ืจื™ ื•ื•ืœื ื™ื ืขื“ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ื—ื–ื™ื™ื”. ื”ื™ื ืœื ื”ืชืขืฆืœื” ื’ื ื‘ืกื˜ื™ื™ืœื™ื ื’ ื•ื”ื–ื›ื™ืจื” ืœื ื• ืฉื”ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ื ื•ืกื— ื”ื™ื™ืœื™ ื‘ื™ื‘ืจ โ€“ ืžื˜ืคื—ืช ืจืืฉ ืงืฉื•ืจื” ื•ืžืขืœื™ื” ื›ื•ื‘ืข ื‘ื™ื™ืกื‘ื•ืœ ืกืคื•ืจื˜ื™ื‘ื™ โ€“ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ ืžืชืžื™ื“

ื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ื™ืœื•ืคื™ ืขื•ื ื•ืช ืœื—ื™ืœื•ืคื™ ืžืœื—ืžื•ืช, ื–ื• ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ื”ืขื•ื ื” ืœืจืขื ื•ืŸ ืžืœืชื—ื” - ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืืช ืคืจื™ื˜ ื”ืžืคืชื— ื”ืžื•ืฉืœื ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ื•: ื”ื™ื ืงืœื™ืœื” ื•ืกืงืกื™ืช, ืืœื ื’ื˜ื™ืช ื•ื ื•ืกื˜ืœื’ื™ืช, ื”ื™ื™ืœื™ ื•ืงื ื“ืœ ื›ื‘ืจ ืžื›ื•ืจื•ืช ืžื–ืžืŸ ื•ื’ื ื”ืื™ื ืกื˜ื’ืจืžืจื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืžื•ืฆืขื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืชื—ื™ืœื•ืช ืœื”ืชืื”ื‘ ื‘ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืฉืœื” ืขื ื ืขืœื™ ื‘ืœืจื™ื ื”: ืฉื™ืžื• ืขื™ืŸ ืขืœ ื—ืฆืื™ืช ื”ืžื™ื“ื™ ื”ื ื™ื™ื ื˜ื™ื–ื™ืช

ืขื ื”ื—ื–ืจื” ืœืฉื’ืจื” ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœืคื ื˜ื– ืขืœ ื”ืงื™ืฅ โ€“ ื•ืœืงื™ื™ืœื™ ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ืฆืขืช ื”ื”ื’ืฉื” ื”ืžื•ืฉืœืžืช: ื‘ื™ืงื™ื ื™ ืœื‘ืŸ ืฆื—ื•ืจ ืœืฆื“ ื‘ืจื™ื›ื” ืžืจืขื ื ืช. ื”ื™ื ื’ื ืขืฉืชื” ืงืืžื‘ืง ืœืคื™ืก ืž-2002, ื•ื ืชื ื” ืœื• ื—ื™ื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ืœืฆื“ ื’'ื™ื ืก ืœื‘ืŸ ื•ืฉืจืฉืจืช ื‘ื˜ืŸ. ื‘ืงืจื•ื‘ ืืฆืœื ื•

ืื ื—ื ื• ื›ื‘ืจ ื™ื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืœืžื” ืœืฆืคื•ืช ืžืžื ื”, ื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื ืžืฆืœื™ื—ื” ืœื”ืคืชื™ืข ื•ืืฃ ืœืจื’ืฉ ืื•ืชื ื• ื‘ื›ืœ ืคืขื ืžื—ื“ืฉ: ื”ืคืขื ื”ื’ื™ืขื” ืงื™ื“ืžืŸ ืœืคืจืžื™ื™ืจืช ื”ืกื“ืจื” ื”ื—ื“ืฉื” ื‘ื›ื™ื›ื•ื‘ื”, "ืžืจื’ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ื›ืกืฃ", ื‘ืืื•ื˜ืคื™ื˜ ืฉื’ืจื ืœื” ืœื”ื™ืจืื•ืช ื›ืžื• ื”ื ื—ืฉ ื”ื›ื™ ืกืงืกื™ ื‘ืขื•ืœื. ื–ื” ื›ืœืœ ืงืฉืงืฉื™ื, ื—ืฆืื™ืช ืฉืงื•ืคื” ื•ืื™ื›ืฉื”ื• ื’ื ืงืคื•ืฆ'ื•ืŸ

ื–ื” ื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืžืœื•ืง ื”ืคืกืงืช ืืฉ ืฉื›ืœืœ ื—ืฆืื™ืช ืžื ื•ืžืจืช ืืงืกื˜ืจื” ื ืžื•ื›ื”, ื•ื”ืžืฉื™ืš ื›ืฉ"ืื•ืฉื™", ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื™ื ืžื›ื ื” ืืช ื”ืืจื•ืก ืื•ืฉืจ ื›ื”ืŸ, ื”ื•ื“ื™ืข ืœื” ืœื”ืชืืจื’ืŸ ืœืžื™ืžื•ื ื”. ืขื“ืŸ ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ืขืคื” ืขืœ ื”ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœืฉื’ืจื” ื•ืœืžืœืชื—ื”, ื•ื”ืชื•ืฆืื” ืฉืื ืœื™ืช-ืฉื•ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื•ื”ื›ื™ ืขื“ืŸ ืคื™ื ืกื™ืช ืฉื™ืฉ

ื”ื’ื‘ืจืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ื—ืจื” ื‘ืœื•ืง ืฉื ืฉืขืŸ ืขืœ ืงืœืืกื™ืงื” ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ืช ื‘ืžื™ื˜ื‘ื”: ื–'ืงื˜ ืžื—ื•ื™ื˜ ื‘ืฆื‘ืข ื›ื—ื•ืœ ื ื™ื™ื‘ื™, ืžื›ื ืกื™ื™ื ื‘ื”ื™ืจื™ื ื‘ืฆื‘ืข ื•ื ืขืœื™ ื‘ืœืจื™ื ื” ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืฉื”ื™ื ืœื ืคื—ื•ืช ืžืžื•ืฉืœืžื•ืช ืœืื™ืจื•ืข - ืื‘ื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช, ืงืœืืกื™ื•ืช ื•ืžืชืื™ืžื•ืช ืœืฆืขื™ื“ื” ื ื™ื ื•ื—ื” ื’ื ืขืœ ืžื“ืฉืื” ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืœื‘ืŸ

ืจื’ืข ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืœื™ื“ื”, ืกืคื™ืจ ืื‘ื™ืกืจื•ืจ ืขืžื“ื” ืฉืขื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืจื’ืœื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ื ืฆื™ืœื•ื ืื•ืคื ืชื™ ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“. ืขืœ ืกื˜ ืฉื ืจืื” ื›ืžื• ืฉืื˜ื• ืฆืจืคืชื™ ืฉื ื—ืช ื‘ืืžืฆืข ื”ืžื–ืจื— ื”ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ, ื”ื”ืจื™ื•ื ื™ืช ื”ื™ืคื”ืคื™ื™ื” ืžื“ื’ืžื ืช ื˜ื•ื˜ืืœ ืœื•ืง ืฉื—ื•ืจ ื•ืžืกืงืจืŸ ืฉื›ืœืœ ื˜ื•ืค ืงื˜ืŸ, ื›ื•ื‘ืข ืกื•ืคืจ ื˜ืจื ื“ื™ ื•ื—ืฆืื™ืช ืขื ื›ื™ื•ื•ืฆื™ื. ืื—ื“ ื”ืœื•ืงื™ื ื”ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ืฉื›ื—ื™ื ืฉืœื”

ื—ืœืง ืžืชืคืงื™ื“ื” ืฉืœ ืฉื™ ื–ื ืงื• ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ื• (ืžืœื‘ื“ ื”ื™ื™ืฆื•ื’ ืžืขื•ืจืจ ื”ื’ืื•ื•ื” ื›ื“ื•ื’ืžื ื™ืช ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ืžืฆืœื™ื—ื”) ื”ื•ื ืœืงื—ืช ืื•ืชื ื• ืื™ืชื” ืœืฉืœืœ ื”ื™ืขื“ื™ื ื”ืืงื–ื•ื˜ื™ื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ื”ื™ื ืชื•ืงืขืช ืกื™ื›ื•ืช ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื™ ื”ื’ืœื•ื‘ื•ืก. ื•ื”ืคืขื: ื”ื•ื•ืื™. ืขืœ ื”ื—ื•ืฃ, ื‘ืฉืงื™ืขื”, ืขื ืคืจื— ื‘ืฉื™ืขืจ, ื—ืฆืื™ืช ืฉื ืขื” ื‘ืจื•ื— ื•ื˜ื•ืค ื‘ื™ืงื™ื ื™ ืงืœืืกื™ ื•ืžื—ืžื™ื - ื”ื™ื ื ืจืื™ืช ื›ืžื• ืฉืœื•ื•ื” ื‘ื“ืžื•ืช ืื™ืฉื”

ืžืฉืคื—ืช ื”ืžืœื•ื›ื” ื”ื’ื™ืขื” ืœืชืคื™ืœื” ืฉืœ ื—ื’ ื”ืคืกื—ื, ื•ืงื™ื™ื˜ ื–ืจื—ื” ืขื ืืื•ื˜ืคื™ื˜ ืœื‘ืŸ ืฉื ืจืื” ื‘ืžื‘ื˜ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื›ืžื• ืกื˜ ืื‘ืœ ืœืžืขืฉื” ืกื•ื’ืจ ื™ืฆื™ืื” ื‘ืคื™ืก ืื—ื“. ื‘ืชื” ืฉืจืœื•ื˜, ืฉืฆืขื“ื” ืœืฆื“ื”, ื”ื“ื’ื™ืžื” ืžืจืื” ืฉื™ืขืจ ืื‘ื™ื‘ื™, ื›ื™ืคื™ ื•ืงืœ ืœื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข

ืชืจืฆื” ื›ื”ืŸ ืœื ืžืžื”ืจืช ืœื”ื™ืคืจื“ ืžืื•ื•ื™ืจืช ื”ื—ื’ ื•ืœืงืจืืช ืขืจื‘ ื—ื’ ืฉื ื™ ื”ื™ื ื‘ื•ื—ืจืช ื‘ืกื˜ ืชื—ืจื” ืœื‘ืŸ ืฉืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ื›ืžื• ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ื”ื›ื™ ื ื›ื•ื ื” ืœื™ืžื™ื ืฉื‘ืคืชื—. ื›ื”ืŸ ืœื ื”ืกืชืคืงื” ื‘ืกื˜ื™ื™ืœื™ื ื’ ื”ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™ ื•ืฉืœืคื” ื˜ืจื™ืง ืกื˜ื™ื™ืœื™ื ื’ ื—ืžื•ื“ ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“: ื”ื™ื ื‘ื—ืจื” ืœืœื‘ื•ืฉ ืืช ื”ื•ื•ืกื˜ ื”ืคื•ืš, ื›ืš ืฉืงืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืชื—ืจื” ืžืขื˜ืจื•ืช ืืช ื”ื’ื‘, ื‘ืขื•ื“ ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ืื—ื•ืจื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื•ื•ืกื˜ ื”ื•ืคืš ืœื—ืœืงื• ื”ืงื“ืžื™ ื•ื”ืกื’ื•ืจ

ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื‘ืขื•ื ื” ืฉื‘ื” ื”ืœื‘ืŸ ืฉื•ืœื˜, ื™ืฉ ืžื™ ืฉื‘ื•ื—ืจื•ืช ืœืœื›ืช ื ื’ื“ ื”ื–ืจื ื•ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืืžื™ืจื” ื ื•ืขื–ืช ืžืฉืœื”ืŸ. ืฉื™ืจ ืืœืžืœื™ื— ื™ืฆืจื” ืจื’ืข ืื•ืคื ืชื™ ื›ื–ื”, ืขื ืฉืžืœื” ืžืœืืช ื ื•ื›ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื•ืชื’ ื™ืฉืจืืœื™, ืื‘ื™ื–ืจื™ื ืœื ืฉื’ืจืชื™ื™ื ื•ื ื’ื™ืขื•ืช ืืœื’ื ื˜ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžื™ื ื•ื ื™ื ืžื“ื•ื™ืงื™ื

ื‘ืชื•ืš ืฉื’ืจืช ื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ื”ืื™ื ื˜ื ืกื™ื‘ื™ืช ื•ื”ืžืœื—ื™ืฆื” ืฉืกื™ื’ืœื ื• ืœืขืฆืžื ื•, ื™ืฉ ืžื™ ืฉื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื” ืœืฆืืช ืœืงืฆืช ื—ื•ืคืฉ. ืžืื™ื” ืงื™ื™ ื”ืขืœืชื” ื’ืœืจื™ื™ืช ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ืžื”ื—ื•ืคืฉื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืฉืœื” ื›ืฉื”ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื™ื ื™ ื™ืจื•ืง ื™ืขืจ ืขืžื•ืง ื•ืžื“ื•ื™ืง. ื›ื•ื›ื‘ืช ื ื•ืกืคืช ืฉืœ ื”ืœื•ืง, ื”ื™ื ืฉืจืฉืจืช ืกื˜ื™ื™ื˜ืžื ื˜ ืขืœื™ื–ื” ืขื ืฆ'ืืจืžื™ื ืžื˜ืืœื™ื ื•ืชืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืžืฉ ืฉื ื•ืชืŸ ืœืœื•ืง ื ื’ื™ืขื” ืฉืœ ืื•ืคื˜ื™ืžื™ื•ืช. ื–ื” ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื

ืกื•ืคืฉื‘ื•ืข ืžืจื’ืฉ ืขื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื ื•ืขื” ืงื™ืจืœ ื•ื“ื ื™ืืœ ืคืจืฅ ืขื ื ื™ืฆื—ื•ืŸ ืงื‘ื•ืฆืชื• ื‘ืจื‘ืข ื’ืžืจ ื”ื’ื‘ื™ืข ื”ืื ื’ืœื™. ื”ืขื™ืชื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™ืช ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืชืื”ื‘ื” ื‘ื”ื ืฉืืฃ ื›ื™ื ืชื” ืืช ื‘ื ื™ ื”ื–ื•ื’ โ€“ ื”ื‘ืงื”ืืžื™ื ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ื. ืืช ื”ื—ื’ ืงื™ื‘ืœื” ืงื™ืจืœ ื‘ืœื•ืง ื”ื•ืจืก, ืฉื™ื ื”ื˜ืจื ื“ ืœืงื™ืฅ ืฉื ืจืื” ื›ืื™ืœื• ื ืœืงื— ืž"ื”ื™ืคื” ื•ื”ื—ื™ื”"

ื–ืžืŸ ืงืฆืจ ืื—ืจื™ ื”ื‘ืฉื•ืจื” ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉืขื•ืžืจ ืื“ื ื•ื‘ืช ื–ื•ื’ื• ืกืฉื” ื™ืฉืจืืœื•ื‘ื™ืฅ' ืžืชื—ืชื ื™ื, ื™ืขืœ ืฉืœื‘ื™ื” ืžืฉื“ืจืช ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช ื‘ืžืฆื‘. ืืชืžื•ืœ ื”ื™ื ื”ืขืœืชื” ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ืžื—ื•ืคืฉื” ืืงื–ื•ื˜ื™ืช, ื•ื ืจืืชื” ืžื“ื”ื™ื ื‘ื—ืœื™ืคื” ืื•ื•ืจื™ืจื™ืช ื•ื™ืคื” ืฉืœ ืžืขืฆื‘ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช. ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื”ืชืืจืกืช

ืื•ืคื˜ื™ืžื™ื•ืช ืขื™ืงืฉืช ื”ื™ื ืื•ืœื™ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืืจื’ื– ื”ื›ืœื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ื›ืจื’ืข, ื•ืžื’ืžืช ื”ืืงืกืกื•ืจื™ื– ืฉืžืกืชืžื ืช ืœืงืจืืช ื”ืขื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืœื’ืžืจื™ ืขื•ืฉื” ืžืžื ื” ืžื˜ืขืžื™ื: ืžื‘ืชื™ ื”ืื•ืคื ื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื•ืขื“ ืžื•ืชื’ื™ื ืžืงื•ืžื™ื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื, ื›ื•ืœื ืžืชืื”ื‘ื™ื ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื‘ื—ืจื•ื–ื™ื ืฆื‘ืขื•ื ื™ื™ื