ืจืืฉื™ ืขื•ื“ ื‘-FF

ืœื“ื™ืคื” ืงื•ืกืœื” ื™ืฉ ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืขื•ืงื‘ื™ื ื‘ืื™ื ืกื˜ื’ืจื ื•ืื—ืจื™ ื”ื—ืชื•ื ื” ื”ืžื˜ื•ืจืคืช ืฉืœื”, ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ื˜ื— ื™ืฉ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื”ืื™ื˜ ื’ื™ืจืœื– ื”ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช ืฉื—ื™ื” ื‘ืœื•ื ื“ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ืชื—ืชื ื” ืขื ื‘ื—ื•ืจ ื”ื•ืœื ื“ื™, ืœื‘ืฉื” ืฉืžืœืช ื›ืœื” ืžืจื”ื™ื‘ื” ืฉืขืœื™ื” ืขื‘ื“ื• ืœื ืคื—ื•ืช ืž-1600 ืฉืขื•ืช ื•ืžื—ื™ืจื” ืขื•ืœื” ืขืœ ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืงืœื™ื. ืžื” ืฉืฉืžืขืชื

ื›ื•ื›ื‘ืช "ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืขืฆืžื" ื ื™ืฉืื” ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ืœื‘ื—ื™ืจ ืœื™ื‘ื”, ื”ืžื•ื–ื™ืงืื™ ื˜ื™ื™ืœื•ืจ ื’ื•ืœื“ืกืžื™ืช', ื‘ื˜ืงืก ืกื•ืคืจ ืฆื ื•ืข ื•ืื™ื ื˜ื™ืžื™ ื‘ื—ืฆืจ ื‘ื™ืชื. ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœืœื›ืช ืขืœ ืœื‘ืŸ ืžืกื•ืจืชื™, ื”ื™ื ื‘ื—ืจื” ื‘ืฉืžืœื” ื•ืจื•ื“ื” ื—ืœื•ืžื™ืช ืฉืœ ืจื•ื“ืืจื˜ื”, ืฉื•ื•ืจืกื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื” ื ืœื‘ืฉื• ื‘ืขื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืื™ื•ื•ื ืงื” ื˜ืจืืžืค, ืงืจื™ืกื˜ืŸ ื“ืื ืกื˜ ื•ืžื™ืœื™ ื‘ื•ื‘ื™ ื‘ืจืื•ืŸ

ืžืจืชื” ืื•ืจื˜ื’ื” ื‘ืช ื”-34, ื‘ืชื• ืฉืœ ืžื™ื™ืกื“ ื–ืืจื” ื•ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืขืฉื™ืจื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืขื•ืœื, ื ื™ืฉืื” ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ืœื‘ื—ื™ืจ ืœื™ื‘ื” ื‘ืื™ืจื•ืข ืกืคืจื“ื™ ืขื ืง ืฉื›ืœืœ ื”ื•ืคืขื” ืฉืœ ื›ืจื™ืก ืžืจื˜ื™ืŸ ื•ื“ื•ื›ืŸ ืžื’ื ื˜ื™ื ืฉืœ ืื—ื“ ืžืฆืœืžื™ ื”ืื•ืคื ื” ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ื™ื•ื. ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ืžื”ื—ืชื•ื ื” ื›ืžืขื˜ ื•ืœื ื™ืฆืื• ืœืชืงืฉื•ืจืช, ืื‘ืœ ื›ืŸ ืฉืœ ืฉืžืœืช ื”ื›ืœื”, ื•ืœื, ื”ื™ื ืžืžืฉ ืœื ืžื–ืืจื•ืฉ

ืื—ืจื™ ืฉืฉืžืœืช ื”ื›ืœื” ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ืฉืขื™ืฆื‘ื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžื™ื™ื’ืŸ ืžืจืงืœ ื”ืชืงื‘ืœื” ื‘ืื”ื“ื” ืขื ืงื™ืช, ื”ืžืขืฆื‘ืช ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ืกืช ืขื•ืฉื” ืืช ื”ืฆืขื“ ื”ืžืชื‘ืงืฉ ื•ืžืฉื™ืงื” ืœื™ื™ืŸ ื›ืœื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉ ื•ืžืจื’ืฉ. ื‘ืชืคืจื™ื˜: ื’ืœื™ืžื•ืช, ื—ืœื™ืคื•ืช, ื”ืจื‘ื” ืชื—ืจื” ื•ื›ืŸ, ื’ื ืืช ื”ืฉืžืœื” ื”ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจืช ืฉืœ ืžื™ื™ื’ืŸ. ื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื”ื‘ืืžืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช? ื”ืŸ ื™ื’ื™ืขื• ื‘ืงืจื•ื‘ ืœืืจืฅ

ื”ื™ื ืื•ืœื™ ื”ืชื—ืชื ื” ื‘ืขื‘ืจ, ืื‘ืœ ืœื˜ืขื ืชื” ื–ื” ื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ื›ืžื• ื”ืคืขื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”. ื‘ืฉืžืœื” ืฉืœ ื•ืœื ื˜ื™ื ื• (ื•ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ืขื•ื“ ืื—ืช ืฉืœ ืกื˜ืœื” ืžืงืจื˜ื ื™) ืคืืœื˜ืจื• ืฆืขื“ื” ืืœ ืขื‘ืจ ื”ื—ื•ืคื” ืขื ื‘ื—ื™ืจ ืœื™ื‘ื”, ื‘ืื™ืจื•ืข ืฉื ืจืื” ืœืงื•ื— ืžืชื•ืš ื”ื—ืœื•ืžื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•

ืžืื– ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื™ืœื“ื” ื”ื™ื ื—ื™ื‘ื‘ื” ืืช ื—ื ื•ืช ื”ืชื›ืฉื™ื˜ื™ื ื”ืื’ื“ื™ืช "ื˜ื™ืคืื ื™'ืก", ืื– ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉืžืกื™ื‘ืช ื”ืจื•ื•ืงื•ืช ืฉืœื” ื ืขืจื›ื” ืฉื. ืคืจื™ืื ืงื” ืฆ'ื•ืคืจื” ื”ื™ื ืžื™ืก ื™ื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืก ืœืฉืขื‘ืจ ื•ืืฉืชื• ืœืขืชื™ื“ ืฉืœ ื ื™ืง ื’'ื•ื ืืก. ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื”ื™ื ืขืจื›ื” ื—ื–ืจื” ื’ื ืจืœื™ืช ืœื—ืชื•ื ื”, ื‘ืฉืžืœื” ืœื‘ื ื” ืฉืœื’ืžืจื™ ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืจืื•ื™ื” ืœืขืžื•ื“ ืžืชื—ืช ืœื—ื•ืคื”

ืžื—ืฉื•ืคื™ื ืืื•ื˜, ืฉืจื•ื•ืœื™ื ืืจื•ื›ื™ื ืื™ืŸ. ื”ื›ืœื•ืช ื”ืžืคื•ืจืกืžื•ืช ื‘ื•ื—ืจื•ืช ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืฉืžืœื•ืช ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื• ืžื‘ื™ื™ืฉื•ืช ื’ื ื—ืชื•ื ื” ื—ืจื“ื™ืช. ืื– ืžื™ ืขืฉืชื” ืืช ื–ื” ื›ืžื• ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ื•ืืช ืžื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืืฉื™ื?

ื‘ืฉืžืœื” ืงืœืืกื™ืช ื•ืขื“ื™ื ื” ืฉืœ ื“ื™ื•ืจ, ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื”ืชื’ื™ื™ืจื”, ื ื™ืฉืื” ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ืงืจืœื™ ืงืœื•ืก ืœื‘ื—ื™ืจ ืœื™ื‘ื” ื’'ื•ืฉื•ืข ืงื•ืฉื ืจ. ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื”ื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืจืฉืžื™ ื—ืœืง ืžืžืฉืคื—ืช ื˜ืจืืžืค ื”ืžื•ืจื—ื‘ืช, ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ื”ืžื•ืŸ ืžื–ืœ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ื‘ื”ืฆืœื—ื”

ื”ื™ื ืื•ืœื™ ืœื ืžืคื•ืจืกืžืช ื›ืžื• ื‘ื ื™ ื”ื“ื•ื“ื™ื ืฉืœื” ื•ื•ื™ืœ ื•ื”ืืจื™, ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ืกื™ื›ื” ื™ื•ื’'ื™ื ื™ ืœื ื ืชื ื” ืœืคืจื˜ ื”ืงื˜ืŸ ื”ื–ื” ืœื”ืจื•ืก ืืช ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืœื”. ืœื”ื™ืคืš, ื”ื—ืชื•ื ื” ืฉื”ืจื™ืžื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืื™ืจื•ืข ื ื•ืฆืฅ ืขื ืจืฉื™ืžืช ืื•ืจื—ื™ื ืฉื ืชื ื” ืคื™ื™ื˜ ืื“ื™ืจ ืœื–ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืืจื™ ื•ืžื™ื™ื’ืŸ. ืื– ื›ืžื” ืขืœืชื” ื”ืฉืžืœื” ื•ืžื™ ื“ืื’ ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืฉื•ื‘ืœ ื”ืžืคื•ืืจ?

ื›ื‘ืจ ื›ืžื” ืฉื ื™ื ืฉืžืขืฆื‘ื™ ื”ืื•ืคื ื” ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ื ืžืฆืœื™ื—ื™ื ืœืชืคื•ืก ืžืงื•ื ืฉืœ ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื‘ืื™ืจื•ืข ื”ื ื—ืฉืง ื‘ืชืคื•ื— ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ. ื’ื ื”ืคืขื ื”ื ื”ืชื‘ืœื˜ื•, ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืกื™ืžื ื• ืืช ื”ืชื•ืฆืจื™ื ื”ืžืจืฉื™ืžื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ื—ื•ืœ-ืœื‘ืŸ (ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืœื‘ืŸ)

ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœื”ืชื—ืชืŸ ื‘ืื™ืจื•ืข ืขื ืง ื›ื™ืื” ืœื‘ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืœืฉืขื‘ืจ ืฉืœ ืืจื”"ื‘, ื‘ืจื‘ืจื” ื‘ื•ืฉ ื‘ืช ื”-36 ื ื™ืฉืื” ืœื‘ื—ื™ืจ ืœื™ื‘ื” ื‘ื˜ืงืก ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื ื˜ื™ืžื™ ืžื•ืœ 20 ืื™ืฉ ื‘ืœื‘ื“. ืื•ืœื ืื™ืคื” ืฉื•ื•ื™ืชืจื” ืขืœ ืžื—ื•ื•ืช ื’ืจื ื“ื™ื•ื–ื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืคื™ืฆืชื” ื‘ืฉืžืœื” ืžื”ืžืžืช ืžื‘ื™ืช ื•ืจื” ื•ื•ืื ื’, ืฉืžื•ื›ื™ื—ื” ืฉืคืฉื˜ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืœื ืžื™ืœื” ื’ืกื”

ื”ืฉืžืœื” ืžืื—ื“ ื”ืžื•ืชื’ื™ื ื”ื ื—ืฉืงื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื, ื”ื”ื™ื ื•ืžื” ืฉื”ืคื›ื” ืœื’ืœื™ืžื”, ื”ื—ืชืŸ ื”ื—ืชื™ืš ื•ื”ื˜ื‘ืขืช ืขื ื”ืงืฉืจ ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ - ื”ื›ืœ ืžื•ืฉืœื ื‘ื—ืชื•ื ื” ื”ืงื™ืฆื™ืช ืฉืœ ืืœื›ืกื ื“ืจื” ืงืจืœ ื•ื’'ื™ื™ืงื•ื‘ ื’'ื•ืŸ ื”ืืจืžืจ ื‘ืงื•ืคื ื”ื’ืŸ. ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืขื ื”ืœืกืช ืฉืžื•ื˜ื”

ืงื™ื ืงืจื“ืฉื™ืืŸ, ื‘ืœื” ื—ื“ื™ื“, ืืจื™ืื ื” ื’ืจื ื“ื” ื•ื ื•ืขื” ืงื™ืจืœ โ€“ ื”ืŸ ืจืง ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื”ืขืœื• ืืช ื”ืงื•ืงื• ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื” ืœื“ืจื’ืช ืžืืกื˜ ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืฉื™ืขืจ. ื–ื” ืžื—ืžื™ื, ื ื•ื— ื•ื ื•ืกื˜ืœื’ื™ ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” โ€“ ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืžืชืกืจื•ืงืช ืžื ืฆื—ืช. ื”ื›ื™ื ื• ืืช ื”ื’ื•ืžื™ื•ืช

ื”ืื™ื˜ ื’ื™ืจืœ ื”ืฆืจืคืชื™ื” ืืŸ-ืœื•ืจ ืžื” ืžื•ืจื• ื”ืชื—ืชื ื” ืขื ืฉืžืœืช ื›ืœื” ืกืื˜ื ื™ืช ืขื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ืื•ืจืš ืžื™ื“ื™ ืืœื™ื” ืฆื•ืจืคื• ืžื™ื•ืœืก ื•ื™ื ื˜ื’'ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืœื•ืื™ ื•ื™ื˜ื•ืŸ ื•ืชื™ืง ืงื˜ืŸ. ื”ืชืขืœืคื ื• ืžื”ืกื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืžืœื” ื•ืžื”ืงื•ืœื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื”ื—ืชื•ื ื” ื”ื–ื•

ืœื ื—ืกืจื•ืช ื—ืชื•ื ื•ืช ืžื•ื’ื–ืžื•ืช ื•ืฉื•ืžื˜ื•ืช ืœืกืช ืœื”ืชืื‘ืกืก ืขืœื™ื”ืŸ ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜, ืื‘ืœ ืื™ืŸ ืกืคืง ืฉื–ื• ืื—ืช ืžืฉื•ื‘ื—ืช ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“: ื”ื‘ืœื•ื’ืจื™ืช ื”ื ื•ืจื•ื•ื’ื™ืช ื”ืชื—ืชื ื” ื‘ืžืœื•ืŸ ืคืืจ ื•ื ืฆื™ืื ื™ ื‘ืื™ืจื•ืข ืฉื ืคืจืก ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื™ืžื™ื ื•ื‘ืฉืžืœื” ืขื ืฉื•ื‘ืœ ื ื•ืฆื•ืช ืžื˜ื•ืจืฃ ืฉื ืคืจืก ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ื›ืœ ื”ื™ื‘ืฉืช ื‘ืขืจืš, ื•ื–ื” ืžื”ืคื ื˜