ืจืืฉื™ ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื”

ื›ืŸ, ื”ื™ื ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืžื™ืงื•ื ื•ืก. ืืœื” ื”ื ื—ื™ื™ื”, ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฉืชื“ืœื•ืช ืฉืœื ืœื”ืชืžืจืžืจ ื•ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื–ืืช ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœืกืงืจ ืฉื•ื‘ ืืช ืชื›ื•ืœืช ื”ืžื–ื•ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœื”. ื”ืคืขื ืกืคืจื ื• ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื‘ื™ืงื™ื ื™ื– - ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžืขืžื“ ืื™ืงื•ื ื™, ืฉืชื™ ืฉืžืœื•ืช ืขืจื‘ ืžืฉื’ืขื•ืช, ื•ื–ื•ื’ ืžื›ื ืกื™ื™ื ืื—ื“ ืฉืคืฉื•ื˜ ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืชืขืœื ืžืžื ื•

ื”ื›ื•ื›ื‘ืช ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช ื™ืฆืื” ืœื ืคื•ืฉ ืงืจื•ื‘ ืœื‘ื™ืช, ื‘ืกื ื˜ื•ืจื™ื ื™ ืฉื‘ื™ื•ื•ืŸ, ื•ื”ืขืœืชื” ืชืžื•ื ื” ืขื ืื—ื“ ืžืคืจื™ื˜ื™ ื”ืื™ื˜ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ื ื”: ื‘ื’ื“ ื™ื ืฉืœื ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ืชื’ ื˜ื•ื˜ื. ืืคืฉืจ ืœืงื ื•ืช ืื•ืชื• ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืื• ื‘ืืชืจ ื”ืจืฉืžื™, ื•ื”ื•ื ืืžื ื ืœื ื–ื•ืœ โ€“ ืื‘ืœ ื™ื—ืกื™ืช ื‘ืจ ื”ืฉื’ื”

ื›ืฉืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืœื•ื›ื” ื”ื“ื ื™, ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ืคื ื˜ื–ื™ื” ืฉืœ ืื•ืคื ื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ื” ืžื’ื‘ืœืช ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ - ืืœืžื ื˜ ืฉืžืขื•ืจืจ ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ, ื•ื‘ืฆื“ืง. ื–ื” ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื”ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื“ื™ืงื˜ื” ืช'ื•ืกื˜ืจืค - ื‘ืช ื”ื–ื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืจื•ื–ืŸ ืžื•ื ืคื–ืื˜ ื ื™ืงื•ืœืื™, ื‘ืŸ ืœืžืฉืคื—ืช ื”ืžืœื•ื›ื” ื”ื“ื ื™ืช. ื”ื™ื ืฆืขื™ืจื”, ื™ืคื”, ืฉื•ืชืคื” ื‘ืขืกืง ืœืื‘ื™ื–ืจื™ ืฉื™ืขืจ ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื” ืื™ื ืกื˜ื’ืจื ืžืขื•ืจืจ ื”ืฉืจืื”. ืืกืงืคื™ื–ื ื‘ืžื™ื˜ื‘ื•

ืื ื™ืฉ ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœืกืžื•ืš ืขืœื™ื• - ื–ื” ื”ื˜ื™ื•ืœ ื”ื™ื•ืžื™ ืฉืœ ืืžื™ืœื™ ืจื˜ืื™ื™ืงืื•ืกืงื™ ืขื ื”ื›ืœื‘ ืฉืœื”, ืฉืžืกืคืง ืชืžื™ื“ (ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืื•ื•ืจื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ื”ื•ืœืš ืขืœ ืืจื‘ืข) ื”ืฉืจืื” ืœื—ื•ื‘ื‘ื™ ืื•ืคื ื” ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ื”ืคืขื ื”ื™ื ื‘ื—ืจื” ื‘ืžืจืื” ืฉืงื•ืœืข ื‘ื•ืœ ืœืงื™ืฅ ื‘ืœื™ ืœื”ืชืืžืฅ ื‘ื›ืœืœ: ืžื™ืงืจื•-ืฉื•ืจื˜ืก, ื’ื•ืคื™ื™ืช ืกื‘ื ื•ืืงืกืกื•ืจื™ื– ืฉืœ ืฉื ื•ืช ื”-2000

ื”ื›ื•ื›ื‘ืช ื”ื’ื™ืขื” ืœื—ืชื•ื ืช ื”ืฉื ื” ืฉื”ืชืงื™ื™ืžื” ื‘ื”ื•ื“ื•, ื•ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื”ื—ื’ื™ื’ื•ืช ื”ืืงืกื˜ืจื•ื•ื’ื ื˜ื™ื•ืช ื”ืกืชื™ื™ืžื• - ื”ืชืคื ืชื” ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ ืงืฆืช ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœืขื•ืœื. ื›ื™ืื” ืœืคืจืกื•ื ื”, ื”ื™ื ืขืฉืชื” ื’ื ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ืฉืžืœืช ืขืจื‘ ื•ืื™ืคื•ืจ ืžื•ืฉืœื

ืฉืžืœื” ืคืจื—ื•ื ื™ืช ืขื ืงืื˜ ืืื•ื˜ื™ื, ื—ืฆืื™ืช ืื•ื•ืจื™ืจื™ืช, ืชื™ืงื™ ื—ื•ืฃ ื•ืžื˜ืคื—ืช ืžื•ืฉืœืžืช ืฉืžืฉืชืœื‘ืช ืขื ื”ื ื•ืฃ. ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉื”ื›ื•ื›ื‘ืช ืœื‘ืฉื” ื‘ื—ื•ืคืฉื” ื”ืจื•ืžื ื˜ื™ืช ืขื ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืœื•ื™

ืื™ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืื™ื˜ื’ื™ืจืœืก ืžืงื•ืžื™ื•ืช ืฉืื•ื—ื–ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืชืขื•ื–ื” ื•ื”ืื“ื’' ืฉืœ ืขื“ืŸ ืคื™ื ืก, ืื– ื’ื ื›ืฉื”ื™ื ื”ื•ืœื›ืช ืขืœ ื—ืฉื™ืคืช ืฉื™ื - ื–ื” ื ืจืื” ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ื•ืžืœื ืกื˜ื™ื™ืœ. ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื”ื–ื” ืžื›ื›ื‘ืช ืฉืžืœื” ืžื˜ืจื™ืคื” ืฉืžื“ื’ื™ืžื” ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ืืช ื”ื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ืกืงืกื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืงื™ืฅ, ื•ืงืฉื” ืœื”ืชืขืœื ื’ื ืžื”ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ืขื“ืŸ ื‘ืŸ ื–ืงืŸ

ื›ืฉืืœื™ืŸ ื›ื”ืŸ ื™ื•ืฆืืช ืœื—ื•ืคืฉื”, ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื›ื™ื ื•ืช ืืช ืืžืฆืขื™ ื”ื—ืงื™ืจื” ื”ืžืฉื•ื›ืœืœื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœื ื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื‘ืœื•ืฉ ื•ืœื“ื•ื’ ื‘ืจืฉืช ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืืช ื”ืคืจื™ื˜ื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื ืืจื–ื” ืื™ืชื”. ื’ื ื”ืคืขื ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืขื™ ื”ืžืœืชื—ื” ืฉืœื” ืœื ืื›ื–ื‘ื•, ื•ื›ืœืœื• ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืฉืžืœื•ืช ืขืจื‘ ืžืฉื’ืขื•ืช ื•ืฉื ื™ ืกื˜ื™ื ืžืขื•ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ื˜ื•ืค ื•ื—ืฆืื™ืช

ืจื’ืข ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื’ื™ืœื ื• ืฉืกืคื™ืจ ืื‘ื™ืกืจื•ืจ ื•ื‘ืขืœื” ื”ืชืžืกืจื• ืœืžืฉื™ืžื” ืฉื ืงืจืืช "ื”ืžื™ืจื•ืฅ ืœืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ", ื™ืฆืื ื• ืœืžืฉื™ืžื” ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืืช ื”ืกื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืฉืœื”. ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืกื˜ื™ื™ืœ ื™ืฉ ืœื” ื•ืœื ืžืขื˜. ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืื•ืคื ืชื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื” ื ืขืฉื•ืช ืขื ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช, ื˜ืจื ื“ื™ื•ืช ื•ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ื•ืช. ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืจืง ื ื•ืชืจ ืœื—ื›ื•ืช ื•ืœืจืื•ืช ืื™ืš ื”ืคืฉื ื™ืกื˜ื” ื”ืžืกื•ืจื” ืชืกืชื“ืจ ืขื ืžื’ื‘ืœื•ืช ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ื ื•ืงืฉื•ืช

ื”ื“ื•ื’ืžื ื™ืช ื™ืฆืื” ืœื—ื•ืคืฉื” ื‘ืื™ื‘ื™ื–ื”, ื•ื›ืžื• ืชืžื™ื“ โ€“ ื”ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื ืฉืœืงื—ื” ืื™ืชื” ื”ื ื”ื›ืœ ื—ื•ืฅ ืžื‘ื ืืœื™ื™ื. ืคื™ื ืก ืขืจื‘ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื’ื‘ื•ื” ืœื ืžื•ืš ื•ื”ืฆื™ื’ื” ื‘ืื•ืชื” ื ืฉื™ืžื” ืกื˜ ืฉืœ ืžื™ื• ืžื™ื• ืœืฆื“ ื‘ื™ืงื™ื ื™ ืกืจื•ื’ ื ื•ืขื– ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื‘ืื‘ื. ืชื•ื“ื• ืฉืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื“ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ื ื•ืฃ ื‘ืœืขื“ื™ื”

ื”ื•ื ื•ืจ ื‘ืช ื”-16 ื•ื”ื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ื‘ืช ื”-12 ืœื™ื•ื• ืืช ื’'ืกื™ืงื” ืืœื‘ื” ืœืคืจืžื™ื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ืกืจื˜ื” ื”ื—ื“ืฉ. ืฉืชื™ื”ืŸ ืœื‘ืฉื• ืฉืžืœื•ืช ื ื•ืกื˜ืœื’ื™ื•ืช ืฉืืžืŸ ืœื‘ืฉื” ื‘ืฉื ื•ืช ื”-2000 ื”ืžื•ืงื“ืžื•ืช โ€“ ื•ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืชืžื™ื“. ื›ื›ื” ื–ื” ื›ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืืจื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืื•ืคื ืชื™

ื‘ืจ ืžืจื•ื, ืฉืขื•ืžื“ืช ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ ื”ืžื•ืชื’ ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ ื”ืื”ื•ื‘ "ื‘ืจื ื“ื”", ื™ืฆืื” ืœื ืคื•ืฉ ื‘ืžื™ืงื•ื ื•ืก ื•ืืจื–ื” ืืช ืžืœืชื—ืช ื”ืจื™ื–ื•ืจื˜ ื”ืžื•ืฉืœืžืช. ื—ืฆืื™ื•ืช ืื•ื•ืจื™ืจื™ื•ืช, ื˜ื•ืคื™ื ื ืฉืคื›ื™ื ื•ื‘ื™ืงื™ื ื™ โ€“ ืžืชื•ื‘ืœื™ื ื‘ืœื™ืœื•ืช ืฉืœืžื™ื ืฉืœ ืฉื™ื ื” ื•ื’ืขื’ื•ืขื™ื ืœืคืขื•ื˜ื” ืฉื ืฉืืจื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืช

ื”ื›ื•ื›ื‘ืช ื”ืจื™ืžื” ื”ืคืงื” ืžื˜ื•ืจืคืช ื‘ืื•ื•ื™ืจืช ืžืขืจื‘ื•ืŸ ืกืงืกื™, ื•ื‘ื—ืจื” ืœืขืฆืžื” ืืื•ื˜ืคื™ื˜ ืฉืœ ืงื™ื ืงืกืืก โ€“ ืžืขืฆื‘ืช ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ืช ืฉื—ื™ื” ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ืืœื” ื‘ื™ืคื•. ื”ื™ื ืœื‘ืฉื” ืžื—ื•ืš ืงืจื™ืกื˜ืœื™ื ื•ื’'ื™ื ืก ืขื ืงืจืขื™ื, ืฉื—ืฉืฃ ื‘ื™ืจื™ื•ืช ื ื•ืฆืฆื•ืช. ืœื ืฆื™ืคื™ื ื• ืœืคื—ื•ืช

ืจื’ืข ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืงืคืฆื” ืœืื™ื‘ื™ื–ื”, ื”ื“ื•ื’ืžื ื™ืช ื”ื’ื™ืขื” ืœืงื“ื ืืช ืžื•ืชื’ ืžืฉืงืคื™ ื”ืฉืžืฉ ืฉืœ ื‘ืŸ ื–ื•ื’ื”, ืขื•ืžืจ ืื“ื. ื”ื™ื ืฉืžืจื” ืืžื•ื ื™ื ืœืžื•ืชื’ ืฉืื•ืชื• ื”ื™ื ืžืฉื’ืจืจืช โ€“ ืจื ื•ืืจ, ื•ืœื‘ืฉื” ืกื˜ ืฉื—ื•ืจ ืฆืžื•ื“ ืฉื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืืช ื”ืฆื“ ื”ืงืฉื•ื— ืฉืœื”

ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื” ื”ื™ื ืžื ืชื‘ืช ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืคืจื™ื˜ื™ ืœื‘ื•ืฉ ืฉื•ื ื™ื โ€“ ื‘ืฉื‘ื•ืข ืฉืขื‘ืจ ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืžื—ื˜ื‘ ืžืื’ืฃ ื”ืœื ื–'ืจื™, ื•ื”ืคืขื ื”ื™ื ื”ืกื‘ื” ืืช ื‘ื’ื“ ื”ื™ื ืฉืœื” ืœื˜ื•ืค. ืชืฉืžื—ื• ืœืฉืžื•ืข ืฉื”ื•ื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ืžื™ืŸ ื‘ื—ื ื•ื™ื•ืช, ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ืžื—ื™ืจ ืฉืคื•ื™