ืจืืฉื™ ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื”

ืžืื– ืฉื‘ื ื” ืื’ื ื ื•ืœื“, ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื›ื•ื›ื‘ืช ื‘ืจืฉืชื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื•ืช ืงื™ื‘ืœื” ืชืคื ื™ืช โ€“ ืื‘ืœ ืœื ืจืง ืœื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ืื™ืžื”ื•ืช. ื”ื™ื ืžืขืœื” ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืขื•ื“ ื•ืขื•ื“ ืœื•ืงื™ื ืžื•ืงืคื“ื™ื ื•ืžืฆื™ื’ื” ืกื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืžืœื•ื˜ืฉ ืžืชืžื™ื“, ืฉื›ื•ืœืœ ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ืืงืกืกื•ืจื™ื– ืžื“ื•ื™ืงื•ืช ื•ืžืขื•ืจืจื•ืช ืงื ืื”

ืžื’ื™ืฉืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื”ืื”ื•ื‘ื” ืขืœื™ื ื• ื—ื’ื’ื” ื‘ื—ืชื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ืื—ื•ืชื” โ€“ ื•ื ืชื ื” ืœื ื• ืขื•ื“ ื”ืฆืฆื” ืœืกื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืฉืœื” ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœืžืกืš. ื–ื” ื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ืฉืžืœื” ืงืœืืกื™ืช ืขื ืงืฆืช ื’ืœืื, ื•ืขื‘ืจ ืœืฉืžืœื” ืงืœื™ืœื” ืื‘ืœ ืžืขื•ืœื” ืฉืœ ื–ืืจื” ืฉื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉืžื—ื•ืช ืœืฉื™ื ืขืœื™ื” ืืช ื”ื™ื“ื™ื™ื

ืขื ืžืฆื‘ ื”ืจื•ื— ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ, ื•ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืขื ื”ืœื•ืง ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ, ื’ื ื”ื—ืฆืจ ื”ืงื˜ื ื” ืฉืœื™ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื•ืคื›ืช ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืœื™ืขืจ ื”ืคื™ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื• ืืคืฉืจ ืœืจื—ืฃ ื‘ืฉืžืœื•ืช ื”ื›ื™ ืžื•ื’ื–ืžื•ืช. ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ืœืกื˜ื™ื™ืœื™ื ื’ ืฉืœ ืฉื ืงืจ ื”ืคื›ื• ืืช ื”ืคื ื˜ื–ื™ื” ื”ื–ืืช ืœืžืฆื™ืื•ืช, ื•ื™ืฆืจื• ืงืคืกื•ืœื” ื”ืฉืจืื” ืฉืœ ืขื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืคืจืื™ืช ื•ืžืจืื•ืช ืงื™ืฅ ื ื•ืขื–ื™ื

ืœื ืžื•ืคืจืš ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ืฉื”ืฆื‘ืข ืฉื ื˜ืข ืืœื—ืžื™ืกื˜ืจ ื”ื›ื™ ืžื–ื•ื”ื” ืื™ืชื• ื”ื•ื ื–ื”ื‘ - ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ืฉื™ื–ื•ืฃ ื”ื’ืœื•ืื• ื”ืžืคื•ืจืกื ื•ื”ื•ื•ื™ื™ื‘ ื”ื›ืœืœื™ ืฉืœ ื›ื•ื›ื‘ืช ื–ื•ื”ืจืช. ื”ืคืขื ื–ื” ืžืชื‘ื˜ื ื’ื ื‘ืื—ื“ ื”ืœื•ืงื™ื ื”ื›ื™ ื™ืคื™ื ืฉืจืื™ื ื• ืขืœื™ื”, ืฉื‘ืžืจื›ื–ื• ื—ืฆืื™ืช ืื—ืช ืžื ืฆื—ืช (ื•ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ื—ื›ื ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืขื ื”ื ืขืœื™ื™ื)

ืื•ืœื™ืžืคื™ื”, ื ืกื™ื›ืช ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื•ื“ื ืžืจืง ื‘ืชืคืงื™ื“ื” ื”ืจืฉืžื™ ื•ืคืืฉื ื™ืกื˜ื” ื ื”ื“ืจืช ื‘ื–ืžื ื” ื”ืคื ื•ื™, ื”ื’ื™ืขื” ืขื ื”ื”ื•ืจื™ื ืœื˜ืงืก ื‘ืงื•ืœื’' ืฉืœ ืื—ื™ื” ื”ื ืกื™ืš ื”ืงื˜ืŸ, ื•ื–ืจืงื” ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื” ืœื•ืง ืงื–'ื•ืืœื™ ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ืฉืคืฉื•ื˜ ืžืชืคื•ืฆืฅ ืžืกื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืžืขื•ืจืจ ืงื ืื” ื•ื”ืฉืจืื”. ื•ื”ืฉืžืœื” ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื ืžื’ื™ืขื” ืขื ืชื’ ืžื—ื™ืจ ืžืœื›ื•ืชื™ ืžื“ื™

ืื™ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื• ืžืขื–ื•ืช ืœืฆืืช ื›ื›ื” ืžื”ื‘ื™ืช, ืื‘ืœ ืขื“ืŸ ืœื ืžืคื—ื“ืช ืžืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ. ื”ื™ื ื”ื’ื™ืขื” ืœืคืกื˜ื™ื‘ืœ ืงืืŸ ื•ื”ืคื ื˜ื” ืืช ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ื ื‘ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ ืฉื›ื•ืœืœ ืคืจื—ื™ื ืฉืขื•ื˜ืคื™ื ืืช ื”ื—ื–ื”, ื‘ื“ ืฉืงื•ืฃ ืžืชืœืคืฃ ื•ืžืจืื” ื›ืœืœื™ ืฉืœ ื ื™ืžืคืช ื™ื

ื”ืคืงืช ื”ืื•ืคื ื” ืฉืชืœื•ื•ื” ืืช ื”ืจืื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืจื“ืžื™ ื‘ืžื’ื–ื™ืŸ ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข ืฉืœ mako ื›ื‘ืจ ืžืกืคืงืช ื”ืฆืฆื•ืช ืœื•ื”ื˜ื•ืช ื‘ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ ืฉืœื”: ื—ืœื™ืคื•ืช, ื—ื–ื™ื•ืช, ื•ืฉืžืœื” ืื—ืช ืžืขื•ืœื” ืฉืชื•ืกืคืช ื’ืื•ื ื™ืช ื”ืคื›ื” ืื•ืชื” ืœืžื•ืฉืœืžืช. ื™ืฉ ืœืžื” ืœื—ื›ื•ืช

ื”ื“ื•ื’ืžื ื™ืช ื”ื–ื ื™ืงื” ืืช ื”ืขื•ื ื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืจืฉืžื™, ื‘ืกื˜ ืฆื™ืœื•ืžื™ ืชื“ืžื™ืช ืฉื›ื•ืœื• ืขืœ ื˜ื”ืจืช ืžืœืชื—ืช ื”ื—ื•ืฃ. ื‘ื™ืงื™ื ื™, ืฉืžืœื” ืงืœื™ืœื” ื•ืชื›ืฉื™ื˜ื™ื ื›ืžื• ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœืืฃ ืื—ืช ืื—ืจืช โ€“ ื–ืืช ื‘ื•ืœ ื”ื”ืฉืจืื” ืฉื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื•ืช ืขื›ืฉื™ื•

ืื—ืจื™ ืกื“ืจืช ื‘ื’ื“ื™ ื™ื ืฉื“ื’ืžื ื” ืœื™ื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ื›ื” ื”ื‘ื™ืชื™ืช, ื”ืคืืฉื ื™ืกื˜ื” ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช ื™ืฆืื” ืœื ืกื™ืขืช ืžืฉืคื™ืขื ื™ื ื‘ืฆืจืคืช ื•ืฉืœืคื” ืžื”ืืจื•ืŸ ื›ืžื” ืคืจื™ื˜ื™ ืžืขืฆื‘ื™ื. ื‘ื™ื ืชื™ื™ื ื”ื™ื• ืฉื ืฉื ื™ ืœื•ืงื™ื ืœื ืฉื’ืจืชื™ื™ื, ื•ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื”ืขื•ืงื‘ื•ืช ื—ืœื•ืงื•ืช ื‘ื“ืขื•ืชื™ื”ืŸ โ€“ ืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ืขื“ ื”ืชื ืกื•ื™ื•ืช ืื•ืคื ืชื™ื•ืช

ื”ื“ื•ื’ืžื ื™ืช, ื”ืฉื—ืงื ื™ืช ื•ื”ื–ืžืจืช ื ืกืขื” ืœื—ื•ืคืฉื” ื‘ืื™ื™ ืกื™ื™ืฉืœ, ื•ื”ื‘ื™ืื” ืื™ืชื” ื›ืžื” ืฉื—ืงื ื™ ื—ื™ื–ื•ืง: ื‘ื’ื“ ื™ื ืžืขื•ืœื”, ืฉืžืœื” ื ื™ื ื•ื—ื” ืืš ืฉื•ืžื˜ืช ืœืกืชื•ืช ื•ื—ืœื™ืคื” ืฉืžืชืื™ืžื” ืœืืงืœื™ื ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™. ื•ืžื” ืงื•ืจื” ื‘ืื’ืฃ ื”ื ืขืœื™ื™ื? ืชืขืœื•ืžื”

ืงืฉื” ืœื”ืชืขืœื ืžื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื•ืช ื”ืžื”ืคื ื˜ืช ืฉืœ ืคืจื ืฆ'ืกืงื” ื‘ืกื“ืจืช ื”ืœื”ื™ื˜ ืฉืœ ื ื˜ืคืœื™ืงืก, ื•ื’ื ืœืฉื—ืงื ื™ืช ืฉืžื’ืœืžืช ืื•ืชื” ืœื ื—ืกืจื™ื ื›ืจื™ื–ืžื” ื•ืกื˜ื™ื™ืœ. ื”ื™ื ื›ื‘ืจ ืžื ื•ืกื” ืขืœ ืฉื˜ื™ื—ื™ื ืื“ื•ืžื™ื ื•ื‘ืงืžืคื™ื™ืŸ ื™ื•ืงืจืชื™ื™ื, ื—ื•ื‘ื‘ืช ืฉืžืœื•ืช ืขืจื‘ ื“ืจืžื˜ื™ื•ืช ื•ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ืื™ื–ื” ืžืจืื” ื‘ื™ื•ื˜ื™ ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืขืœื™ื” ืžื•ืฉืœื. ื”ื›ื™ืจื• ืืช ื”ืื ื” ื“ื•ื“

ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื”ื™ื™ืœื™ ื•ื’'ืกื˜ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืฉืจื• ืœืขื•ืœื ืขืœ ื”ื”ืจื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ืœ, ื”ื’ื™ืข ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืœื ื• ืืช ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืงืจื” ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ื”ืกืชืจื”. ื”ืื™ื˜-ื’ื™ืจืœ ื”ืื”ื•ื‘ื” ื”ืขืœืชื” ื“ืืžืค ืขื ืกื“ืจืช ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ืžื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื, ื›ื•ืœืœ ืœื•ืง ืงื™ืฆื™ ืœื•ื”ื˜ ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“

ืื—ืช ื”ืื•ืจื—ื•ืช ื”ืžื‘ื•ืงืฉื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ื”ื’ื™ืขื” ืœืชืฆื•ื’ืช ื”ืื•ืคื ื” ืฉืœ ื’ื•ืฆ'ื™ ื‘ืœื•ื ื“ื•ืŸ, ื•ืื™ืชื” ื™ืฉื‘ื” ื‘ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื’ื ื”ื‘ืขืœื™ื ืฉืœื”, ื“ืžื™ ืžื•ืจ. ื”ื›ืœื‘ื” ื”ืงื˜ื ื˜ื ื” ืคื™ืœืืฃ ืืžื ื ื’ื ื‘ื” ืืช ื”ื”ืฆื’ื” ื›ื”ืจื’ืœื”, ืื‘ืœ ืžื•ืจ ื‘ืช ื”-61 ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื” ืœืฉืžื•ื˜ ืœื ื• ืืช ื”ืœืกืช ื‘ืœื•ืง ืกื•ืคืจ ืกืงืกื™

ื”ืžื˜ ื’ืืœื” ื”ื•ื ื›ื ืจืื” ื”ืื™ืจื•ืข ื”ืื•ืคื ืชื™ ื”ื‘ื•ืœื˜ ื‘ืขื•ืœื, ื•ืžื™ ืฉื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื” ืœื’ื ื•ื‘ ื‘ื• ืืช ื”ื”ืฆื’ื” ื”ืฉื ื” ื”ื™ื ื˜ื™ื™ืœื” โ€“ ืžื•ื–ื™ืงืื™ืช ืฆืขื™ืจื” ืฉื”ื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ืฉืžืœืช ื—ื•ืœ ืฉืคื•ืกืœื” ืขืœ ื’ื•ืคื”. ื‘ืฉืืจ ื™ืžื•ืช ื”ืฉื ื” ื”ื™ื ืื•ื”ื‘ืช ืคืจื™ื˜ื™ื ืกืงืกื™ื™ื ืฉื›ื•ืœืœื™ื ื—ื™ืชื•ื›ื™ื ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื•ื˜ืงืกื˜ื•ืจื•ืช, ืขื ื”ืฉืจืื” ืžื›ื•ื›ื‘ื•ืช ืคื•ืค ืื™ื™ืงื•ื ื™ื•ืช

ื’ื“ืขื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ื‘ืจืฉื™ืžื” ื”ืืจื•ื›ื” ืฉืœ ืžืฉืคื™ืขื ื™ื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ื•ืช ื‘ื—ื•ืคื™ ืชืื™ืœื ื“, ื•ื”ื™ื ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ืืจื–ื” ืื™ืชื” ืืช ื”ืžื™ื˜ื‘ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช ืœื”ืฆื™ืข: ืฉื ื™ ื‘ื’ื“ื™ ื™ื ืžืขื•ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ืชื’ ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ ื”ืžื—ืžื™ื, ื•ื—ืฆืื™ืช ื”ื™ืกื˜ืจื™ืช ืฉื‘ืขืฆื ื”ืชื‘ืจืจื” ื›ืžื›ื ืกื™ื™ื ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืžืžื•ืชื’ ืžืงื•ืžื™ ืื”ื•ื‘ ื ื•ืกืฃ. ืื‘ืœ ืœื ืคืกืคืกื ื• ื’ื ืืช ื‘ื—ื™ืจืช ื”ืชื™ืง ื”ืžืคืชื™ืขื”