ืื™ืŸ ืกืคืง ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืฆื‘ืข ื”ื—ื ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื•ืจืฃ. ื ืฉืืจ ืจืง ืœืžืฆื•ื ืืช ื”ืคืจื™ื˜ ื”ืžื ืฆื—

ื ื›ื•ืŸ, ื”ืงื™ืฉื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืื‘ื™ื‘ ืœืคืจื—ื™ื ื”ื•ื ืœื ืžืžืฉ ืคื•ืจืฅ ื“ืจืš, ืื‘ืœ ืœืคืขืžื™ื ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ื ืžืฆื ืžืžืฉ ืžืชื—ืช ืœืืฃ ืฉืœื ื•

ืžืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืขื™ืชื•ื ืื™ื ืžืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืคืœืืฉื™ื, ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ ื”ืฉืงื” ื ื•ืฆืฆื™ื, ืฆื ื™ื—ื” ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ืช, ืกื™ื‘ื•ื‘ ืขืœ ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ืžื™ืจื•ืฅ, ืืจื•ื—ืช ืขืจื‘ ื™ื•ืงืจืชื™ืช ื•ืงืฆืช ืฉื™ื–ื•ืฃ ืขืœ ื™ืื›ื˜ื” ืขื ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช. ืืช ื›ืœ ืืœื” ืขืฉืชื” ื‘ืœื” ื—ื“ื™ื“ ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข, ื•ืขื•ื“ ืงื™ื‘ืœื” ืขืœ ื–ื” ืžืฉื›ื•ืจืช

ืžืขื™ื™ืŸ ืืฉื›ื ื–ื™ ืžืคืชื™ืขื” ื‘ืฉืžืœืช ืคืจื—ื™ื ืžืงืกื™ืžื”, ืงื•ืจื™ืŸ ื’ื“ืขื•ืŸ ื‘ืžื•ืชื’ื™ ืขืœ, ืขื™ื ืช ืืจืœื™ืš ื‘ืกื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืžื“ื•ื™ืง, ืกื ื“ืจื” ืจื™ื’ืœืจ ืฆื‘ืขื•ื ื™ืช ืžื”ืจื’ื™ืœ, ื•ื“ื ื” ื–ืจืžื•ืŸ ืœื ืžืคื—ื“ืช ืžื˜ืจื ื“ื™ื ื ื•ืขื–ื™ื. ื”ืกืœื‘ืก ืžืกืคืจื•ืช ืœื ื• ืžื” ื”ืŸ ืœื•ื‘ืฉื•ืช

ืจื ืฆื• ืจื•ืกื•, ืžื™ ืฉื™ื™ืกื“ ืืช ื“ื™ื–ืœ ืœืคื ื™ 39 ืฉื ื” ื•ื”ืคืš ืื•ืชื• ืœืžื•ืชื’ ื”ื“ื ื™ื ื”ืžืฆืœื™ื— ื‘ืขื•ืœื, ื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื›ื“ื™ ืœืžืฆื•ื ืฉืคื” ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช ืขื ื”ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืฆืขื™ืจ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืฆื™ืข ืœื• ืขื•ื“ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื—ื•ืฅ ืžื’'ื™ื ืกื™ื. ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืชืจื—ื‘ ื”ืœื™ื™ื‘ืœ ืœื›ื“ื™ ืื™ืžืคืจื™ื™ืช ืœื™ื™ืคืกื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืžืฉื’ืฉื’ืช, ื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ, ื’ื•ืœืช ื”ื›ื•ืชืจืช ืฉืœ ื“ื™ื–ืœ ืชืžื™ื“ ืชื™ืฉืืจ ืื•ืชื• ื’'ื™ื ืก ืืœืžื•ืชื™, ืฉื›ืขืช ืขื•ืฉื” ืืช ื”ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื’ื™ืจืกื” ื ื•ื—ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ

ื‘ืขื ืงื™ืช ื”ืื•ืคื ื” ืคืกืคืกื• ืืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉื”ืฆืคืจื“ืข ื”ืชืžื™ืžื” ืขืœ ืื—ืช ื”ื—ืฆืื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ื‘ืขืฆื ื“ืžื•ืช ืื ื˜ื™ืฉืžื™ืช ืฉืขื•ืžื“ืช ื‘ืžืจื›ื–ื• ืฉืœ ื’ืœ ืžืžื™ื ืฉืžืกื™ืชื™ื ืœืฉื ืื”. ื”ื’ื•ืœืฉื™ื ื”ื–ื•ืขืžื™ื ื”ืขื™ืจื• ืืช ืชืฉื•ืžืช ื”ืœื‘ ืœืขื ื™ื™ืŸ, ื•ื”ื—ืฆืื™ืช ื”ืฉื ื•ื™ื” ื‘ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ื ืขืœืžื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืกืชื•ืจื™ ืžื”ืืชืจ

ืฆื‘ืขื™ ื—ื“ ืงืจืŸ ืœืฉื™ืขืจ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœืืฃ ืื—ืช, ืกื˜ ืืงืกืกื•ืจื™ื– ืœื˜ื™ืกื”, ืฉืžืœืช ื—ื•ืฃ ืœื—ืจื•ืฉ ืขืœื™ื” ื›ืœ ื”ืงื™ืฅ ื•ืชื™ืง ืงื˜ืŸ ืžื•ืฉืœื ืฉื™ืชืื™ื ืœื›ืœ ืžืื•ืจืข. ื›ืœ ื”ืคืจื™ื˜ื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื•ื™ื ื‘ืคื—ื•ืช ืž-200 ืฉืงืœื™ื

ื•ื™ืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื‘ืงื”ืื ื”ืขืœืชื” ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ืชืžื•ื ื” ื—ื’ื™ื’ื™ืช ืœื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ืคืกื—ื ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื ืœื‘ื•ืฉื” ื‘ื‘ื’ื“ ื™ื ื›ื—ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืขืฆื‘ืช ื”ืจื•ืชื—ืช ืœื™ืกื” ืžืืจื™ ืคืจื ื ื“ื–. ืื‘ืœ ืžื” ืฉื‘ืœื˜ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื›ืœ ื‘ืชืžื•ื ื” (ืืคื™ืœื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืžืกื™ื›ืช ื”ืืจื ื‘ ืฉื”ืชื—ื‘ืื” ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ื”) ื”ื•ื ื”ืงืจื“ื™ื’ืŸ ื”ืชื•ืื ืœื‘ื’ื“ ื”ื™ื, ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ืจื˜ื‘ ื›ืื™ืœื• ืื™ืŸ ืžื—ืจ. ืื–ืขืงืช ื˜ืจื ื“ ื—ื“ืฉื”?

ืจื’ืข ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื”ืขื•ืœื ืœื ื”ืคืกื™ืง ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืืื•ื˜ืคื™ื˜ ืฉืœ ืžืœื ื™ื”, ื”ื‘ื™ื ื” ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืžื™ืœื“ื˜ื•ืŸ ืฉื’ื ืœื” ื›ื“ืื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžื—ื•ื•ื” ืœืื™ื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืื•ืคื ื” ื’'ืงื™ ืงื ื“ื™. ืœืจื’ืœ ื—ื’ื™ื’ื•ืช ื”ืคืกื—ื, ื™ืฆืื” ืงื™ื™ื˜ ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื”ื ืกื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ืœื™ืื ื•ื”ืžืœื›ื” ืœื›ื ืกื™ื” ื›ืฉื”ื™ื ืœื•ื‘ืฉืช ืžืขื™ืœ ืงืจื ืžื‘ื™ืช ื”ื™ื•ืฆื ืฉืœ ืงืชืจื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืงืจ, ืื•ืชื• ื‘ื™ืช ืื•ืคื ื” ืฉื”ื ืกื™ื›ื” ื“ื™ืื ื” ื ื”ื’ื” ืœืœื‘ื•ืฉ. ื›ืœ ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื

ืืจื ืกื˜ื™ืŸ "ืืจื ื™" ืกื˜ื•ืœื‘ืจื’ ื”ืคื›ื” ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืœื™ืงื™ืจืช ื“ื•ืจ ื”-Y ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ื”ื”ื•ืคืขื•ืช ื”ืงื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ืฉืœื” ื‘ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื”ืื™ื ืกื˜ื’ืจื ืฉืœ ื‘ื•ื˜ื™ืง ื•ื™ื ืื™ ื ื—ืฉื‘, ื”ืงื•ืฆืจ ืœื™ื™ืงื™ื ืžื›ืœ ืจื—ื‘ื™ ืชื‘ืœ. ืžื™ ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื™ืžืœื˜ ืžื”ื ืืฆื™ื ื‘ืžืœื”"ืข ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ื ื”ื ื™ืช ื›ื™ื•ื ืžืชื”ื™ืœื” ืื•ืคื ืชื™ืช ื›ืคื™ ืฉืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ื–ื›ืชื” ืœื”. ืกื‘ืชื•ืฉ, ืืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื

ื›ืžื• ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉื ื”, ืคืกื˜ื™ื‘ืœ ืงื•ืืฆ'ืœื” ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœื™ืคื•ืช ื•ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืœื”ื•ื›ื™ื— ืœื›ื•ืœื ื• ืฉื”ืŸ ื ืจืื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ ื’ื ื‘ืชื ืื™ ืฉื˜ื—. ืงื ื“ืœ ื’'ื ืจ ืขื•ืฉื” ืงืžืคื™ื ื’ ื‘ื˜ื•ืค ืคืื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ืžื ืฆื ืฅ, ืงื™ืืจื” ืคืจืื ื™ ืขืœ ื”ื“ืฉื ืขื ืฉืžืœื” ืœื‘ื ื” ืฉืœ ื“ื™ื•ืจ ื•ืจื™ื”ืื ื” ืžื›ื•ืกื” ืงืจื™ืกื˜ืœื™ื ืžื›ืฃ ืจื’ืœ ื•ืขื“ ืจืืฉ. ื‘ื‘ื•ืžื‘ืžืœื” ื–ื” ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืขื•ื‘ืจ

ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื”ืคืš ืืช ืžืงื“ื•ื ืœื“ืก, ื‘ื ื•ืช ื”ืคืื•ื•ืจ ืคืืฃ ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืืช ืกื•ืคืจ ืžืจื™ื• ืœืื™ื™ืงื•ื ื™ื ืื•ืคื ืชื™ื™ื, ื”ืžืขืฆื‘ ื’'ืจืžื™ ืกืงื•ื˜ ื ื™ื’ืฉ ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ืžืฉื—ืง ื”ืกื•ื›ืจื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืžื›ืจ ื‘ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื”. ื‘ืœื™ื™ืŸ ืงืคืกื•ืœื” ืงื™ื™ืฆื™ ื”ื›ื•ืœืœ ื‘ื’ื“ื™ ื™ื, ืชื™ืง ื’ื‘ ื•ืงื™ื™ืก ืœื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ, ื”ืฆื‘ืขื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืืคื™ืœืคื˜ื™ืช ืฉืœ "ืงื ื“ื™ ืงืจืืฉ" ืขื•ื‘ืจืช ื‘ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ืžื”ืžืกืš ืœืืจื•ืŸ. ื‘ื•ืื• ื ื’ื™ื“ ืฉืืช ื”ื”ืชืจืื” ื”ื–ื• ืชืฉืžื—ื• ืœืงื‘ืœ ื‘ืคื™ื™ืกื‘ื•ืง

ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœืคืกืคืก ืืช ื”ืžื™ื•ืœืก ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ืชื’ ื”ืื™ื˜ืœืงื™ Nยฐ21 โ€“ ื”ืŸ ืขืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืกืื˜ืŸ ืขืฉื™ืจ ืขื ืžื•ื˜ื™ื‘ ืงืฉื™ืจื” ืงื“ืžื™ ื•ืžื’ื™ืขื•ืช ื‘ืฉืœืœ ืฆื‘ืขื™ื ืขืžื•ืงื™ื ื•ืžื”ืคื ื˜ื™ื ืฉื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืžืกื™ื‘ื” ืœืจื’ืœื™ื™ื. ื”ืื™ื ืกื˜ื’ืจื ื›ื‘ืจ ืžืœื ื‘ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช ืžืจื•ืฆื•ืช, ื•ื”ืŸ ืžืฆื™ื“ืŸ ื“ื•ืื’ื•ืช ืœืชืช ืืช ืžืœื•ื ื”ื‘ืžื” ืœื ืขืœื™ื™ื ื”ื›ื™ ื—ื’ื™ื’ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื”

ืœืืŸ ืฉืœื ืชืกืชื›ืœื• ื”ืงื™ืฅ ื”ื–ื” ืžืœื ื‘ืกืœื™ืคืจืก - ื”ื”ื›ืœืื” ื”ืžื•ืฉืœืžืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื ืขืœื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืœ ืกื‘ื ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ืคื›ืคื™ื. ื”ื˜ืจื ื“, ืฉืฉื•ืœื˜ ื‘ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ืื•ืคื ื” ื›ื‘ืจ ืœืžืขืœื” ืžืฉื ืชื™ื™ื, ืžืงื‘ืœ ื”ืงื™ืฅ ืืช ืžืœื•ื ืชืฉื•ืžืช ื”ืœื‘, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืื ื—ื ื• ื›ืืŸ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขื ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืฉืืœื•ืช ื”ืงืฉื•ืช - ืื™ืคื” ืงื•ื ื™ื ื•ื›ืžื” ื–ื” ืขื•ืœื”?

ื”ื–ืžืจืช ื”ืื™ืงื•ื ื™ืช ืฉืื“ื™ื™, ืžื™ ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื›ื•ื›ื‘ืช ื‘ืœืชื™ ืžืขื•ืจืขืจืช ื‘ืฉื ื•ืช ื”-80 ื•ื”-90 ื–ื•ื›ื” ืœืงืืžื‘ืง ืžืคืชื™ืข ื›ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืฉืจืื” ื•ื›ืžื•ื–ื” ืฉืœ ืœื ืžืขื˜ ืืžื ื™ื ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื”. ืื ื“ืจื™ื™ืง ื‘ื—ืจ ืœืงืขืงืข ืืช ื“ืžื•ืชื” ืขืœ ื’ื•ืคื• ืœื ืฆื—, ื›ื ืจืื” ืฉื’ื ืœื ื• ื™ืฉ ื“ื‘ืจ ืื• ืฉื ื™ื™ื ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืžืžื ื”

ืขื ืกื’ื ื•ืŸ ืคื™ื™ืชื™, ื‘ื•ื”ื• ืฉื™ืง ืืœื’ื ื˜ื™ ื•ืงืžืคื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื›ื™ื›ื•ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ืกื•ืคื™ื” ืžืฆ'ื˜ื ืจ, ื“ื ื” ื”ืจืืœ ื—ืชื•ืžื” ืขืœ ืื—ื“ ืžืงื•ื•ื™ ืฉืžืœื•ืช ื”ื›ืœื” ื”ืžืจื’ืฉื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉื ืจืื• ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื”. ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื ื™ื ืฉื‘ืขืœื”, ืืžืŸ ื”ื—ื•ืฉื™ื ื ืžืจื•ื“ ื”ืจืืœ, ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืงื“ืžืช ื”ื‘ืžื”, ื”ื’ื™ืข ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืžืขืฆื‘ืช ื”ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื”