ื”ืฉื•ืชืคื•ืช ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืงื™ื ื™: ื”ื ืขืœื™ื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื. ืžืฆืื ื• ืืช ื”ื›ื™ ืฉื•ื•ืช

ืื™ื–ื• ืžื’ืžื” ืฉื•ืœื˜ืช, ืžื”ื ืฉืœื•ืฉืช ืžื•ืฆืจื™ ื”ืžืืกื˜ ื‘ืชื™ืง ื”ืื™ืคื•ืจ ื•ืื™ืš ืžื—ื˜ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ืคื ื™ื ื‘ื›ืžื” ืฉืœื‘ื™ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ื™ื? ืœืืžืŸ ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื ืขืจืฅ ื™ืฉ ื›ืžื” ืขืฆื•ืช ืฉื™ืฉื ื• ืœื›ื ืืช ืฉื’ืจืช ื”ื‘ื•ืงืจ ืœืชืžื™ื“

ืฉืชื™ ื”ื ืกื™ื›ื•ืช ืฉืœื ืžืื“ ืื•ื”ื‘ื•ืช ืื—ืช ืืช ื”ืฉื ื™ื”, ื™ืฆืื• ืžื”ืืจืžื•ืŸ ื›ืœ ืื—ืช ืœืื™ืจื•ืข ืฉืœื”, ืจืง ืฉื”ืŸ ืœื ืฉืžื• ืœื‘ ืฉื”ืŸ ืœื‘ื•ืฉื•ืช ื›ืžืขื˜ ื–ื”ื”. ื”ืฉืชื™ื™ื ื”ืœื›ื• ืขืœ ื’ื–ืจื•ืช ืฆื ื•ืขื•ืช ื‘ืฆื‘ืข ื‘ื•ืจื’ื•ื ื“ื™. ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื ื™ืกื ื• ืœื ืœื”ืฉื•ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ืŸ, ื”ื‘ื ื• ืฉืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ื›ื™ ื–ื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื“ื•ืžื” ืžื“ื™. ืื– ืžื™ ืขืฉืชื” ืืช ื–ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ?

ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื”ื ืฉื™ืื•ืชื™ืช ืื™ืจื—ื” ืื™ืจื•ืข ืžืงื“ื™ื ืœื—ื’ ื”ื”ื•ื“ื™ื”, ืžื” ืฉื’ืจื ืœื›ื•ืœื ืœื”ืฉืงื™ืข ืืงืกื˜ืจื” ื‘ื”ื•ืคืขื”. ืžืœื ื™ื” ื‘ื—ืจื” ื‘ืžืขื™ืœ ืฉื’ืจืจ ืชื’ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื—ืœื•ืงื•ืช ื‘ืจืฉืช, ืื™ื•ื•ื ืงื” ื ืจืืชื” ืžื“ื”ื™ื ืœืฆื“ ื’'ืจืื“ ื•ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื•ืืฆืœ ื˜ื™ืคืื ื™ ื ืจืฉืžื” ืคื“ื™ื—ื” ืื•ืคื ืชื™ืช ืงืœื”

ืกืจื™ื’ ื’ื•ืœืฃ ืœื—ืจื•ืฉ ืขืœื™ื•, ืชื™ืง ื‘ืืงื˜ ืฉื™ื’ื ื•ื‘ ืืช ื”ื”ืฆื’ื”, ืงื•ื ืกื™ืœืจ ืœื”ืกืชื™ืจ ืืช ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืฉื™ืกืชื™ืจื•, ื‘ื•ืฉื ืขื ืจื™ื— ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืจืฃ ื•ื–'ืงื˜ ื’'ื™ื ืก ืฉื›ื•ืœื ื™ืฉืืœื• ืžืื™ืคื” ื”ื•ื. ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืช ืœืฉื•ืคื™ื ื’

ืขื ื›ืœ ื”ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืœืฉื•ืื‘ื™ ื”ืื‘ืง, ื”ื˜ืœื•ื•ื™ื–ื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื™ื ื”ื ื™ื™ื“ื™ื ืฉื ืžืฆืื™ื ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื‘ื”ื ื—ื•ืช ื‘ืœืืง ืคืจื™ื™ื“ื™, ืื ื—ื ื• ื›ืืŸ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืกืžืŸ ืืช ืžื” ืฉื‘ืืžืช ืฉื•ื•ื” ืœืงื ื•ืช ืขื›ืฉื™ื•: ื”ืื•ื“ื ื”ืžื•ืฉืœื, ืกืจื•ื ื”ืœื™ืœื” ืฉืžื‘ื˜ื™ื— ื•ืžืงื™ื™ื ื•ืžืกื™ืจ ื”ืื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื›ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืฉืื™ ืคืขื ื ื™ืกื™ื ื•. ืงื‘ืœื• 6 ื”ืฆืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ืฉืœื’ืžืจื™ ืžืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ืืช ื”ื”ื™ื™ืค, ื•ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ โ€“ ื‘ื”ื ื—ื•ืช ืฉืงืฉื” ืœื”ื™ืฉืืจ ืื“ื™ืฉื™ื ื›ืœืคื™ื”ืŸ

ืื ืคืขื ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ื‘ื•ื™ื“ืขื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžืฆื•ื ืžื–ื•ื•ื“ื” ืจืื•ื™ื” ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ, ื”ื™ื•ื ื›ื‘ืจ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžื•ืฆืจ ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ ื•ืื•ืคื ืชื™ ื›ืื—ื“. ืžืขืฆื‘ื™ ื”ืื•ืคื ื” ืžื•ืฆื™ืื™ื ืงื•ืœืงืฆื™ื•ืช ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื•ืช, ื”ื‘ืœื•ื’ืจื™ื•ืช ืžืงืคื™ื“ื•ืช ืœื”ื›ื ื™ืก ืื•ืชืŸ ืœืคืจื™ื™ื ื•ื”ื ื•ืกืขื™ื ื”ืžืชืžื™ื“ื™ื ืžืฉืงื™ืขื™ื ืืช ืžื™ื˜ื‘ ื›ืกืคื. ืจืฉื•ืช ืฉื“ื•ืช ื”ืชืขื•ืคื” ื‘ื”ืœื

ืฉื™ ืžื™ืงื” ืžืคืชื™ืขื” ืขื ืžืœืชื—ื” ื—ื“ืฉื” ื•ืžืœื•ื˜ืฉืช, ืขื“ืŸ ืคื™ื ืก ืžื•ืฉื›ืช ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืคื•ืงื•ืก, ืžื™ื›ืœ ืื ืกืงื™ ืžื—ื–ื™ืจื” ืืช ื”ืื™ื™ื˜ื™ื– ื•ืงืกื ื™ื” ื˜ืจื ื˜ื•ืœ ืžื“ื’ื™ืžื” ื‘ื•ื”ื•-ืฉื™ืง ืกืชื•ื•ื™ ืžื•ืฉืœื. ื”ืกืœื‘ืก ืžื’ืœื•ืช ืœื ื• ืื™ืคื” ื”ืŸ ืงื•ื ื•ืช

ืื—ืจื™ ืฉืงืจื ืœืกืœื™ื ื” ื’ื•ืžื– "ืžื›ื•ืขืจืช", ืœืฉืžืœื” ืฉืœ ืงื™ืืจื” ืคืจืื ื™ "ื–ื•ืœื”" ื•ืœืชื™ื ื•ืงื•ืช ืฉื ื•ืœื“ื™ื ื‘ื”ืคืจื™ื” "ืžื–ื•ื™ืคื™ื" โ€“ ื”ื’ื™ืขื” ืคืจืฉื” ื—ื“ืฉื” ื‘ื˜ื™ืจื•ืฃ ืฉืœ ืกื˜ืืคื ื• ื’ืื‘ื ื”. ื”ืคืขื, ื”ืœื™ื™ื‘ืœ ืกื’ืจ ืชืฆื•ื’ืช ืื•ืคื ื” ื‘ืกื™ืŸ ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ืกื“ืจืช ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ ืงื™ื“ื•ื ื’ื–ืขื ื™ื™ื, ื”ืกื™ื ื™ื ื”ืชืขืฆื‘ื ื• ื•ื‘ื™ื˜ืœื• ื”ื›ืœ. ืžื” ืขื•ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืžื•ืชื’ ื”ืื™ื˜ืœืงื™ ื”ื ื—ืฉื‘? ื›ืœ ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืคืจืฉื” ืฉืžืกืขื™ืจื” ืืช ืขื•ืœื ื”ืื•ืคื ื”

ืœื“ื™ืคื” ืงื•ืกืœื” ื™ืฉ ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืขื•ืงื‘ื™ื ื‘ืื™ื ืกื˜ื’ืจื ื•ืื—ืจื™ ื”ื—ืชื•ื ื” ื”ืžื˜ื•ืจืคืช ืฉืœื”, ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ื˜ื— ื™ืฉ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื”ืื™ื˜ ื’ื™ืจืœื– ื”ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช ืฉื—ื™ื” ื‘ืœื•ื ื“ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ืชื—ืชื ื” ืขื ื‘ื—ื•ืจ ื”ื•ืœื ื“ื™, ืœื‘ืฉื” ืฉืžืœืช ื›ืœื” ืžืจื”ื™ื‘ื” ืฉืขืœื™ื” ืขื‘ื“ื• ืœื ืคื—ื•ืช ืž-1600 ืฉืขื•ืช ื•ืžื—ื™ืจื” ืขื•ืœื” ืขืœ ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืงืœื™ื. ืžื” ืฉืฉืžืขืชื

ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ ืขื•ืžื“ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืขืžื•ืก ื‘ื”ื ื—ื•ืช, ื•ื–ื” ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื‘ืœื‘ืœ. ื›ื“ื™ ืœื—ืกื•ืš ืœื›ื ืืช ื”ืœื‘ื˜ื™ื ื•ื”ืฉื™ื˜ื•ื˜ื™ื ื”ืžื™ื•ืชืจื™ื ืžืฆืื ื• ืืช 11 ื”ื”ื ื—ื•ืช ื”ืจื•ืชื—ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืงื ื™ื•ื ื™ ืขื–ืจื™ืืœื™, ื•ืืช ื”ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ืฉืžืžืฉ ืœื ื›ื“ืื™ ืœื›ื ืœืคืกืคืก. ืœืงืจื•ื ื•ืœื”ืกืชืขืจ

ืœื›ืœ ืื—ืช ื™ืฉ ืืช ืกื•ื“ ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ื— ืฉืœื”, ืฉื”ื•ืคืš ืืช ื”ืœื•ืง ื”ืงื™ืฆื™ ืฉืœื” ืœืžืฉื”ื• ืžื™ื•ื—ื“. ื’ืœื™ ืœื ื• ืžื” ื”ืกื•ื“ ืฉืœืš ื•ืื•ืœื™ ืชื–ื›ื™ ื‘ืคืจืก

ืœื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืงื‘ืœ ื”ืคื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืขืฅ ื”ื›ืจื™ืกืžืก ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืœื‘ืŸ (ื™ืฉ ืื™ืจื•ืข ื›ื–ื”, ืžืชื‘ืจืจ) ื”ื’ื‘ืจืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื”ืชืงืฉื˜ื” ื‘ื’ื•ื•ื ื™ ื”ื—ื’ ื•ื ืจืืชื” ืžื“ื”ื™ื ื‘ืืื•ื˜ืคื™ื˜ ืฉืขื•ืœื” ื›ืžื” ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืืœืคื™ ืฉืงืœื™ื. ื”ื•ืฆืื” ืœื’ื™ื˜ื™ืžื™ืช ืœืคื’ื™ืฉื” ืขื ืืฉื•ื—?

ื”ืงืจื“ืฉื™ืื ื™ืช ื”ืžืฆืœื™ื—ื” ืžื›ื•ืœืŸ ื”ืฉื™ืงื” ืืช ืœื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื—ื•ืจืฃ ืฉืœ ืžื•ืชื’ ื”ื‘ื™ื•ื˜ื™ ืฉืœื”, ื•ืœื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ืžืื•ืจืข ื”ื›ืจื™ื–ื” ืขืœ ื”ื”ื˜ื‘ื” ื”ืžืจื’ืฉืช. ื‘ื—ืจื ื• ืืช 12 ื”ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื•ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉื›ื“ืื™ ืœื”ื–ืžื™ืŸ ืขื›ืฉื™ื•. ื–ื” ื”ื•ืœืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื—ื•ืจืฃ ืžืœื ื’ืœืื

ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉืขืœ ืคื™ ืžืงื•ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ืืจืžื•ืŸ ื”ืžืœื›ื” ื”ืขื™ืจื” ืœืžื™ื™ื’ืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื” "ืœื”ืชืœื‘ืฉ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ืžื• ืžืœื•ื›ื”, ื•ืคื—ื•ืช ื›ืžื• ื›ื•ื›ื‘ืช ื”ื•ืœื™ื•ื•ื“ื™ืช", ื ืจืื” ืฉื”ื“ื•ื›ืกื™ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื” ืœื ืžืžืฉ ืžื™ื™ืฉืžืช. ืืชืžื•ืœ ื”ื™ื ื”ื’ื™ืขื” ืขื ื”ืืจื™ ืœืื™ืจื•ืข ืจืฉืžื™ ื‘ื• ื—ืฉืคื” ื‘ื˜ืŸ ื”ืจื™ื•ื ื™ืช ืžืจืฉื™ืžื” ื•ื–ืจื•ืขื•ืช ื—ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœื ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ืคืจื•ื˜ื•ืงื•ืœ, ื•ื”ืขื•ืœื ื‘ื”ื™ืกื˜ืจื™ื”

ื›ื•ื›ื‘ืช "ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืขืฆืžื" ื ื™ืฉืื” ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ืœื‘ื—ื™ืจ ืœื™ื‘ื”, ื”ืžื•ื–ื™ืงืื™ ื˜ื™ื™ืœื•ืจ ื’ื•ืœื“ืกืžื™ืช', ื‘ื˜ืงืก ืกื•ืคืจ ืฆื ื•ืข ื•ืื™ื ื˜ื™ืžื™ ื‘ื—ืฆืจ ื‘ื™ืชื. ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœืœื›ืช ืขืœ ืœื‘ืŸ ืžืกื•ืจืชื™, ื”ื™ื ื‘ื—ืจื” ื‘ืฉืžืœื” ื•ืจื•ื“ื” ื—ืœื•ืžื™ืช ืฉืœ ืจื•ื“ืืจื˜ื”, ืฉื•ื•ืจืกื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื” ื ืœื‘ืฉื• ื‘ืขื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืื™ื•ื•ื ืงื” ื˜ืจืืžืค, ืงืจื™ืกื˜ืŸ ื“ืื ืกื˜ ื•ืžื™ืœื™ ื‘ื•ื‘ื™ ื‘ืจืื•ืŸ