ื”ืฉื•ืชืคื•ืช ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืงื™ื ื™: ื”ื ืขืœื™ื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื. ืžืฆืื ื• ืืช ื”ื›ื™ ืฉื•ื•ืช

ื”ืกืœื‘ืก ื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืืžืฉ ืœืื™ืจื•ืข ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ ืฉืœ ืœื”ืงืช ื”ืžื—ื•ืœ ื‘ืช ืฉื‘ืข ื•ืคืงื˜ื•ืจื™ 54, ื•ืœื ื• ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ืœืคืœื•ืฉ ืœื”ืŸ ืœืืจื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื. ืจื™ืงื™ ื’ืœ ื–ื”ืจื” ื‘ื–'ืงื˜ ืžื˜ืืœื™, ืฉื™-ืœื™ ืฉื™ื ืœื“ืจ ืจืชื—ื” ื‘ืฉืžืœืช ืงืื˜-ืืื•ื˜ ืžื•ืฉืœืžืช, ืชื•ื ื ืฉืจ ืื™ืžืฆื” ื‘ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ืืช ื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื ื•ืฆื•ืช ื•ืจื•ืชื™ ืจื•ืกื• ื”ื–ื›ื™ืจื” ืœื ื• ืœืžื” ืื ื—ื ื• ื›ืœ-ื›ืš ืื•ื”ื‘ื•ืช ื—ื•ืœืฆื•ืช ื’'ื™ื ืก

ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืืชื™ ืงื•ื‘ื• ื’ืจืžื” ืœื‘ื”ืœื” ืœื’ืณื™ื ืก ืฉื›ืžื•ืชื” ืœื ืจืื™ื ื• ื”ืจื‘ื” ื–ืžืŸ, ืขื ื”ืžืœืฆื” ื—ืžื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ื“ื’ื ื’ืณื™ื ืก ื‘ื’ื–ืจื” ื™ืฉืจื” ืฉืœ ื–ืืจื”, ืฉืžื’ื™ืข ื’ื ืขื ืžื—ื™ืจ ื“ื™ ืฉื•ื•ื” - 169 ืฉืงืœื™ื. ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื“ื’ื ืกื˜ืจื™ื™ื˜ ืžื—ืžื™ื ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืฉื‘ืืžืช ื ืจืื” ื˜ื•ื‘ ืขืœ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ. ืงืฉื” ืžืื•ื“ ืฉืœื ืœื”ืกืชืงืจืŸ ื•ืœื ืกื•ืช ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืื•ืชื• ืžืงืจื•ื‘

ืžื›ื ืกื™ื™ื ื™ืจื•ืงื™ื ืฉื ื—ืœื•ื ืขืœื™ื”ื ื‘ืœื™ืœื”, ืกืจื•ื ืฉื‘ืืžืช ืขื•ืฉื” ืืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”, ืกื ื™ืงืจืก ื‘ืฆื‘ืขื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืžื“ื•ื™ืงืช, ื’'ื™ื ืก ื‘ื’ื™ื–ืจื” ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื”, ืžื˜ืคื—ืช ืžืฉื™ ืฉืžืฉื“ืจื’ืช ื›ืœ ื”ื•ืคืขื”, ืžืขื™ืœ ืฉื”ื•ื ื—ืœืง ืžืงื•ืœืงืฆื™ื” ืžืจื’ืฉืช ื•ืกืคืจื™ื™ ืœืฉื™ืขืจ ื›ื™ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืงืฆืช ื‘ืจืง. ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืช ืœืฉื•ืคื™ื ื’

ื”ืกื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืฉืœ ื‘ืจ ืœื ื ื•ืขื– ืื• ื—ื“ืฉื ื™, ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ืคืš ืื•ืชื• ืœืงืœ ืœื™ื™ืฉื•ื, ื•ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืื™ืฉื” ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ืจื›ื™ื‘ ืžืจืื” ืขืจื‘ ืฉืœื ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืœื’ืณื™ื ืก. ื’ื ื”ืคืขื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื’'ื™ื ืก ื™ืฉืจ ื•ื—ืชื•ืš ืฉืืœื™ื• ืฆื™ืจืคื” ื–ื•ื’ ื ืขืœื™ ืขืงื‘ ื‘ื˜ืงืกื˜ื•ืจืช ืงืจื•ืงื•ื“ื™ืœ ืขื ื“ื™ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืžืชื›ืชื™ ืงื˜ืŸ ื•ืžื•ืฉืœื

ืจื•ื“ื™ื ื” ืžืฆื˜ืจืคืช ืœืฉื•ืจื” ืืจื•ื›ื” ืฉืœ ืกืœื‘ืก ืฉืื™ืžืฆื• ืืช ื˜ืจื ื“ ืžื›ื ืกื™ ื”ื“ื’ืž"ื— ื•ืžืขื ื™ืงื” ืœื”ื ืคืจืฉื ื•ืช ื™ืคื” ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจ ื‘ืžืจื•ืงื•. ื”ื™ื ืฉื™ื“ื›ื” ืžื›ื ืกื™ื™ื ื‘ื’ื•ื•ืŸ ื—ืืงื™ ืœื—ื•ืœืฆืช ื’'ื™ื ืก ื•ื–'ืงื˜, ื•ื ืจืืชื” ื ืคืœื

ื”ื“ืจืžื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืืชืžื•ืœ ืฉืœ ืจื•ื ืืœื“ื• ื‘ืžืฉื—ืง ืคื•ืจื˜ื•ื’ืœ ืžื•ืœ ืฉื•ื•ื™ืฅ ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืื‘ืœ ืื•ืชื ื• ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ืช ืœื ืคื—ื•ืช ื‘ืช ื”ื–ื•ื’ ื”ื”ื•ืจืกืช ื’'ื•ืจื’'ื™ื ื” ืจื•ื“ืจื™ื’ื–. ื”ืžืขืจื™ืฆื” ืžืกืคืจ ืื—ืช ืฉืœื• ืœื ืขื•ื–ื‘ืช ืืช ื”ืžื’ืจืฉ ื•ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ื”ื™ื ื‘ืœื•ืง ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ. ื”ื™ื ื›ื‘ืจ ืžื–ืžืŸ ืœื ืจืง ื‘ืช ื”ื–ื•ื’ ืฉืœ

ืžื™ื™ื’ืŸ ื”ื’ื™ืขื” ืืžืฉ ืœื˜ืงืก ื”ืขื ืงืช ืคืจืกื™ื ื‘ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง ื‘ืฉืžืœื” ืœื‘ื ื” ืžืจื”ื™ื‘ื” ื•ื—ื•ืฉืคืช ื›ืชืคื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืœื•ืื™ ื•ื™ื˜ื•ืŸ. ื”ื™ื ื ืชื ื” ืœืœื•ืง ื”ืฆื—ื•ืจ ืคืจืฉื ื•ืช ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ืช ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ืืงืกืกื•ืจื™ื– ืฉื—ื•ืจื™ื ื•ื˜ื‘ืขืช ื™ืงืจืช ืขืจืš ืžื”ืื•ืกืฃ ื”ืžืœื›ื•ืชื™ ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืฉื™ื™ื›ืช ื‘ืขื‘ืจ ืœื ืกื™ื›ื” ื“ื™ืื ื”

ืงืชืจื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื˜ื”-ื’'ื•ื ืก, ื›ื•ื›ื‘ืช ื”ืœื”ื™ื˜ ืฉืœ ื ื˜ืคืœื™ืงืก "ื•ื•ื ืกื“ื™ื™", ืœื ืขื•ืฆืจืช ืœืจื’ืข ื•ืžืงื“ืžืช ืกื“ืจื” ื ื•ืกืคืช ื—ื“ืฉื”. ืœืคืจื™ืžื™ื™ืจื” ื‘ืœื•ืก ืื ื’'ืœืก ื”ื™ื ื”ื’ื™ืขื” ืžืœื•ื•ื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื ื” ื‘ืŸ ื”-22 ื‘ืœื•ืง ืžื”ืคื ื˜ ืฉื”ืชื‘ืกืก ืขืœ ืื•ื‘ืจื•ืœ ืžื ืฆื ืฅ ืขื ืžื—ืฉื•ืฃ ืขืžื•ืง. ื›ืฉื–ื” ื•ื•ืื•, ื–ื” ื•ื•ืื•

ื‘ืžื›ื ืกื™ ืขื•ืจ ืื“ื•ืžื™ื ื‘ื’ื–ืจื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื•ืžืขื˜ ืžืฉื•ื—ืจืจืช ื”ื’ื™ืขื” ืžื™ื›ืœ ืื ืกืงื™ ืœืื™ืจื•ืข ื•ื ืจืืชื” ืžืขื•ืœื”. ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืื—ื“ ื”ืคืจื™ื˜ื™ื ื”ื›ื™ ื—ืžื™ื ืœื—ื•ืจืฃ ื”ื–ื” ืฉืคืฉื•ื˜ ืžืฉื“ืจื’ ื›ืœ ื’ื•ืคื™ื” ื•ืกื ื™ืงืจืก. ืจืง ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื‘ื•ืขื™ื™ื ืœื‘ืฉื” ืžืœื›ืช ืกืคืจื“ ืžื›ื ืกื™ื™ื ื›ืžืขื˜ ื–ื”ื™ื ืœืืœื” ืฉืœ ืื ืกืงื™ ื•ื”ื‘ื”ื™ืจื” ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื˜ืจื ื“ ืขื•ืœืžื™

ื›ื•ื›ื‘ืช "ื—ืชื•ื ื” ืžืžื‘ื˜ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ" ื”ื’ื™ืขื” ืœืื™ืจื•ืข ื‘ืฉืžืœืช ืžื™ื ื™ ืœื•ื”ื˜ืช ืขื ืคืคื™ื•ืŸ ืขืฆื•ื ื•ื“ืจืžื˜ื™. ื”ื™ื ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื” ืœืชืช ืคืจืฉื ื•ืช ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ืช ื•ืขื“ื›ื ื™ืช ืœืฉืžืœื” ื”ืฉื—ื•ืจื” ื”ืงื˜ื ื”, ื•ื”ืฉืœื™ืžื” ืืช ื”ืœื•ืง ื‘ืฉื™ื ื”ืงืœืืก ืขื ื’ืจื‘ื™ื•ื ื™ื ืฉืงื•ืคื™ื ืœืžื—ืฆื” ื•ืฉื™ืขืจ ืืกื•ืฃ

ื˜ืงืก ืคืจืกื™ ื”ืื•ืคื ื” ื”ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™ืช ืกื™ืคืง ืœื ืžืขื˜ ืจื’ืขื™ื ื“ืจืžื˜ื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ื”ืจื’ืข ืฉื‘ื• ื™ืขืœ ืฉืœื‘ื™ื” ื•ืขื•ืžืจ ื ื•ื“ืœืžืŸ ืฆืขื“ื• ืขืœ ื”ืฉื˜ื™ื— ื”ืื“ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ืœื ืคื—ื•ืช ืžืจื’ืฉ ื•ืงืกื•ื. ืฉืœื‘ื™ื” ื”ื“ื”ื™ืžื” ื‘ืฉืžืœืช ืžื—ืฉื•ืฃ ื’ื‘ ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืžืจืขื ื ืช ื•ืžื—ืžื™ืื” ื•ืขื•ืžืจ ืœื‘ืฉื” ืžืขื™ืœ ืฉืžืœื” ื‘ืฆื‘ืข ื‘ื•ืจื“ื• ืžื‘ืจื™ืง. ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืืžืจ ืกื™ืœื‘ืกื˜ืจ ื‘ื“ืจืš?

ื›ืจื™ืกื˜ืžืก ืžืชืงืจื‘, ื•ืฉื‘ื˜ ืœื•ืคื–-ืืคืœืง ื ืžืฆื ื‘ื”ื›ื ื•ืช ื”ืžืกื•ืจืชื™ื•ืช ืœื—ื’ ื”ื›ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื’ื ืจื›ื™ืฉื” ืฉืœ ืขืฅ ืืฉื•ื—. ืœืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื—ืชื™ืช ื”ื›ื•ื›ื‘ืช ืœื‘ืฉื” ืœื•ืง ืฉื ืจืื” ืžืžื‘ื˜ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืงื–'ื•ืืœื™ ื•ื ื’ื™ืฉ, ืืš ื›ืฉื‘ื•ื“ืงื™ื ืืช ื”ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ื”ืงื˜ื ื•ืช- ื•ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืืช ื”ืžื—ื™ืจ, ืžืชื’ืœื” ืชืžื•ื ื” ืื—ืจืช ืœื’ืžืจื™

ืจื’ืข ืื—ืจื™ ืฉืžืฆืื ื• ืืช ืงื™ื ื•ืงืœื•ืื™ ื‘ืชืขืจื•ื›ืช ืืจื˜ ื‘ืื–ืœ ื‘ืžื™ืืžื™, ืžืฆืื ื• ืฉื ื’ื ืืช ื”ื™ื™ืœื™ ื‘ื™ื‘ืจ ื‘ืฉืžืœื” ืฉืงืฉื” ืœื”ืชืขืœื ืžืžื ื”. ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืฉืžืœื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ืชื’ ื”ื›ื™ ืจื•ืชื— ื”ื™ื•ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืื•ืคื ื”, ืื‘ืœ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉืชื“ืขื• ืื™ืš ืœืœื›ืช ืื™ืชื”, ื›ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืกืคืง ืฉื–ื” ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื’ืžืจ ื‘ื“ืจืžื” ืจืฆื™ื ื™ืช

ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื›ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื•ื™ืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื‘ืงื”ืื ื•ืื•ื•ื” ืœื ื’ื•ืจื™ื” ื”ืชืืจื’ื ื• ื™ื—ื“ ืœืืจื•ื—ืช ืขืจื‘ ืฉืœ ืžื’ื–ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ื’ ื”ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™. ื•ื™ืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื‘ื—ืจื” ื‘ืฉืžืœื” ืœื‘ื ื” ืฉื ืจืืชื” ืงืฆืช ื›ืžื• ืกื™ื ืจ ื‘ื—ืœืง ื”ืงื“ืžื™ ื•ืฉื•ื‘ืœ ืืจื•ืš ื•ืฉื—ื•ืจ ืžืื—ื•ืจ. ื”ืขื•ืงื‘ื™ื ืœื ื ืฉืืจื• ืื“ื™ืฉื™ื ื•ืคื ื• ืœื•ื™ืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืœื”ืกื‘ืจื™ื

ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ ื”ืกืจื˜ "ื›ืจื˜ื™ืก ืœื’ืŸ ืขื“ืŸ" ืขืœืชื” ืืžืฉ ืฉืœื‘, ื›ืฉืจื•ื‘ืจื˜ืก ื”ื’ื™ืขื” ืœื—ืœื•ืง ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืœืงืœื•ื ื™ ื‘ื˜ืงืก ื”ืขื ืงืช ืคืจืก ืœืžืคืขืœ ื—ื™ื™ื. ืขืœ ื”ืฉืžืœื” ื”ืฉื—ื•ืจื” ืฉืœื” ื”ื•ื“ืคืกื• ืฉืœืœ ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืงืœื•ื ื™ ื•ื’ื ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ืžืฉื•ืชืคื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื. ื”ืื ืฉื•ื•ื” ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืœื”ืงืจื™ื‘ ืžืขื˜ ืกื˜ื™ื™ืœ ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื‘ื“ื™ื—ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื”? ืžื•ื–ืžื ื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ื˜ ื•ืœื”ื—ืœื™ื˜