ื›ืŸ, ื–ื” ื‘ืืžืช ืฉื•ืงื™ ื–ื™ืงืจื™. ื•ื”ื•ื ืืคื™ืœื• ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ืœืžื” ืœืงื— ืœื• 15 ืฉื ื” ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ

ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืื ื” ื–ืง ื”ื™ื ื›ื‘ืจ ื›ื•ื›ื‘ืช ื‘ืงื ื” ืžื™ื“ื” ืฉืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืขืจืขืจ ืขืœื™ื•, ืื‘ืœ ืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืœื ื”ื›ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื ื• ืœืชืคื ื™ืช ื”ืžืคืชื™ืขื” ื”ื–ืืช - ืืชืžื•ืœ ื”ื™ื ืฆืขื“ื” ืขืœ ื”ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืฉืœ ืžื•ืชื’ ื”ื”ืœื‘ืฉื” ื”ืชื—ืชื•ื ื” Etam ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื”ืื•ืคื ื” ื‘ืคืจื™ื–. ืชื—ื™ืœืชื” ืฉืœ ืงืจื™ื™ืจื” ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ืช?

ื”ื“ื•ื’ืžื ื™ืช ื ื—ืชื” ื‘ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื”ืื•ืคื ื” ืฉืœ ืžื™ืœืื ื• ืขื ืžื–ื•ื•ื“ื” ืžืœืื” ื‘ืœื•ืงื™ื ืœื•ื”ื˜ื™ื ืžืื•ื“ ื•ืื•ืคื™ื™ื ื™ื™ื ืžืื•ื“: ื”ื—ืœ ื‘ืฉืžืœืช ืžื™ื ื™ ื•ืจื•ื“ื” ื•ืฉื•ื‘ื‘ื” ื“ืจืš ืื—ืช ืžื ื•ืžืจืช ืฉื™ืฉื‘ื” ืขืœื™ื” ื‘ื•ืœ ื•ืขื“ ืฉืžืœืช ื”ื›ืœื” ื”ืื•ืœื˜ืจื” ืกืงืกื™ืช ืฉื ืจืื™ืช ืขืœื™ื” ื›ืžื• ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ื”ื’ื™ื•ื ื™ืช ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ

ื”ืชืจื’ืœื ื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืื•ืชื” ืื•ืœื˜ืจื”-ื ืฉื™ืช โ€“ ืื‘ืœ ืขืœ ื”ืฉืขืจ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ืžื’ื–ื™ืŸ ื”ืื•ืคื ื” ื”ื ื—ืฉื‘ ื”ื™ื ืžืฆื•ืœืžืช ื‘ืžืจืื” ืžื—ื•ืกืคืก ืฉื›ื•ืœืœ ืคืื” ืงืฆื•ืฆื”, ื’ื‘ื•ืช ื“ืงื™ืงื•ืช ื•ื™ื“ ื—ื‘ื•ืฉื”. ื”ืื™ื™ืงื•ืŸ ืฉืœื”, ืืœื™ื–ื‘ืช ื˜ื™ื™ืœื•ืจ, ื›ื ืจืื” ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืžืืฉืจืช

ื”ืžื•ืชื’ ืฉื”ืคืš ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช ืœืื—ื“ ื”ืจื•ืชื—ื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืขืžื“ ื‘ืคื ื™ ืœื ืžืขื˜ ืืชื’ืจื™ื ืขื ืชืฆื•ื’ืช ื”ืงื•ืœืงืฆื™ื” ื”ื—ื“ืฉื”, ื•ื”ื’ืฉื ืฉื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœืจื“ืช ืขืœ ื”ืžืกืœื•ืœ ื”ื•ื ื”ืงืœื™ืœ ืฉื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื. 73 ืœื•ืงื™ื ื”ื•ื›ื™ื—ื• ืฉื”ืžืขืฆื‘ ื’ืœืŸ ืžืจื˜ื ืก ื™ื•ื“ืข ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ืื™ืš ืœืฉืžืจ ืืช ื”ื”ื™ื™ืค ื•ื’ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืœื• ืขื“ื›ื•ืŸ ื’ืจืกื”, ื›ืฉื”ื”ื•ืžืœืก ื”ืžืกืชื•ืจื™, ืฉืžืœื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ื˜ื™ื ื™ ื”ืžืกืงืจื ื•ืช ื•ืชืจืžื™ืช "ื‘ืœื” ื—ื“ื™ื“" ื”ืžืฉื’ืขืช ื”ื ืจืง ืืงืกืกื•ืจื™ื– ืœื—ื–ื•ืŸ ื”ืกืœื™ื–ื™ ื•ื”ืžืชื•ื—ื›ื ืฉืœื•

ืกืคื™ืจ ื ืจืงื™ืก ื”ื’ื™ืขื” ืืœ ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื”ืื•ืคื ื” ื‘ืžื™ืœืื ื• ื›ืื•ืจื—ืช ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืฉืœ ืžื•ืชื’ ืื•ืคื ื”. ื ืจืงื™ืก ื”ืœื›ื” ืขืœ ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ืงืœืืกื™ืช ืื‘ืœ ืขื ื•ื•ืœื™ื•ื ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื•ื ืจืืชื” ืจื•ืชื—ืช ื‘ืฉืžืœืช ืžื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื’ื–ืจืช ืžื—ื•ืš, ืฉืืช ื—ื–ื™ืชื” ืžืขื˜ืจื™ื ืืœืžื ื˜ื™ื ืฉืœ ืงืฉื™ืจื”. ื”ืกื˜ื™ื™ืœื™ื ื’ ื”ืžืฉืœื™ื ื”ื™ื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืžื“ื•ื™ืง

ื”ื“ื’ืžื™ื ื”ืื™ื™ืงื•ื ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืื“ื™ื“ืก ืื•ืจื™ื’'ื™ื ืœืก ืืžื ื ื ื•ืขื“ื• ื‘ืžืงื•ืจ ืœืฉืจืช ืกืคื•ืจื˜ืื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ื›ืžื” ืขืฉื•ืจื™ื ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื”ื•ืฉืงื• ื”ื ื—ืœืง ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ืคืจื“ ืžื”ืžืœืชื—ื” ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื—ื•ื‘ื‘ ื•ื—ื•ื‘ื‘ืช ืื•ืคื ื”. ืœืฆื“ ื”ืกื•ืคืจืกื˜ืืจ ื•ื”ื’ืื–ืœ, ื ืขืœื™ ื”ืกืžื‘ื” ื–ื•ื›ื•ืช ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืœืฉื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉ, ื•ืžืชื—ืกืœื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ืคืขื ืฉืžืฉื•ื—ืจืจ ืœืื•ื•ื™ืจ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื” ืื• ืฆื‘ืข ื—ื“ืฉ. ืื™ืš ื–ื” ืงื•ืจื”? ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœืงื ื“ืœ ื’'ื ืจ ื•ื”ืืจื™ ืกื˜ื™ื™ืœืก ื™ืฉ ื™ื“ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ

ื”ืฉื ื•ื™ื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืฆืณืจื˜ื™ ืื•ืœื™ ืœื ืžื•ื›ืจ ื›ืžื• ื”ืฉืžื•ืช ืฉืœ ื’ืณื™ื’ืณื™, ื‘ืœื” ื•ืงื ื“ืœ, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืชื•ืš ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ืื•ืคื ื” ื”ื™ื ื ืžืฆืืช ื‘ืžืขืžื“ ืฉื•ื•ื” ืขืจืš ื•ื ื—ืฉื‘ืช ืœืื—ืช ืžื“ื•ื’ืžื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืขืœ ืฉืœ ื”ื“ื•ืจ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ. ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ื“ื•ื’ืžื ื™ืช ื”ืขืœ ื™ื•ืฆืืช ืขื ื”ืจื•ื•ืง ื”ื ื™ืฆื—ื™ ื•ื”ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจ ืžืžื ื” - ืœื™ืื•ื ืจื“ื• ื“ื™ืงืคืจื™ื•. ืื‘ืœ ืขื–ื‘ื• ืื•ืชื• ื•ืชื›ื™ืจื• ืืช ื”ืฉื ื”ื‘ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืื•ืคื ื”

ืฉื—ืจ ื—ื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื ืื•ืžื ื ืื—ืช ื”ืžืฆื—ื™ืงื•ืช ื‘ื˜ื™ืงื˜ื•ืง, ืื‘ืœ ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื” ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืจืฆื™ื ื™ื•ืช ืžืื•ื“. ื‘ื™ืŸ ืงืžืคื™ื™ื ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื›ื“ื•ื’ืžื ื™ืช ื”ื™ื ืขื•ืฉื” ืื•ื“ื™ืฉื ื™ื ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ("ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื ื”ืœ ืฉื™ื—ื” ืจืฆื™ืคื” ืฉืขื•ืช"), ืฉืœืžื” ืขื ื”ืคืจื™ื“ื” ืžืื•ืŸ ืจืคืืœื™ ("ืฉื™ื ื™ืชื™ ืืช ื”ืจื’ืœื™ ื”ืื›ื™ืœื” ืฉืœื™ ืžืื– ื”ืคืจื™ื“ื”") ื•ืžื•ื“ื” ืœืฉื•ืชืฃ ื”ืกืžื•ื™ ืฉืœื” โ€“ ืืœื•ื”ื™ื. ื•ืขื ืงืฆืช ืขื–ืจื” ืžืžื ื•, ืชื ื• ืœื” ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื ื•ื”ื™ื ื‘ืœื•ืก ืื ื’'ืœืก

ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื”ืชืืคืจ ื‘ื’ื™ืœ 5, ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืขืœ ื–ื” ื‘ื’ื™ืœ 10 ื•ื‘ื’ื™ืœ 13 ื›ื‘ืจ ืœื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืฆื‘ื ืžืขืจื™ืฆื™ื ื‘ืื™ื ืกื˜ื’ืจื. ืœื ืžืขื˜ ื ืขืจื•ืช ืžืชื—ื–ืงื•ืช ืฉื’ืจืช ื˜ื™ืคื•ื— ืžืชื•ืงืชืงืช. ื”ื”ื•ืจื™ื ืžืชืคืขืœื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ื”ืžื•ืžื—ื™ื ื˜ื•ืขื ื™ื ืฉื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœื”ืชืœื”ื‘, ื”ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื“ืื•ื’

ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื•ืช ื”ืื•ืคื ืชื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืฆื‘ืข ื”ืื“ื•ื ื–ื•ืœื’ืช ืžื˜ื” ื•ืžืฉืชืœื˜ืช ื’ื ืขืœ ื›ืคื•ืช ื”ืจื’ืœื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื—ื•ื‘ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืกื˜ื™ื™ืœ. ืกื•ืคื™ื” ืจื™ืฆ'ื™ ืขืฉืชื” ืืช ื–ื” ืœื ืžื–ืžืŸ ืขื ืฉืžืœืช ืขืจื‘ ื™ืคื”, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืžื™ื“ื” ื”ืŸ ื’ื ื™ืฉืชืœื‘ื• ื ื”ื“ืจ ืขื ื˜ื™-ืฉื™ืจื˜ ื•ื’'ื™ื ืก ืจืคื•ื™

ืกืคืจื• ืœื ื• ืœืืŸ ืžืชื—ืฉืง ืœื›ืŸ ืœื˜ื•ืก ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื•ืื•ืœื™ ืชื–ื›ื• ื‘ืฉื ื™ ื‘ืฉืžื™ื ืฉืœ Scotch & Soda ื‘ืฉื•ื•ื™ 550 ืฉืงืœื™ื

ื‘ืงืจื•ื‘ ื ืฆื˜ืจืš ืœื”ืชืจื’ืœ ืœืฉื•ื‘ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืกืงื™ื ื™ ื’'ื™ื ืก, ืื‘ืœ ืขื“ ืื– - ื”ืื•ื™ื‘ ื”ืžื•ืฉื‘ืข ืฉืœื• ื‘ื ืœืชืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”: ื”ื—ื•ืจืฃ ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ ืฉื™ื™ืš ืœื‘ืื’ื™ ื’'ื™ื ืก, ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืคื™ื ื•ืง ื”ื ื™ื ื•ื— ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื‘ื™ื ืื™ืชื•. ื›ืš ืชืœื‘ืฉื• ืื•ืชื• ื ื›ื•ืŸ (ื–ื” ื‘ืืžืช ืœื ืžืืชื’ืจ ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“), ื•ืืœื” ื”ืื•ืคืฆื™ื•ืช ื”ื›ื™ ืฉื•ื•ืช ื‘ื—ื ื•ื™ื•ืช

ืžืืจื™ ื”ื™ื™ืžืŸ, ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื‘ืขื‘ืจ ืขื•ืจื›ืช ืื•ืคื ื” ื•ื”ื™ื•ื ืžืชืคืงื“ืช ื›ืกื˜ื™ื™ืœื™ืกื˜ื™ืช-ืขืœ, ื ื™ืฉืื” ืœื‘ื—ื™ืจ ืœื™ื‘ื” ื‘ืื™ืจื•ืข ืื™ื ื˜ื™ืžื™ ื‘ืื—ื•ื–ื” ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช. ื”ืฉืžืœื” ืฉืœื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื ืงื™ื™ื” ื•ืืœื’ื ื˜ื™ืช, ื•ื’ื ื”ืื•ืจื—ื•ืช ื”ื’ื™ืขื• ื‘ืืื•ื˜ืคื™ื˜ื™ื ืžื”ืžืžื™ื

ื‘ืฉืžืœืช ืงื˜ื™ืคื” ืฉื—ื•ืจื” ืขื ืฉืจื•ื•ืœื™ื ืืจื•ื›ื™ื ื•ืฆื•ื•ืืจื•ืŸ ื’ื•ืœืฃ, ืจื•ืกืœื ื” ืจื•ื“ื™ื ื” ื ืจืืชื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืžืขื•ืœื”. ื”ืฉืžืœื” ื ืจืื™ืช ืžืžื‘ื˜ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฆื ื•ืขื”, ืื‘ืœ ืฆื“ื™ ื”ืฉืžืœื” ื•ื”ืฉืจื•ื•ืœื™ื ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ื“ ืจืฉืช ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืžื—ืฉื•ืคื™ ืฆื“ ืขืžื•ืงื™ื ืฉืžืกืคืงื™ื ืžืฉื—ืงื™ ืฉืงื™ืคื•ื™ื•ืช. ื–ื” ืœื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื”ืฉืžืœื” ื”ืฉื—ื•ืจื” ื”ืงื˜ื ื”

ืžื“ื™ ืคืขื ื›ื™ืฃ ืœืคื–ื•ืœ ืœืืจื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืงื•ื‘ื• ื•ืœื”ืชืžื•ื’ื’ ืžืžื•ืชื’ื™ ื”ืขืœ ื•ืžื”ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ืงื–ืณื•ืืœื™ ืฉื”ื™ื ืžืฉืœื‘ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืคืจื™ื˜ื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื, ื›ืš ืฉื’ื ื›ืฉื”ื™ื ืœื•ื‘ืฉืช ืžืจืื” ื‘ืฉื•ื•ื™ ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืืœืคื™ ืฉืงืœื™ื, ื”ื™ื ืœื ื ืจืื™ืช ืžื ื•ืชืงืช ืžื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื”. ืื– ืžืื™ืคื” ื”ื’ื•ืคื™ื™ื” ื”ื”ื•ืจืกืช ืฉืœื”?