ืชืงืจืื• ืœื” ื‘ื‘ืฉ: ื”ืื™ื˜-ื’ื™ืจืœ ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช ืฉืืชื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ

ืžื—ื•ื’ ื”ื˜ืจื ื“ื™ื ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ืฉื”ื’ื™ืข ื”ืจื’ืข ืœืงื—ืช ืืช ื”ื›ืชืจ ืžื”ืกืžื‘ื”, ื”ืกืคื™ื“ืงืื˜ ื•ืฉืืจ ื”ืขื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืขื ื•ื’ื•ืช, ื•ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ืกื ื™ืงืจืก ื”ืฆ'ืื ืงื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ืžืกื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช. ื•ืžื™ ื”ืžื•ืขืžื“ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืฉืœืžื•ืช ืœืžืฉื™ืžื” ืื ืœื ื ืขืœื™ ื”ืกืงื™ื™ื˜ืจื™ื ืจื—ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื•ืขื‘ื•ืช ื”ืฉืจื•ื›ื™ื, ืฉืœื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉื’ื“ืœื” ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ืืœืคื™ื™ื ื”ื™ื” ื—ืชื™ื›ืช ืจื’ืข ืื™ืชืŸ?

ื”ื ืงืจืื• ืœื” "ื•ืจื“ ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ", ื”ืกืชื ื•ื•ืจื• ืžื”ื ื™ื—ื•ื— ื”ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™ ื•ืžื”ืกื’ื ื•ืŸ ื”ืื™ืฉื™, ื“ืื’ื• ืœื” ื›ืฉื—ืœืชื” ื‘ืกืจื˜ืŸ. ืฉื ื™ื ืžืฉื›ื” ืืกืžื ืืœ-ืืกื“ ืืช ืชืฉื•ืžืช ื”ืœื‘ ืฉืœ ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช - ื•ืœืžืขืฉื” ื”ืœื‘ื™ื ื” ืืช ืžืขืฉื™ื• ืฉืœ ื‘ืขืœื”, ื‘ืฉืืจ ืืœ-ืืกื“, ืฉื˜ื‘ื— ื‘ื‘ื ื™ ืขืžื•. ืจืง ื›ืขืช, ืื—ืจื™ ื ืคื™ืœืช ื”ืžืฉื˜ืจ ื•ื”ื‘ืจื™ื—ื” ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ ื”ื–ื•ื’ ืœืจื•ืกื™ื”, ื”ืขื•ืœื ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืœืฉืื•ืœ ืื™ืš ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื” ืืฉืช ื”ืจื•ื“ืŸ ืœืžื›ื•ืจ ืืช ืชื“ืžื™ืช ืื™ื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืื•ืคื ื” ื•ืœื”ื•ืคื™ืข ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ื’ื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื’ื ื•ื– ืฉืœ "ื•ื•ื’"

ื”ืžืขืฆื‘ ืžืชื™ื• ื‘ืœื™ื™ื–ื™ ื›ืžืขื˜ ืงื™ื‘ืœ ืืช ืžืจื›ื– ื”ื‘ืžื” ืขื ื”ื”ื•ื“ืขื” ืขืœ ื›ื ื™ืกืชื• ืœืฉืื ืœ, ืื‘ืœ ืื– ื”ื’ื™ืข ื’'ื•ืŸ ื’ืœื™ืื ื• ื•ืขืฉื” ืืช ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืขื•ืฉื” ื”ื›ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘: ื’ื ื‘ ืœื’ืžืจื™ ืืช ื”ื”ืฆื’ื”. ื•ื’ื: ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉื‘ื•ื•ื’ ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ ืžื‘ืืกื™ื, ื‘ื•ื•ื’ ืคื•ืจื˜ื•ื’ืœ ืžื›ื›ื‘ ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ ืžื•ื›ืฉืจ ื‘ืฉืขืจ ืžื“ื”ื™ื, ื”ื–'ืงื˜ ืฉืœ "ื”ืจื•ืฆื— ื”ื—ืชื™ืš" ืขืฃ ืžื”ืžื“ืคื™ื ื•ื“ื•ืฆ'ื™ ื”ื™ื ืžืขืงื‘ ื”ืกื˜ื™ื™ืœ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœื ื•. ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช, ืฉืืœื•ืช ื•ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ืขืœ ืžื” ืฉืงืจื” ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืื•ืคื ื”

ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื”ื ืกื‘ืœื• ืœืชืงื•ืคื” ืžืชื“ืžื™ืช ืžื™ื•ืฉื ืช, ื”ื’ืจื‘ื™ื•ื ื™ื ื—ื–ืจื• ืืœ ื—ื™ื™ื ื• โ€“ ื•ืืœื” ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืžืขื•ืœื•ืช ืœื›ืœ ื—ื•ื‘ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืฉืžืœื•ืช ื•ื”ื—ืฆืื™ื•ืช โ€“ ืื‘ืœ ืœื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืื‘ื™ื–ืจ ืคืจืงื˜ื™ ื‘ืœื‘ื“. ื”ืคืงืช ืื•ืคื ื” ื—ื•ืจืคื™ืช ื•ืžืœืืช ื”ืฉืจืื” ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ืœืกื˜ื™ื™ืœื™ื ื’ ื‘ืฉื ืงืจ

ืกืคืจื• ืœื ื• ืžืชื™ ืžืฆืืชืŸ ืงื™ืฆื•ืจ ื“ืจืš ืžืขื•ืœื” ื•ืื•ืœื™ ืชื–ื›ื• ื‘ืžืืจื– ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ื— ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ืžืกื“ืจืช ื”ืฉืงื“ื™ื ืฉืœ ืœ'ืื•ืงืกื™ื˜ืŸ

ืฉืœื•ืžื™ืช ืžืœื›ื” ื”ื’ื™ืขื” ืœื‘ื™ืงื•ืจ ื‘ืืจืฅ ื•ื”ืชื™ื™ืฆื‘ื” ืœื”ืคืงืช ืื•ืคื ื” ืฉืชืคื•ืจื” ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืœืžื™ื“ื•ืชื™ื”. ืื™ืŸ ืžื” ืœื”ื’ื™ื“, ืžืื– ืฉืขื‘ืจื” ืœื’ื•ืจ ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘ ื”ืชื’ืขื’ืขื ื• ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืชืœืชืœื™ื, ืœืกื˜ื™ื™ืœ ื•ืœื™ื•ืคื™ ื”ืื™ื ืกื•ืคื™ ืฉืœื”

ื–'ืงื˜ ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืžืขื™ืœ, ืžืฉืงืคื™ ืฉืžืฉ ื‘ืฆื‘ืข ืงืฆืช ืื—ืจ, ื ืขืœื™ื™ื ืงืœืืกื™ื•ืช ืื‘ืœ ืขื ืื“ื’' ืฉื™ืชืื™ืžื• ืœื”ื›ืœ, ืกื•ื•ื˜ืฉื™ืจื˜ ืฉืœื ื ืจืฆื” ืœืฆืืช ืžืžื ื•, ืกืจื•ื ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ ืœืฉื™ืขืจ, ืชื™ืง ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ื•ืœ ื‘ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื•ื‘ื•ืฉื ื™ื•ื ื™ืกืงืก ืžืื•ื“ ืžืฉืชืœื. ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืช ืฉื•ื•ืช ืœืฉื•ืคื™ื ื’

ืื™ืš ืฉื•ืจื“ื™ื ืขืจื‘ ืฉืœ ื’ืœืื ื›ืฉื”ื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจื•ืช ืฆื•ื ื—ื•ืช? ื”ืื™ื˜-ื’ื™ืจืœ ื•ื”ืกื˜ื™ื™ืœื™ืกื˜ ื”ืฆืžื•ื“, ืื™ื™ื–ืง ืœื•ื™, ืขืœื• ืขืœ ื”ื ื•ืกื—ื”. ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ื–ื” ืงืฆืช ืฉืงื•ืฃ, ื›ืžื” ืฉื›ื‘ื•ืช, ืชื™ืง ืžืขืฆื‘ื™ื ืื—ื“ ื•ืชื›ืฉื™ื˜ื™ื ืื™ืคื” ืฉืจืง ืืคืฉืจ

ื”ื˜ืจื ืกืคื•ืจืžืฆื™ื” ืฉืขื‘ืจื• ืคื ื™ื” ืฉืœ ืœื™ื ื“ื–ื™ ืœื•ื”ืŸ ื‘ืช ื”-38 ืœื ืžืคืกื™ืงื” ืœื”ืขืกื™ืง ืืช ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜, ื‘ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืœื• ื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื”ื™ื ืขื‘ืจื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืชื•ืฆืื” ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช ื•ื–ื•ื”ืจืช. ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข ืงื™ื‘ืœื• ื”ืื•ื‘ืกืกื™ื‘ื™ื™ื ืงืฆื” ื—ื•ื˜, ื›ืฉื”ื›ื•ื›ื‘ืช ืฉื™ืชืคื” ืชืžื•ื ื” ืขื ืจื•ืคืื” ืืกืชื˜ื™ืช ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจืช ืžื“ื•ื‘ืื™. ืžื˜ื•ืจืฃ ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ืœืš ืœื” ื‘ืชื’ื•ื‘ื•ืช

ืจื“ืžื™ ื”ื™ื ืžืฉืคื™ืขื ื™ืช ื ื“ื™ื‘ื”, ื›ื–ื• ืฉื—ื•ืœืงืช ื‘ืขืงื‘ื™ื•ืช ื•ื‘ืื•ืชื ื˜ื™ื•ืช ืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ืื•ืคื ืชื™ื™ื ืฉืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจื”. ื”ื™ื ืžืชืขื“ืช ืืช ื”ืกื˜ื™ื™ืœ ื”ื”ืจื™ื•ื ื™ ืฉืœื” ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžืจืฉื™ืžื”, ืžืขื•ืจืจืช ื”ืฉืจืื” ื•ื’ื ืคืจืงื˜ื™ืช. ื”ืคืขื ื”ื™ื ืขื•ืฉื” ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ื™ื ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืœืฆืช ื‘ื˜ืŸ ืขื ื—ืฆืื™ืช ืกืื˜ืŸ ื•ืขื ื’'ื™ื ืก ื’ื‘ื•ื”

ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืื•ืคื ื” ืฉืื ืœ ื”ืจื™ื ืื™ืจื•ืข ื ื•ืฆืฅ ืฉื›ืœืœ ืื™ื™ ืœื™ืกื˜ืจื™ื•ืช ื•ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ืŸ ืืจื™ืื ื” ื’ืจื ื“ื”, ืกืœื™ื ื” ื’ื•ืžื– ื•ืžื™ืœื” ืงื•ื ื™ืก. ื”ื ืฆื™ื’ื” ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ืจืฉื™ืžื” ื‘ืžืจืื” ืฉื›ืœืœ ืžื›ื ืกื™ ืขื•ืจ ื•ืกืจื™ื’ ื ื™ื ื•ื—, ืœืฆื“ ืžืฉืงืคื™ ืฉืžืฉ ืฉื—ื•ื ื›ื™ื ืืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ืฉืœื™ืกื˜ ืฉืœื ื• ืœืงื™ืฅ ื”ื‘ื

ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ื”ื™ื” ืœืคืกืคืก ืืช ืœื™ืื•ืจ ืžืืจืก, ืฉืขืžื“ื” ื‘ืœื‘ ืกืขืจืช ืงื•ื˜ืงืก, ืื‘ืœ ืขื•ื“ ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืŸ โ€“ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืื—ืช ื”ื˜ื™ืงื˜ื•ืงืจื™ื•ืช ื”ื›ื™ ืžืฆืœื™ื—ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ืฆืœืœื ื• ืืœ ืžืขืžืงื™ ื”ืžืœืชื—ื” ืฉืœื” ื•ื’ื™ืœื™ื ื• ืกื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืœื ืžืชืืžืฅ ื•ืœื ืžืชื ืฆืœ

ืืžื ื ืœื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืคืจื™ื˜ ืฉื–ืžื™ืŸ ืœื›ืœ ืื—ืช - ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช ืฉืื ืœ - ืื‘ืœ ืื™ืŸ ืœื ื• ืกืคืง ืฉื‘ืงืจื•ื‘ ืชืจืื• ื‘ืจืฉืชื•ืช ืืช ื”ืชืจื’ื•ื ื”ื–ืจื™ื– ืœื™ืฆื™ืื” ื”ืžื•ืฆืœื—ืช ื”ื–ืืช: ื”ืžื•ืงืกื™ื ื™ื ืžืงื•ืœืงืฆื™ื™ืช ื”ืงืจื•ื– ืฉืœ ืžื•ืชื’ ื”ืขืœ ื›ื•ื‘ืฉื™ื ืืช ื”ืคืืฉื ื™ืกื˜ื•ืช ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ื ืงื™, ืืœื’ื ื˜ื™ ื•ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื•ืจืกื˜ื™ืœื™, ืฉืžืงืคื™ืฅ ื›ืœ ืœื•ืง

ื’'ื ื™ืคืจ ืœื•ืคื– ื”ื™ื ืžืกื•ื’ ื”ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืืฆืœืŸ ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ื”ื•ื ื—ื’, ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื–ื” ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืืื•ื˜ืคื™ื˜ื™ื ืžื•ื’ื–ืžื™ื ื•ื ื•ืฆืฆื™ื, ืื– ื›ืฉื—ื’ ื”ืžื•ืœื“ ืืฉื›ืจื” ื‘ืคืชื— - ื”ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืžืฉืชื’ืขืช. ื”ืคืขื ื”ื™ื ืžืฆื™ื’ื” ืืช ื’ื–ืจืชื” ื”ื‘ืœืชื™ ืกื‘ื™ืจื” ื‘ืฉืžืœืช ืคืื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ืฆืžื•ื“ื”, ื‘ืขืœืช ืžื—ืฉื•ืฃ ื ื“ื™ื‘ ืžืงื“ื™ืžื” ื•ืื—ื“ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื ื“ื™ื‘ ืžืื—ื•ืจื”

ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื ื•ื“ืข ื›ื™ ื’'ื™ื™ ื–ื™ ืžื•ืืฉื ื‘ืื•ื ืก ื ืขืจื” ื‘ืื—ืช ื”ืžืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื“ื™ื“ื™, ืื‘ืœ ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืžื ืกื” ืœืฉื“ืจ ืขืกืงื™ื ื›ืจื’ื™ืœ. ื”ื”ื•ืจื™ื ื”ื’ืื™ื ื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืœืชืžื•ืš ื‘ื‘ืชื ืขืœ ื”ืฉื˜ื™ื— ื”ืื“ื•ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœื” โ€“ ื‘ืคืจืžื™ื™ืจืช ื”ืกืจื˜ "ืžื•ืคืกื”", ื‘ื• ื”ื™ื ืœื•ืงื—ืช ื—ืœืง ื‘ื“ื™ื‘ื•ื‘. ื”ื–ื”ื‘ ืฉืœื˜ ืขื ืืื•ื˜ืคื™ื˜ื™ื ืชื•ืืžื™ื ืœืื, ืœื‘ืช ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืœืกื‘ืชื