ืื™ืš ื–ื” ืืžื™ืชื™? ื”ืฉื•ืจื˜ืก ืฉืœ ืฉืจืœื™ื– ืช'ืจื•ืŸ ืžื—ืจืคื ื™ื ืืช ื”ืคื™ื“. ื•ืœื ืจืง ื”ื

ืžื™ื™ืกื“ืช ืกืงื™ืžืก ืฉื•ื‘ ืžื•ื›ื™ื—ื” ืืช ื›ืฉืจื•ื ื” ื‘ื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ื”ืฆืจื›ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœื”, ื•ื”ืคืขื - ื”ืคืจื™ื˜ ืฉื›ืœ ืื—ืช ื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืœืืจื•ื– ืื™ืชื” ืœื—ื•ืคืฉืช ื—ื’ ื”ืžื•ืœื“ ื”ืžื•ืฉืœื’ืช, ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืช ื”ืชืžื•ื ื” ื”ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ืฉื›ื—ืช. ืงื™ื ื’ื ืžืชื ื“ื‘ืช ืœื”ื“ื’ื™ื, ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ื•ืžื” ื ืืžืจ - ื–ื” ืื›ืŸ ื ืจืื” ื›ืžื• ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืขืฉื•ื™ ืœื”ืžื™ืก ืืช ื”ืฉืœื’

ื”ืืงืกืกื•ืจื™ ื”ื›ื™ ื ื—ืฉืง ื‘ืขื•ืœื, ืžื•ืชื’ ื”ื›ื•ืกื•ืช ืกื˜ื ืœื™, ื”ื•ืฆื™ื ื”ื•ื“ืขื” ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ 2.6 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื›ื•ืกื•ืช ืขื ืžื ื’ื ื•ืŸ ืกื’ื™ืจืช ืžื›ืกื” ืฉื‘ืžื’ืข ืขื ื—ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืชื›ื•ื•ืฅ ื•ืœื”ืชืจื—ื‘, ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื”ืชืคื•ืฆืฅ. ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ื•ืฆื™ืื” ืืช ื”ื”ื•ื“ืขื” ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœื” ื›-90 ืชืœื•ื ื•ืช ืขืœ ืžื›ืกื™ื ืฉื ื•ืคืœื™ื ืžื”ื›ื•ืกื•ืช ืื• ืžืชืคื•ืฆืฆื™ื, ื‘-38 ืžืชื•ื›ื ื”ื™ื• ื“ื™ื•ื•ื—ื™ื ืขืœ ื›ื•ื•ื™ื•ืช, ืฉื—ืœืงืŸ ื“ืจืฉื• ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืจืคื•ืื™

ืœื ืฉื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื“ื™ ืฉื›ื ื•ืข ืœื’ื‘ื™ื”ืŸ, ืื‘ืœ ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื›ืฉื”ื™ื ืื•ืžืจืช - ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ืจืฉืžื™ืช ื‘ืฉื™ื ื”ืกื˜ื™ื™ืœ. ืจื™ืจื™ื‘ืกืš ื™ืฆืื” ืœืกื™ื‘ื•ื‘ ืงื–'ื•ืืœื™ ื‘ืœื•ืง ืงื–'ื•ืืœื™, ืžื” ืฉื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืื•ืžืจ ืขื•ื“ ืœื•ืง ืื™ืงื•ื ื™ ืœืคื ืชื™ืื•ืŸ. ื•ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ื›ื™ ื™ืคื” ื”ื•ื ื”ื’ื‘ืจ ืฉืœืฆื™ื“ื”, ืื™ื™ืกืืค ืจื•ืงื™. ืื• ืœื™ืชืจ ื“ื™ื•ืง, ื”ื’ืจื‘ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื•

ืจื’ืข ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื™ื ื—ื•ื–ืจืช ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืฉืœื™ื—ืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช 12 ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘ ื”ื’ื™ืขื” ืขื ื‘ืŸ ื–ื•ื’ื” ืœืื™ืจื•ืข ื—ื’ื™ื’ื™ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืœื‘ืŸ. ื”ืคืขื ื”ื™ื ื•ื™ืชืจื” ืขืœ ื”ื—ืœื™ืคื•ืช ื”ืžื—ื•ื™ื˜ื•ืช ื•ืขืฉืชื” ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ืื•ืคื ืชื™ืช ืžืจืขื ื ืช: ืฉืžืœื” ืืœื’ื ื˜ื™ืช ืืš ืงืœื™ืœื”, ืœืฆื“ ืืงืกืกื•ืจื™ื– ืฉืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืžืขื•ืœื” ืชืžื™ื“

ืœืื™ืจื•ืข ืื•ืคื ืชื™ ื ื•ืฆืฅ ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื”ื’ื™ืขื” ืฉื™ืจ ืืœืžืœื™ื—, ืื™ืฉื” ืฉื™ื•ื“ืขืช ืงืœืืกื” ืžื” ื”ื™ื, ื‘ืฉืžืœื” ืฉื—ื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ืžื•ืชื’ ืžืงื•ืžื™ ื•ื”ืจืืชื” ืื™ืš ืฉืžืœื” ืฉื—ื•ืจื” ืงื˜ื ื” ื”ื™ื ื”ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ื”ืžื•ืฉืœื. ื”ื™ื ื”ืฉืœื™ืžื” ืืช ื”ืžืจืื” ืขื ืขื’ื™ืœื™ื ื–ื”ื•ื‘ื™ื, ืฉื™ืขืจ ื‘ืžืจืื” ืจื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ืื•ื“ื ืื“ื•ื. ืื”ื‘ื ื• ื”ื›ืœ

ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืคืจืฆื•ืคื™ื ื”ืžื•ื›ืจื™ื ืฉื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืืžืฉ ืœืื™ืจื•ืข ืฉืœ ื“ื™ื•ืจ ื‘ืœื˜ื” ืžื™ื™ื” ืฉื. ื”ืžืื•ืจืกืช ื”ื˜ืจื™ื™ื” ืœื‘ืฉื” ืื•ื‘ืจื•ืœ ืžื‘ื™ืช ื’ืœื™ื” ืœื”ื‘, ื•ื”ืฉืœื™ืžื” ืืช ื”ืœื•ืง ื”ืฆื—ื•ืจ ืขื ืชื™ืง ืฉืœ ื•ืœื ื˜ื™ื ื• ื•ืขืงื‘ื™ื ืฉืœ ื’'ื™ืžื™ ืฆ'ื•. ื›ืžื” ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœืจืื•ืช ืื•ืชื” ื›ื›ื”

ื™ืฉ ืœื” ื’ื™ืฉื” ื‘ืœืชื™ ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœืช ืœืคืจื™ื˜ื™ื ื”ื™ืคื™ื ื•ื”ืื™ื›ื•ืชื™ื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื, ืื‘ืœ ืžืžืฉ ื›ืžื•ื ื•, ื’ื ื“ื•ื›ืกื™ืช ื”ืกื˜ืจื™ื˜-ืกื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืงื™ื™ื˜ื™ ื”ื•ืœืžืก ื ื“ื‘ืงืช ืžื“ื™ ืคืขื ืœื›ืžื” ื›ืืœื” ืฉืคืฉื•ื˜ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืœื” ืขื ื›ืœ ืœื•ืง, ื•ืœื ืžื”ืกืกืช ืœื—ืจื•ืฉ ืื•ืชื. ื”ืคืขื ื” ืงื•ืจื”, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืืจ, ืขืœ ืจืงืข ืื—ื“ ืžืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ื™ ื”ืฆื‘ืขื™ื ื”ื›ื™ ื™ืคื™ื ื•ืžืจืขื ื ื™ื ืฉืจืื™ื ื• ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื”

ืืชืžื•ืœ ืขื“ืŸ ื‘ืŸ ื–ืงืŸ ืื™ืจื—ื” ืืช ืคืจื™ื“ื” ื‘ืžื•ืคืข ืฉืœื” ื‘ื”ื™ื›ืœ ืžื ื•ืจื”, ื•ื”ื›ื•ื›ื‘ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื” ืœื ืื›ื–ื‘ื”. ื”ื”ื•ืคืขื” ื”ืžืจืฉื™ืžื” ืฉืœื” ืœื•ื•ืชื” ื‘ืœื•ืง ืฉืœ ืกื•ืคืจืกื˜ืืจื™ืช, ืฉื›ืœืœ ื—ืœื™ืคื” ื“ืžื•ื™ืช ืขื•ืจ ื•ืคืจื™ื˜ื™ ื•ื™ื ื˜ื’' ืฉืœื•ืงื˜ื• ื‘ืงืคื™ื“ื”, ื›ืžื™ื˜ื‘ ื”ืžืกื•ืจืช

ื”ืขื•ืœื ืžื›ื™ืจ ืื•ืชื” ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื›ื–ื•ื’ืชื• ืฉืœ ื’'ืฃ ื‘ื–ื•ืก, ืžืชื—ืจื” ืงื‘ื•ืข ืขืœ ืชื•ืืจ ื”ืื™ืฉ ื”ืขืฉื™ืจ ื‘ืขื•ืœื, ืื‘ืœ ืœื•ืจืŸ ืกื ืฆ'ื– ื”ื™ื, ืžืกืชื‘ืจ, ื’ื ืกื•ืคืจืช ื™ืœื“ื™ื. ื”ื™ื ื‘ื™ืงืจื” ื‘ื—ื ื•ืช ืกืคืจื™ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื“ื ืืช ื”ืกืคืจ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœื”, ื•ื”ืฆื˜ืœืžื” ืฉื ื‘ืœื•ืง ื—ืฆื™ืœื™ ืžื—ืžื™ื ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืฉื›ืœืœ ื—ื•ืœืฆืช-ืกืจื™ื’ ืฉืงื•ืคื” ื•ืžื›ื ืกื™ื™ื ื‘ื’ื–ืจื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื”

ื”ื™ื ื”ืฆื˜ืœืžื” ืœืงืžืคื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ืคื ื“ื•ืจื” ืขื ืฉื•ืชืฃ ืžืคืชื™ืข: ื”ื›ืœื‘ ื”ืžืชื•ืง ืคืจื“. ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื ืจื’ืขื ื• ืžื”ื“ื•ื’ืžืŸ ื”ื–ืขื™ืจ ื”ืชืคื ื™ื ื• ืœื”ืชืžืงื“ ื‘ืœื•ืงื™ื ืฉืœ ื’ืจื™ื ื‘ืจื’ โ€“ ืฉื‘ืžืจื›ื–ื ืขืžื“ื• ืฉื ื™ ืžืขื™ืœื™ื ืงืœืืกื™ื™ื, ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืขื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืกื˜ ืžืฉืœื•. ืœื”ืชืจืื•ืช ื‘ื—ืœื•ืžื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•

ื—ื•ืฅ ืžื›ื™ืฉืจื•ื ื•ืช ืžื•ื–ื™ืงืœื™ื™ื, "ื”ื›ื•ื›ื‘ ื”ื‘ื ืœืื™ืจื•ื•ื™ื–ื™ื•ืŸ" ื”ื™ื ื’ื ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืฉืจืื” ืื•ืคื ืชื™ ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ื”ืืื•ื˜ืคื™ื˜ื™ื ืฉืœ ืจื•ืชื ืกืœืข. ื”ืคืขื ื”ืกื˜ื™ื™ืœื™ืกื˜ื™ืช ืืœื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื“ืงื•ื‘ ื™ืฆืจื” ืขื‘ื•ืจื” ืžืจืื” ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ืงืœื•ืช ืžืžืกืš ื”ื˜ืœื•ื•ื™ื–ื™ื” ืืœ ืฉื’ืจืช ื”ื™ื•ืžื™ื•ื, ืขื ื›ืžื” ืคืจื™ื˜ื™ ืžืคืชื— ืฉืชืžื™ื“ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืืจื•ืŸ

ืฉืชื™ ื”ื•ืคืขื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืกื•ืฃ ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื’ืจืžื• ืœืขื“ืŸ ื‘ืŸ ื–ืงืŸ ืœืฉื‘ื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืจืืฉ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืžื” ืœืœื‘ื•ืฉ. ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืคื” ืฉืžืœื” ื•ื’ื ืœื ื—ืฆืื™ืช. ืฉื ื™ ืœื•ืงื™ื ืขื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ืฉืจืื•ืช ืžื‘ื’ื“ื™ ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ืžื—ื•ื™ื˜ื™ื ืื‘ืœ ืขื ืœื ืžืขื˜ ื—ืœืงื™ื ืฉืงื•ืคื™ื. ื›ื›ื” ืขื•ื“ ืœื ืจืื™ื ื• ืื•ืชื”

ื”ื™ื ืื—ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื™ืขื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืื”ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื, ืฉื•ื•ื“ื™ืช ื™ืคื”ืคื™ื” ืฉื™ื“ื•ืขื” ื‘ืฉื™ืขืจื” ื”ืžื•ืฉืœื ื•ื‘ืžื•ืชื’ ื”ืžืฆืœื™ื— ืฉืœื”. ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืขืœ ืจืงืข ื”ืฉืงืช ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ื”ืคืขื•ืœื” ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ื•ื”ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืฉืœื” ืขื ื”ื™ื™ืœื™ ื‘ื™ื‘ืจ, ืžืชืคืจืกื ืชื—ืงื™ืจ ืฉืžืฆื™ื™ืจ ืื•ืชื” ื›ื‘ื•ืกื™ืช ืžืชืขืžืจืช ื•ืื™ืฉื” ื“ื™ ื ื•ืจืื™ืช. ื”ื”ืชื ืฆืœื•ืช ื”ื’ื™ืขื” ืžื”ืจ, ืื‘ืœ ื”ืฉืขืจื•ืจื™ื” ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ืฉื™ืื”

ืขื ื”ื•ืคืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืจื™ ืžื™ืžื•ืŸ, ืขื•ืžืจ ืื“ื ื•ืืชื ื™ืงืก, ื›ื ืจืื” ืฉื”ืื•ืจื—ื™ื ื”ื™ื• ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ืžืจื•ืฆื™ื ื’ื ืื ื”ื›ืœื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื ื›ื ืกืช ืœื—ื•ืคื” ื‘ื’ืณื™ื ืก, ืื‘ืœ ืฉืœืžื•ืจ ื”ืฉืงื™ืขื” ืžืื“ ื’ื ื‘ื’ื–ืจื” ื”ืื•ืคื ืชื™ืช ืขื ืฉื ื™ ืœื•ืงื™ื. ืฉืžืœืช ื”ื—ื•ืคื” ืžืชื—ืจื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืžืจื”ื™ื‘ื” ื•ืื™ืœื• ื”ืœื•ืง ื”ืฉื ื™ ื”ืคืชื™ืข ื‘ืจืžื•ืช ื•ื ื™ื›ืจ ืฉืฉืœืžื•ืจ ื”ืจื’ื™ืฉื” ื‘ื• ื”ื›ื™ ื‘ื ื—

ืžื—ื•ื’ ื”ื˜ืจื ื“ื™ื ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ืฉื”ื’ื™ืข ื”ืจื’ืข ืœืงื—ืช ืืช ื”ื›ืชืจ ืžื”ืกืžื‘ื”, ื”ืกืคื™ื“ืงืื˜ ื•ืฉืืจ ื”ืขื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืขื ื•ื’ื•ืช, ื•ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ืกื ื™ืงืจืก ื”ืฆ'ืื ืงื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ืžืกื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช. ื•ืžื™ ื”ืžื•ืขืžื“ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืฉืœืžื•ืช ืœืžืฉื™ืžื” ืื ืœื ื ืขืœื™ ื”ืกืงื™ื™ื˜ืจื™ื ืจื—ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื•ืขื‘ื•ืช ื”ืฉืจื•ื›ื™ื, ืฉืœื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉื’ื“ืœื” ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ืืœืคื™ื™ื ื”ื™ื” ื—ืชื™ื›ืช ืจื’ืข ืื™ืชืŸ?