ืจืืฉื™ ื˜ืจื ื“ื™ื

ืชื›ื™ืจื• ืืช ื˜ืื‘ื™, ื”ืชื™ืง ื”ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ืขื•ื ื” ืžื‘ื™ืช ื”ืื•ืคื ื” ืงื•ืืฅ'. ื”ื•ื ืื•ืžื ื ืœื ื”ื›ื™ ื—ื“ืฉ ืื‘ืœ ื’ืจืกืื•ืชื™ื• ื”ืงื™ื™ืฆื•ืช ื”ืคื›ื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื›ื™ ื•ื™ืจืืœื™ ื‘ืจืฉืช ืขื ืžืจืื” 'ืคืืคื™' ื ื•ื›ื— ืฉื ื•ืชืŸ ืœืชื™ืง ื”ืžื•ื›ืจ ื•ื”ืื”ื•ื‘ ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืกื˜ ื—ื“ืฉ ื•ืžืจืขื ืŸ. ืื– ื‘ืื™ื–ื” ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื”ื•ื ืžื’ื™ืข ื•ื›ืžื” ื”ื•ื ืขื•ืœื”?

ื”ื•ื ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื–ืžืŸ, ืื‘ืœ ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื”ื’ื™ืข ื”ืจื’ืข ืฉืœื• ืœื”ื™ืžืจื— ืœื ื• ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืคื™ื“. ื”ื’ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ืคืกื˜ืœื™ ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ืฆื”ื•ื‘ ืœื‘ื–' ื”ื•ื ืืœื˜ืจื ื˜ื™ื‘ื” ืžืจืขื ื ืช ืœืœื‘ืŸ ื”ืžืกื•ืจืชื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ื ื” (ื•ืฉืœ ืขืจื‘ ื”ื—ื’ ื”ื‘ื ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื˜ื•ื‘ื”), ื•ื”ื•ื ื–ื•ืจื— ืขืœ ืกืจื™ื’ื™ื ื“ืงื™ื ื›ืžื• ืขืœ ืืงืกืกื•ืจื™ื– ื ื—ืฉืงื™ื, ืขืœ ื‘ื’ื“ื™ ื™ื ื•ื’ื ืขืœ ื”ืฆื™ืคื•ืจื ื™ื™ื

ืงืฆืช ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืœื‘ื•ืฉ ื”ืŸ ืฉืžืœื•ืช ืงืœื™ืœื•ืช ื•ื—ืฆืื™ื•ืช ืื•ื•ืจื™ืจื™ื•ืช, ื”ื’ื™ืข ื”ืจื’ืข ืœืชืช ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืœืžืงื‘ื™ืœื” ื”ืžื—ื•ื™ื˜ืช ืฉืœื”ืŸ. ืชื—ืฉื‘ื• ืงืœืืกื™ืงื” ืืœื’ื ื˜ื™ืช ื‘ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ื ื™ื ื•ื—ื•ืช ื ื•ื ืฉืœื ื˜ื™ืช. ืชื—ืฉื‘ื• ืคืฉืชืŸ, ืคืกื˜ืœ ื•ื’ื–ืจื•ืช ื ืขื™ืžื•ืช ื•ืžื—ืžื™ืื•ืช. ืชื—ืฉื‘ื• ืขืœ ืžื›ื ืกื™ื™ื ืžื—ื•ื™ื˜ื™ื, ื•ืงื‘ืœื• ืืช ื”ืื•ืคืฆื™ื•ืช ื”ื›ื™ ื™ืคื•ืช ืฉืžืฆืื ื• ื‘ื—ื ื•ื™ื•ืช

ืขื“ ืœื ืžื–ืžืŸ ืขื•ื“ ืกื™ืคืจื• ืœื ื• ืฉื–ื” ื—ืœืง ืžืืกืชื˜ื™ืงืช "ืืฉืช ื”ืžืืคื™ื”", ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืขืœ ืžื” ื‘ืืžืช ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื›ืืŸ: ื”ืจื ืกื ืก ื”ืžื ื•ืžืจ ื‘ื“ืจืš ืืœื™ื ื• ื‘ืฉืื’ื•ืช ืขื ืง, ื•ืœื ืขื•ืžื“ ืœืฉื—ืจืจ ื‘ืขื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช. ืžืฆืื ื• ืืช ื”ืื•ืคืฆื™ื•ืช ื”ื›ื™ ืœื•ื”ื˜ื•ืช ื‘ื—ื ื•ื™ื•ืช

ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ื–ื” ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉื–ื• ืœื ืขื•ื“ ื›ื•ืชืจืช ืžืคื•ืฆืฆืช ื•ื—ื•ืœืคืช: ืชื™ืง ื”"ืžืจื’ื•" ืฉืœ ื“ื” ืจื•ืื•, ื”ืžื•ืชื’ ื”ืื•ืœื˜ืจื”-ื ื—ืฉืง ืฉืœ ื”ืื—ื™ื•ืช ืื•ืœืกืŸ, ืžืกืชืžืŸ ื›ืืœื˜ืจื ื˜ื™ื‘ื” ืืžื™ืชื™ืช ื•ืขื™ืงืฉืช ืœื‘ื™ืจืงื™ืŸ ื”ืงืœืืกื™, ื•ืžื‘ื˜ื ืืช ืฉื™ืื” ืฉืœ ืžื’ืžืช ื”ื™ื•ืงืจื” ื”ืฉืงื˜ื”. ืœืžื™ ื›ื‘ืจ ื™ืฉ, ืื™ืš ื–ื” ื ืจืื” ื•ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ - ื›ืžื” ื–ื” ืขื•ืœื”?

ื”ืŸ ืœื ืจืง ืขื•ืœื•ืช ืคื™ ืขืฉืจื” ืžื›ืœ ื“ื’ื ืžืžื•ืฆืข, ืืœื ื’ื ืœื ื ืฉืืจื•ืช ื‘ืžืœืื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื›ืžื” ื“ืงื•ืช. ืœื ืžืคืชื™ืข ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“, ื‘ื”ืชื—ืฉื‘ ื‘ื›ืš ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ื”ืคืขื•ืœื” ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื•ืชื’ ื”ืขืœ ื”ืœื•ื”ื˜ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื•ืชื’ ื”ืกืคื•ืจื˜ ื”ื•ื•ืชื™ืง ื•ื”ืื”ื•ื‘. ื”ื–ืžืฉ, ื’ื•ื•ื ื™ ื”ื—ื•ื, ื”ืฉืจื•ื›ื™ื ื”ืฆื‘ืขื•ื ื™ื™ื - ื›ื•ืœื ืžื‘ืฉืจื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื˜ืจื ื“ื™ื ื”ื‘ื•ืœื˜ื™ื ื‘ืชื—ื•ื

ื”ืืžืช ื”ื™ื ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื” ืงืฉื” ืœืจืื•ืช ืื•ืชื ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื: ืืกืชื˜ื™ืงืช ื”ืžื•ื ื•ื›ืจื•ื, ื˜ืจื ื“ ื”"ืงื•ืจืคื•ืจื™ื™ื˜-ืงื•ืจ" ื•ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ืœืจืขื ืŸ ืงืฆืช ืืช ื”ืงืœืืกื™ืงื” ื”ื›ื—ื•ืœื” - ื›ื•ืœื ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื™ื ืœื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืื™ื˜ื’ื™ืจืœืก ื‘ื’'ื™ื ืกื™ื ืืคื•ืจื™ื. ื›ืš ืชืœื‘ืฉื• ืื•ืชื ื‘ืกื˜ื™ื™ืœ ื ื•ื ืฉืœื ื˜ื™ ืžื•ืฉืœื

ื ืขืœื™ ื”ื‘ืœืจื™ื ื” ืฉืœ ืืœืื™ื” ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื“ืœ ื—ื™ืงื•ื™ ื•ื”ืฉืจืื” ืœื‘ืชื™ ืื•ืคื ื” ื•ืจืฉืชื•ืช, ื•ืืœื” ื ืฉื˜ืคื• ื‘ื ืขืœื™ื™ื ื”ืฉื˜ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ืื”ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื•ื”ื ื•ื—ื•ืช โ€“ ืื‘ืœ ื”ืคืขื ื‘ืขื™ื˜ื•ืจ ื ื™ื˜ื™ื ื›ืกื•ืคื™ื ืฉืฉื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจื” ื”ืžืชืงืชืงื”. ื‘ื•ืœ ืœืงืจืืช ื”ืื‘ื™ื‘

ื‘ื›ืœ ืคืขื ืฉืงืฆืช ืžืชื—ืžื, ื’ื–ืจืช ื”ืื•ืฃ-ืฉื•ืœื“ืจ ืžืงื‘ืœืช ืฉื•ื‘ ืืช ืงื“ืžืช ื”ื‘ืžื”. ื”ืฉื ื” ื”ื™ื ืžื’ื™ืขื” ืขื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืกื˜ ืจื•ืžื ื˜ื™ ื•ืจืš, ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืืฆืœ ืžืขืฆื‘ื™ ื”ืขืœ ื•ืจืฉืชื•ืช ื”ืื•ืคื ื”. ืžืฆืื ื• ืืช ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื›ื™ ื™ืคื•ืช ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืœืืจื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื โ€“ ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื›ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ืœื’ืžืจื™ ื ืžืืก ืžืžืœืชื—ืช ื”ื—ื•ืจืฃ ื”ืžื›ื‘ื™ื“ื”

ื”ื ื›ื ืจืื” ืœื ืžืžืฉ ื”ืชื›ื•ื•ื ื•, ืื‘ืœ ืžื•ืชื’ื™ ืขืœ ื›ืžื• ื’ื•ืฆ'ื™ ื•ืกืŸ ืœื•ืจืŸ ื™ืฆืื• ื“ื™ ืคืจื•-ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ื™ื ืขื ื”ืžื’ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ื“ื’ืฉื” ื‘ืงื•ืœืงืฆื™ื•ืช ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื: ื ื•ื›ื—ื•ืช ื“ื•ืžื™ื ื ื˜ื™ืช ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืฉืœ ื™ืจื•ืง-ื–ื™ืช ืฆื”"ืœื™, ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ืžื•ื’ื“ืจ ื›ื™ื•ืจืฉ ื”ืจืฉืžื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ืื“ื•ื. ืื‘ืœ ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืชืฉืœืคื• ืืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ืžื”ืืจื•ืŸ, ืžืฆืื ื• ื›ืžื” ืื•ืคืฆื™ื•ืช ืืคื™ืœื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื•ืฆืœื—ื•ืช

ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ื”ืคืขื•ืœื” ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ืจื™ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื ื™ื™ืงื™ ืœื–'ืืงืžื•ืก ื—ื•ื–ืจ ืœืกื™ื‘ื•ื‘ ืฉื ื™, ื•ืื™ืชื• ื—ื•ื–ืจื•ืช ื’ื ื”"ื’'ื™ื™ ืคื•ืจืก 1": ื’ืจืกืช ื”ื›ื•ื›ื‘ ื”ืฆืจืคืชื™ ืœืกื ื™ืงืจืก ื”ื›ื™ ืงืœืืกื™ื•ืช. ื”ืคืจื™ื˜ ื”ื•ื•ื™ืจืืœื™ ืžื”ืงื•ืœืงืฆื™ื” ื”ื•ื ืืžื ื ื”ืชื™ืง ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ืžืฆื™ืฃ ืืช ื”ืคื™ื“ (ื•ื”ืฆืœื™ื— ืœื”ืจื’ื™ื– ืžืขืฆื‘ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช ืฆืขื™ืจื”), ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ืขืœื™ื™ื ื”ืŸ ื”ืœื”ื™ื˜ ื”ืืžื™ืชื™

ื›ื•ืœืŸ ืจื•ืฆื•ืช ืœื”ื™ืจืื•ืช ืขืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื•ื”ืื™ื˜ื’ื™ืจืœืก ืขืœื• ืขืœ ื˜ืจื™ืง ื—ื“ืฉ-ื™ืฉืŸ ืฉืžื™ื“ ืžืฉื“ืจ "ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ืคื’ื™ืฉื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื” ื‘ืงื™ืกืจื™ื”". ื”ื•ื ื˜ืžื•ืŸ ื‘ืคืจื™ื˜ ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ ืžื›ื•ืœื, ื–ื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื›ืœ ืื—ืช ืžืื™ืชื ื• ื‘ืืจื•ืŸ, ื•ื‘ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ื”ืขืจืžื•ืžื™ ืฉืœื• ื‘ืœื•ืง. ืื•ืœื™ ื‘ืืžืช ื”ื’ื™ืข ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืœืงื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื’ืจืกื” ื”ื™ื•ืงืจืชื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื™ื™ืกื™ืง ื”ื ืฆื—ื™ ื”ื–ื”

ืขืœ ืจืงืข ื”ืชืฉื•ืงื” ื”ืžืžื•ืฉื›ืช ืœืงืœืืกื™ืงื•ืช ืฉืœ ื›ืกืฃ ื™ืฉืŸ, ื”ื•ืœื›ืช ื•ืžืชื‘ืœื˜ืช ื”ืžื˜ืคื—ื” ื›ืื‘ื™ื–ืจ ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืฉืžื•ืกื™ืฃ ืชื—ื›ื•ื ื•ืื™ืฉื™ื•ืช ืœื›ืœ ืœื•ืง. ืขืœ ื”ืจืืฉ, ื”ืฆื•ื•ืืจ, ื”ืฉื™ืขืจ ืื• ื”ืชื™ืง - ืื™ืคื” ืฉืœื ืชืงืฉืจื• ืื•ืชื”, ื”ื™ื ืชืขืฉื” ืืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”. ืžืฆืื ื• ืืช ื”ืื•ืคืฆื™ื•ืช ื”ื›ื™ ื™ืคื•ืช ื‘ื—ื ื•ื™ื•ืช

ื”ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืชื™ืงื™ ื”ื™ื•ืงืจื” ื”ืฉืงื˜ื” ื”ืžื™ื ื™ืžืœื™ืกื˜ื™ื™ื ื—ื™ื–ืงื” ื’ื ืืช ื”ืงืฆื” ื”ืฉื ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืกืงืืœื” โ€“ ืชื™ืงื™ื ื›ื™ืคื™ื™ื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื•ืช ื•ืฆื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ื™ื, ืขื ื’ื™ืžื™ืงื™ื ืžืฉืžื—ื™ื. ืชื™ืงื™ ื”ื›ื•ื›ื‘ ืฉืœ ืฉืื ืœ ื”ื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื›ืืœื”, ืื‘ืœ ืœืžืจื•ืช ื”ืžืจืื” ื”ืชืžื™ื ื•ื”ื™ืœื“ื•ืชื™ ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืขื ืชืžื—ื•ืจ ืฉื™ื™ืžื—ืง ืœื›ื ืืช ื”ื—ื™ื•ืš ืžื”ืคื ื™ื

ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื˜ื’ื™ืจืœ ืฉืœื ื ื“ืœืงื” ืขืœื™ื•, ื•ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ: ื”ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ ืงืœ ืœื™ื™ืฉื•ื, ื•ืžื™ื“ ืžืฉื“ืจื’ ืืช ื”ืœื•ืง ื•ื”ื•ืคืš ืื•ืชื• ืœื—ืžื™ื ื•ืžืชื•ื—ื›ื ื™ื•ืชืจ. ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืจืง ืชืฆื˜ืจื›ื• ืœื”ืชื’ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืžื—ืกื•ื ืžื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืงื˜ื ื˜ืŸ