ืจืืฉื™ ื˜ืจื ื“ื™ื

ื”ืกื•ื“ ื”ื•ื ื‘ื˜ืงืกื˜ื•ืจื”, ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื’ืœื•ื™ ืœืžื“ื™: ืœื ืžืขื˜ ืžืขืฆื‘ื™ื ื•ืžื•ืชื’ื™ ืขืœ ื›ื‘ืจ ื ื“ืœืงื• ืขืœ ื”ืžืจืื” ื”ื™ื•ืงืจืชื™ ื•ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืฉืœ "ืฉื™ืขืจ ืคื•ื ื™" - ืคืจื•ื•ื” ืงืฆืจื”, ื ื•ืงืฉื” ื•ื‘ื•ื”ืงืช - ื•ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืชื™ื”ื ื”ื’ื™ืขื•, ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ื’ื ื”ืื™ื˜ื’ื™ืจืœืก. ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื›ืฉื”ืจืฉืชื•ืช ืžืชื—ื™ืœื•ืช ืœื™ื™ืฉืจ ืงื•, ื–ื• ื”ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ืœืืžืฅ ืืช ื”ื˜ืจื ื“ ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื‘ื’ืจืกืชื• ื”ืกื™ื ืชื˜ื™ืช ื”ื™ื“ื™ื“ื•ืชื™ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ

ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ื—ื•ืจืฃ ื”ืฉืงืจื ื™ ืฉืœื ื•, ื”ืืงืกืกื•ืจื™ื– ื”ืกืจื•ื’ื™ื ื›ื‘ืจ ื ืฉืœืคื• ื‘ื”ืžื•ื ื™ื”ื - ืฆืขื™ืคื™ื, ื›ืคืคื•ืช ื•ื›ื•ื‘ืขื™ื. ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืžื‘ืฉืจ ื”ืคื™ื“ ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ ืขืœ ื“ื•ืžื™ื ื ื˜ื™ื•ืช ืžืคืชื™ืขื” ืœืืœืžื ื˜ ื ื™ืฉืชื™ ืœืžื“ื™, ืฉื”ืชื‘ืœื˜ ื›ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืžืกืœื•ืœื™ื: ื”ืžืฆื ืคื•ืช. ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื•ืช, ื–ื” ื ืฉืžืข ื›ืžื• ื“ื‘ืจ ืžืื•ื“ ืžื•ื–ืจ, ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉื–ื” ื‘ืืžืช ืžื” ืฉื–ื”. ืื‘ืœ ื’ื ืžืžืฉ ื™ืฉ ืœื–ื” ืงื˜ืข

ืื ืขื“ ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื–ื• ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืจืง ืชื—ื•ืฉื”, ืžืจื’ืข ืฉืงื™ื™ื˜ื™ ื”ื•ืœืžืก ื—ืชืžื” ืขืœื™ื• - ื–ื” ืœื’ืžืจื™ ื˜ืจื ื“ ืจืฉืžื™. ื”ืคืืฉื ื™ืกื˜ื•ืช ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœื ืžื•ืืกื•ืช ืœืจื’ืข ื‘ืงืกืžื• ื”ื ื•ืขื– ืฉืœ ื”ืฆื‘ืข ื”ืื“ื•ื, ื•ื”ืคืขื ืžื’ืœื•ืช ืืช ืกื’ื•ืœื•ืชื™ื• ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืžื›ื ืกื™ื™ื. ื”ืจืฉื• ืœื›ื•ื”ื ืช ื”ืกื˜ืจื™ื˜-ืกื˜ื™ื™ืœ ื”ื ื™ื•-ื™ื•ืจืงื™ ืœื”ื“ื’ื™ื

ื‘ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืžืชื’ื‘ืจืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ืจืืœื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ "ื’'ื™ื ืก ื”ื˜ืจื ื™ื ื’" โ€“ ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื›ืœืื™ื™ื ืฉืžืฉืœื‘ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื ืจืื•ืช ืฉืœ ื’'ื™ื ืก ื•ื”ื ื•ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื˜ืจื ื™ื ื’. ื”ื‘ื“ ืจืš ื•ื ืขื™ื, ื”ื’ื–ืจื” ืžื“ื•ื™ืงืช ื•ืžื—ืžื™ืื”, ื•ืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืœื ื™ืฉื™ื ืœื‘ ืฉืืชื ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ื™ื•ื ืฉืœื ื‘ื‘ื’ื“ ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ื”ื™ื” ืœืชืคืงื“ ื’ื ื›ืคื™ื’'ืžื”

ืžืขื™ืœื™ื ื•ื–'ืงื˜ื™ื ืžืคืœื™ื– ืžืชืื™ืžื™ื ืžืื•ื“ ืœื—ื•ืจืฃ ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™, ื•ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื”ื ื’ื ืžืชื™ื™ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ืžืฉื‘ืฆืช ื˜ืจื ื“ื™ืช ืฉื”ื•ืคื›ืช ืื•ืชื ืœื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ืงืฆืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื•ืคื ืชื™ืช. ืขื‘ื™ื, ื“ืงื™ื, ื‘ืžืจืื” ืฉื˜ื— ืื• ืžืขื•ื“ื ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ โ€“ ืจืง ืชื‘ื—ืจื• ืืช ื”ื ื™ืฉื” ืฉื”ื›ื™ ืžื“ื‘ืจืช ืืœื™ื›ื

ื”ืคืจื ื–ื™ื ื—ื•ื–ืจื™ื ื•ื‘ื’ื“ื•ืœ, ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ื’ื™ื‘ื•ื™ ืฉืœ ืžืขืฆื‘ื™-ืขืœ, ืคืืฉื ื™ืกื˜ื•ืช ื•ื’ื ืื™ื˜-ื’ื™ืจืœืก ืžืงื•ืžื™ื•ืช. ืขื ื‘ื•ื”ื• ืฉื™ืง ื›ื™ืคื™ ื•ืงืฆืช ืื“ื’' ืื•ืคื ื•ืขื ื™ - ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ื–ื” ืจืง ื’'ื™ื ืก ื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ื—ื•ืœืฆืช ื˜ื™

ืขื ืขื“ืฉื•ืช ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื•ื ืœื™ื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืœื™ ืžืกืคืจ ื‘ื›ืœืœ - ื”ืคืืฉื ื™ืกื˜ื•ืช ืžืกื›ื™ืžื•ืช ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ื“: ื”ืžืฉืงืคื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื™ื• ืžื™ื• ื”ืŸ ืžืืกื˜. ื”ืžื—ื™ืจ ืืžื ื ืœื ื–ื•ืœ, ืื‘ืœ ื™ืฉ ื›ื‘ืจ ื“ื™ื•ืค ืžื•ืฆืœื— ื‘ืจืฉืช ื”ืื•ืคื ื” ื”ืžื”ื™ืจื”

ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจื” ืคื” ืžืžืฉ ืœื ืฆืคื•ืŸ ืื™ืจื•ืคื”, ืื‘ืœ ื’ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื™ืฉ ื—ืœื•ืŸ ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื‘ื• ื”ืกืจื™ื’ื™ื ื”ื ื•ืจื“ื™ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื™ื™ื. ืขื ืžื•ื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื ืžืกื•ืจืชื™ื™ื, ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ื™ ืฆื‘ืขื™ื ืขื“ื™ื ื™ื ืื• ืงื•ืžื‘ื™ื ืฆื™ื•ืช ื ื•ืขื–ื•ืช โ€“ ืื ืœื’'ื™ื™ ืœื• ื–ื” ื˜ื•ื‘, ืื– ืื ื—ื ื• ืงื•ื ื•ืช

ืžืขื™ืœื™ ื˜ืจื ืฅ' ื”ื ืื™ื“ื™ืืœื™ื™ื ืœืžื–ื’ ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ื”ื’ืจืกืื•ืช ื”ื‘ื ืืœื™ื•ืช ืžืชื‘ืœื˜ ืื—ื“ ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™: ื“ื’ื Clyde ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ืชื’ ืกื–ืืŸ. ืกื™ื™ื ื” ืžื™ืœืจ ื”ื™ื ื ืขืจืช ื”ืคื•ืกื˜ืจ ืฉืœื•, ื•ืื ืชืจืฆื• ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืขื“ ืœืคืชื— ื‘ื™ืชื›ืŸ ื‘ื›ืžื” ืงืœื™ืงื™ื (ื•ื”ื•ืฆืื” ืœื ืงื˜ื ื”)

ื”ืจืฉืช ื‘ื˜ืจืคืช - ืขื ืงื™ืช ื”ืงื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ืช ื•ื•ืœืžืืจื˜ ื”ื•ืฆื™ืื” "ื“ื™ื•ืค" ืœืชื™ืง ื‘ื™ืจืงื™ืŸ ื”ืื™ื™ืงื•ื ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืจืžืก, ื™ืฆื™ืจ ื›ืœืื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœืžื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ืงืจื” ื”ืืงืกืงืœื•ืกื™ื‘ื™ืช ื•ืžืขื•ื– ื”ืฉื•ืคื™ื ื’ ื”ืขืžืžื™. ื”ืคืืฉื ื™ืกื˜ื•ืช ืขืคื• ืขืœ ื”ื ืจืื•ืช ื•ื”ืื™ื›ื•ืช ืฉืœื•, ืื‘ืœ ืœืžืจื‘ื” ื”ืฆืขืจ ื”ื•ื ื›ื‘ืจ ื ืขืœื ืžื”ืžื“ืคื™ื

ื”ื™ื ืœื•ื‘ืฉืช ืื•ืชื” ื‘ืขืงื‘ื™ื•ืช ื›ื‘ืจ ื›ืžื” ืฉื ื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ื”ืขื•ื ื” ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ืช ืžืกืžื ืช ืืช ื”ื”ืชืคื•ืฆืฆื•ืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ืจืืœื™ืช ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืœืฆืช ื”ืจื•ื’ื‘ื™, ืื• ื”ืคื•ืœื• ื”ืžืคื•ืกืคืกืช. ืื—ืจืื™ื ืขืœ ื›ืš ื’ื ืžื•ืชื’ื™ ืขืœ ื›ืžื• ืœื•ืื•ื•ื” ื•ืžื™ื• ืžื™ื•, ืื‘ืœ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื‘ื˜ืจื ื“ ืžื”ืกื•ื’ ืฉื”ื›ื™ ืงืœ ื•ื›ื™ืฃ ืœืžืฆื•ื ื‘ืจืฉืชื•ืช ื”ื ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช. ืืคื™ืœื• ื™ืขืœ ืฉืœื‘ื™ื” ื›ื‘ืจ ื™ื•ื“ืขืช

ื”ื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื•ืจืฃ ื”ื–ื” ืœื ืคื•ืกื— ืขืœ ื”ืคืจื™ื˜ ื”ืžืคืชื— ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ื ื”, ื•ื”ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื ืื™ื“ื™ืืœื™: ืžืขื™ืœ ื˜ืจื ืฅ' ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ ื–ืžืฉ ื”ื ืื•ืœื™ ืœื ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ื”ืžื•ืฉืœืžืช ืœื™ืžื™ื ื’ืฉื•ืžื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ืงืฉื” ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ืคื ื™ ื”ื™ื•ืงืจื” ื”ืžื ืฆื—ืช ืฉืœื”ื. ื”ืคืืฉื ื™ืกื˜ื•ืช ื›ื‘ืจ ืžื–ืžืŸ ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ

ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ืจื™ื” ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื›ื•ืกื•ืช ื”ืฉืชื™ื™ื” ื”ืจื‘-ืคืขืžื™ื•ืช ืœื ืžืชื”, ื”ื™ื ืจืง ืžืชื—ืœืคืช. ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื›ื•ืกื•ืช ื”ืกื˜ื ืœื™ ื”ืžื‘ื•ืงืฉื•ืช ื”ื—ืœื• ืœื”ืชืคื•ืฆืฅ ื•ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืœื”ื™ืžืืก, ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืžืกืชืžื ืช ืื™ื˜-ืงืืค ื—ื“ืฉื”: ื–ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ืชื’ OWALA, ืฉืžื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื” ืขืžื™ื“ื•ืช ืžื•ืฉืœืžืช ื‘ืคื ื™ ื ื–ื™ืœื•ืช ื•ืฉืืจ ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืžืชื’ืžื“ื™ื ืœืขื•ืžืช ื”ื—ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ืืกืชื˜ื™ืช ื”ื›ืœืœื™ืช ืฉืœื”. ืื– ื›ืžื” ื–ื” ืขื•ืœื”?

ืื™ืŸ ื›ืžืขื˜ ืžื•ืชื’ ืฉืœื ืฆื‘ืข ืืช ื”ื‘ืกื˜-ืกืœืจื™ื ืฉืœื• ื‘ื—ื•ื ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื”, ื•ื˜ื•ื‘ ืฉื›ืš. ื”ืกื ื™ืงืจืก ื”ื—ื•ืžื•ืช ืžื™ื™ืฆืจื•ืช ืžืจืื” ืจืš ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื•ื™ื ื˜ื’'ื™ ื•ืžืชื•ื—ื›ื, ืฉืžืชืื™ื ืœืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืขืฆื•ื ืฉืœ ืืื•ื˜ืคื™ื˜ื™ื โ€“ ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ืงืฆืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื ื•ืขื–ืช ืžืฉื—ื•ืจ ืื• ืœื‘ืŸ, ื‘ืœื™ ืœืฉื‘ื•ืจ ืืช ื”ื›ืœื™ื ื•ืœื”ื–ื™ืข ืžืžืืžืฅ

ื”ืงืืžื‘ืง ื”ืžื•ื‘ื”ืง ืฉืœ ืžื’ืžืช ื”ื‘ื•ื”ื•-ืฉื™ืง ืžื‘ื™ื ืื™ืชื• ืœื ืจืง ืฉืžืœื•ืช ื•ื•ืœื ื™ื ืจื•ืžื ื˜ื™ื•ืช, ืืœื ื’ื ืืช ื”ืืงืกืกื•ืจื™ ืฉืžืฉืชืœื‘ ืื™ืชืŸ ื”ื›ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘: ืชื™ืง ื”ืคืจื ื–ื™ื. ืืœื›ืกื” ืฆ'ืื ื’ ื”ื™ื ื”ื”ืฉืจืื” ื”ืื•ืœื˜ื™ืžื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช ืขื ื”ื“ื’ื ื”ื ื—ืฉืง ืฉืœ ื•ืœื ื˜ื™ื ื•, ืื‘ืœ ืœื ื—ืกืจื•ืช ืขื•ื“ ืคืืฉื ื™ืกื˜ื•ืช ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ืžื™ื™ืฉืžื•ืช