ืจืืฉื™ ื˜ืจื ื“ื™ืืื–ืขืงืช ื˜ืจื ื“

ืฉืžืœืช ื”ืื•ืกืงืจ ื”ื•ื•ื™ืจืืœื™ืช ืฉืœ ืืžื” ืกื˜ื•ืŸ ืืžื ื ื”ื“ื’ื™ืฉื” ืืช ื ื•ื›ื—ื•ืชื• ื‘ืจืขืฉ ื’ื“ื•ืœ, ืื‘ืœ ื”ืืžืช ื”ื™ื ืฉื”ืคืคืœื•ื ื–ื•ืžื ืงืืžื‘ืง ื›ื‘ืจ ืชืงื•ืคื”, ื•ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื”ื•ื ืœื’ืžืจื™ ื›ืืŸ - ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื‘ื’ืจืกืื•ืช ืขื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื•ื™ื•ืžื™ื•ืžื™ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ. ืชื•ืกืคืช ื”ื‘ื“ ืฉืžืขื ื™ืงื” ื ืคื— ื‘ืื™ื–ื•ืจ ื”ืžื•ืชื ื™ื™ื ื”ื™ื ืืœืžื ื˜ ืจื•ืžื ื˜ื™ ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœืื”ื•ื‘ ื•ืืคืฉืจ ืœื ืœืกื‘ื•ืœ, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืงืœืืกื™ืงื”

ื”ื˜ืจื ื“ื™ื ื”ื‘ื•ืœื˜ื™ื ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ืžืชื—ืœืงื™ื ื”ืขื•ื ื” ืœืฉืชื™ ืžื’ืžื•ืช ืขืœ: ื”ืกืคื•ืจื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช ื•ื”ื ื•ืกื˜ืœื’ื™ืช, ื›ืฉื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ื”ืžื“ื•ื™ืงืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืชื”ื™ื” ื–ืืช ืฉืžืคื’ื™ืฉื” ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ืŸ. ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืกื•ืฃ, ืžื” ืฉื”ื›ื™ ื›ื™ืฃ ื‘ืœืชื—ื–ืง ืื•ืกืฃ ืฉืœ ืžืฉืงืคื™ ืฉืžืฉ ื”ื™ื ื”ื•ื•ืจืกื˜ื™ืœื™ื•ืช - ืื– ืœื ืฉื›ื—ื ื• ืœืขืจื‘ื‘ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื’ื–ืžื•ืช ื˜ืจื ื“ื™ื•ืช ืœืงืœืืกื™ืงื•ืช ืขืœ-ื–ืžื ื™ื•ืช. ืงื‘ืœื• ืืช ื”ืื•ืคืฆื™ื•ืช ื”ื›ื™ ืฉื•ื•ืช ื‘ื—ื ื•ื™ื•ืช

ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจ ื–ืจื™ื– ื‘ื–ืืจื”, ืฉื ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ืกืคื™ืงื• ืœื”ืฉืชืœื˜ ืขืœ ื”ื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ืžืืชื’ืจ ื•ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืื•ืชื• ืœืงืฆืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื ื’ื™ืฉ. ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืชืฆื˜ืจื›ื• ืœืื–ืŸ ืื•ืชื• ื‘ื—ื•ื›ืžื”, ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืœื’ืžืจื™ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืœืขื•ืฃ ืขืœ ืื•ื•ื™ืจืช ื”ืื™ื™ื˜ื™ื– ื”ืžืฉื•ื“ืจื’ืช ื”ื–ืืช

ืžื•ืชื’ ื”ืชื›ืฉื™ื˜ื™ื "ืจื•ื ื™ืช ื™ื" ื”ื—ืœ ืืช ื“ืจื›ื• ืžืชื•ืš ืืจื’ื– ืงื˜ืŸ ืฉืœ ืืจื˜ื™ืงื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ืฃ ื”ืฆื•ืง. ืจื•ื ื™ืช ืงื•ืคืœ, ืื– ื’ื ื ืช, ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื™ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืžื•ืœ ื”ื™ื ื•ืžืขืฆื‘ืช ื‘ืงื•ื ืกืคื˜ ืฉืœ ื™ื ืขื ื”ืœื•ื’ื• ื”ืžื•ื›ืจ ื‘ืฆื•ืจืช ืกื ืคื™ืจ. ืื– ื”ื™ื ื—ืœืชื”, ื”ื‘ืช ื ื›ื ืกื” ืœืขืกืง ื•ืžืฉื ื”ื›ืœ ื”ืชืคื•ืฆืฅ. ืื ืชื’ื™ืขื• ืœื”ืื ื’ืจ ืฉืœื”ื ืชืฆื˜ืจื›ื• ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ืชื•ืจ ืงืฉื•ื— ืฉืœ ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช ืžื’ื™ืœ 12 ื•ืขื“ ืื™ืŸ ืกื•ืฃ

ื”ื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจื•ืช ืขื•ืœื•ืช ื•ื”ืงื™ืฅ ื›ื‘ืจ ืคื”. ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ื“ ื‘ื˜ื•ื— โ€“ ืื™ืŸ ื›ืžื• ืกื ื™ืงืจืก ืžื’ื ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืืช ืื™ืชืŸ ืืช ื”ืขื•ื ื” ื”ื—ืžื”. ื”ืฆื‘ืขื™ื ืฉื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœืฉืœื•ื˜ ื•ื‘ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื”ื: ื—ื•ื, ื™ืจื•ืง ื–ื™ืช ื•ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ื’ื•ื•ื ื™ ื”ืœื‘ืŸ ื•ื”ืฉืžื ืช. ืื– ืงื—ื• ื’ื ื˜ื™ ืฉื™ืจื˜ ืจื—ื‘ื” ื•ืžื›ื ืกื™ ื˜ืจื ื™ื ื’ ืงืฆืจื™ื ื•ื™ืฆื ืœื›ื ืœื•ืง ืกื•ืคืจ ืงื•ืœ ื•ืกื•ืคืจ ืกื˜ื™ื™ืœ

ืžืฆื“ ืื—ื“ - ื”ื ืขืœื™ื™ื ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืชืงื•ืคื”, ืฉืžื›ื›ื‘ื•ืช ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืื™ื˜ื’ื™ืจืœ ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ืฆื•ืจื”. ืžืฆื“ ืฉื ื™ - ื”ืกื ื™ืงืจืก ื”ื™ืฉื ื•ืช ื•ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื›ื•ืœื ื• ืื•ื”ื‘ื•ืช ืœืื”ื•ื‘. ืชื“ื‘ื™ืงื• ืื•ืชื ื‘ื™ื—ื“, ื•ืžื” ื›ื‘ืจ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืฉืชื‘ืฉ? ื”ืชื•ืฆืื” ื”ื™ื ืกื ื™ืงืจืก ื”ื‘ืœืจื™ื ื”, ื•ื–ื” ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื›ืžื• ืฉื–ื” ื ืฉืžืข

ืชื›ื™ืจื• ืืช ื˜ืื‘ื™, ื”ืชื™ืง ื”ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ืขื•ื ื” ืžื‘ื™ืช ื”ืื•ืคื ื” ืงื•ืืฅ'. ื”ื•ื ืื•ืžื ื ืœื ื”ื›ื™ ื—ื“ืฉ ืื‘ืœ ื’ืจืกืื•ืชื™ื• ื”ืงื™ื™ืฆื•ืช ื”ืคื›ื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื›ื™ ื•ื™ืจืืœื™ ื‘ืจืฉืช ืขื ืžืจืื” 'ืคืืคื™' ื ื•ื›ื— ืฉื ื•ืชืŸ ืœืชื™ืง ื”ืžื•ื›ืจ ื•ื”ืื”ื•ื‘ ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืกื˜ ื—ื“ืฉ ื•ืžืจืขื ืŸ. ืื– ื‘ืื™ื–ื” ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื”ื•ื ืžื’ื™ืข ื•ื›ืžื” ื”ื•ื ืขื•ืœื”?

ื”ื•ื ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื–ืžืŸ, ืื‘ืœ ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื”ื’ื™ืข ื”ืจื’ืข ืฉืœื• ืœื”ื™ืžืจื— ืœื ื• ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืคื™ื“. ื”ื’ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ืคืกื˜ืœื™ ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ืฆื”ื•ื‘ ืœื‘ื–' ื”ื•ื ืืœื˜ืจื ื˜ื™ื‘ื” ืžืจืขื ื ืช ืœืœื‘ืŸ ื”ืžืกื•ืจืชื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ื ื” (ื•ืฉืœ ืขืจื‘ ื”ื—ื’ ื”ื‘ื ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื˜ื•ื‘ื”), ื•ื”ื•ื ื–ื•ืจื— ืขืœ ืกืจื™ื’ื™ื ื“ืงื™ื ื›ืžื• ืขืœ ืืงืกืกื•ืจื™ื– ื ื—ืฉืงื™ื, ืขืœ ื‘ื’ื“ื™ ื™ื ื•ื’ื ืขืœ ื”ืฆื™ืคื•ืจื ื™ื™ื

ืงืฆืช ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืœื‘ื•ืฉ ื”ืŸ ืฉืžืœื•ืช ืงืœื™ืœื•ืช ื•ื—ืฆืื™ื•ืช ืื•ื•ืจื™ืจื™ื•ืช, ื”ื’ื™ืข ื”ืจื’ืข ืœืชืช ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืœืžืงื‘ื™ืœื” ื”ืžื—ื•ื™ื˜ืช ืฉืœื”ืŸ. ืชื—ืฉื‘ื• ืงืœืืกื™ืงื” ืืœื’ื ื˜ื™ืช ื‘ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ื ื™ื ื•ื—ื•ืช ื ื•ื ืฉืœื ื˜ื™ืช. ืชื—ืฉื‘ื• ืคืฉืชืŸ, ืคืกื˜ืœ ื•ื’ื–ืจื•ืช ื ืขื™ืžื•ืช ื•ืžื—ืžื™ืื•ืช. ืชื—ืฉื‘ื• ืขืœ ืžื›ื ืกื™ื™ื ืžื—ื•ื™ื˜ื™ื, ื•ืงื‘ืœื• ืืช ื”ืื•ืคืฆื™ื•ืช ื”ื›ื™ ื™ืคื•ืช ืฉืžืฆืื ื• ื‘ื—ื ื•ื™ื•ืช

ืขื“ ืœื ืžื–ืžืŸ ืขื•ื“ ืกื™ืคืจื• ืœื ื• ืฉื–ื” ื—ืœืง ืžืืกืชื˜ื™ืงืช "ืืฉืช ื”ืžืืคื™ื”", ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืขืœ ืžื” ื‘ืืžืช ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื›ืืŸ: ื”ืจื ืกื ืก ื”ืžื ื•ืžืจ ื‘ื“ืจืš ืืœื™ื ื• ื‘ืฉืื’ื•ืช ืขื ืง, ื•ืœื ืขื•ืžื“ ืœืฉื—ืจืจ ื‘ืขื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช. ืžืฆืื ื• ืืช ื”ืื•ืคืฆื™ื•ืช ื”ื›ื™ ืœื•ื”ื˜ื•ืช ื‘ื—ื ื•ื™ื•ืช

ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ื–ื” ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉื–ื• ืœื ืขื•ื“ ื›ื•ืชืจืช ืžืคื•ืฆืฆืช ื•ื—ื•ืœืคืช: ืชื™ืง ื”"ืžืจื’ื•" ืฉืœ ื“ื” ืจื•ืื•, ื”ืžื•ืชื’ ื”ืื•ืœื˜ืจื”-ื ื—ืฉืง ืฉืœ ื”ืื—ื™ื•ืช ืื•ืœืกืŸ, ืžืกืชืžืŸ ื›ืืœื˜ืจื ื˜ื™ื‘ื” ืืžื™ืชื™ืช ื•ืขื™ืงืฉืช ืœื‘ื™ืจืงื™ืŸ ื”ืงืœืืกื™, ื•ืžื‘ื˜ื ืืช ืฉื™ืื” ืฉืœ ืžื’ืžืช ื”ื™ื•ืงืจื” ื”ืฉืงื˜ื”. ืœืžื™ ื›ื‘ืจ ื™ืฉ, ืื™ืš ื–ื” ื ืจืื” ื•ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ - ื›ืžื” ื–ื” ืขื•ืœื”?

ื”ืŸ ืœื ืจืง ืขื•ืœื•ืช ืคื™ ืขืฉืจื” ืžื›ืœ ื“ื’ื ืžืžื•ืฆืข, ืืœื ื’ื ืœื ื ืฉืืจื•ืช ื‘ืžืœืื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื›ืžื” ื“ืงื•ืช. ืœื ืžืคืชื™ืข ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“, ื‘ื”ืชื—ืฉื‘ ื‘ื›ืš ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ื”ืคืขื•ืœื” ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื•ืชื’ ื”ืขืœ ื”ืœื•ื”ื˜ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื•ืชื’ ื”ืกืคื•ืจื˜ ื”ื•ื•ืชื™ืง ื•ื”ืื”ื•ื‘. ื”ื–ืžืฉ, ื’ื•ื•ื ื™ ื”ื—ื•ื, ื”ืฉืจื•ื›ื™ื ื”ืฆื‘ืขื•ื ื™ื™ื - ื›ื•ืœื ืžื‘ืฉืจื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื˜ืจื ื“ื™ื ื”ื‘ื•ืœื˜ื™ื ื‘ืชื—ื•ื

ื”ืืžืช ื”ื™ื ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื” ืงืฉื” ืœืจืื•ืช ืื•ืชื ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื: ืืกืชื˜ื™ืงืช ื”ืžื•ื ื•ื›ืจื•ื, ื˜ืจื ื“ ื”"ืงื•ืจืคื•ืจื™ื™ื˜-ืงื•ืจ" ื•ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ืœืจืขื ืŸ ืงืฆืช ืืช ื”ืงืœืืกื™ืงื” ื”ื›ื—ื•ืœื” - ื›ื•ืœื ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื™ื ืœื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืื™ื˜ื’ื™ืจืœืก ื‘ื’'ื™ื ืกื™ื ืืคื•ืจื™ื. ื›ืš ืชืœื‘ืฉื• ืื•ืชื ื‘ืกื˜ื™ื™ืœ ื ื•ื ืฉืœื ื˜ื™ ืžื•ืฉืœื

ื ืขืœื™ ื”ื‘ืœืจื™ื ื” ืฉืœ ืืœืื™ื” ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื“ืœ ื—ื™ืงื•ื™ ื•ื”ืฉืจืื” ืœื‘ืชื™ ืื•ืคื ื” ื•ืจืฉืชื•ืช, ื•ืืœื” ื ืฉื˜ืคื• ื‘ื ืขืœื™ื™ื ื”ืฉื˜ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ืื”ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื•ื”ื ื•ื—ื•ืช โ€“ ืื‘ืœ ื”ืคืขื ื‘ืขื™ื˜ื•ืจ ื ื™ื˜ื™ื ื›ืกื•ืคื™ื ืฉืฉื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจื” ื”ืžืชืงืชืงื”. ื‘ื•ืœ ืœืงืจืืช ื”ืื‘ื™ื‘

ื‘ื›ืœ ืคืขื ืฉืงืฆืช ืžืชื—ืžื, ื’ื–ืจืช ื”ืื•ืฃ-ืฉื•ืœื“ืจ ืžืงื‘ืœืช ืฉื•ื‘ ืืช ืงื“ืžืช ื”ื‘ืžื”. ื”ืฉื ื” ื”ื™ื ืžื’ื™ืขื” ืขื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืกื˜ ืจื•ืžื ื˜ื™ ื•ืจืš, ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืืฆืœ ืžืขืฆื‘ื™ ื”ืขืœ ื•ืจืฉืชื•ืช ื”ืื•ืคื ื”. ืžืฆืื ื• ืืช ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื›ื™ ื™ืคื•ืช ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืœืืจื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื โ€“ ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื›ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ืœื’ืžืจื™ ื ืžืืก ืžืžืœืชื—ืช ื”ื—ื•ืจืฃ ื”ืžื›ื‘ื™ื“ื”