ืจืืฉื™ ื ื• ืคื™ืœื˜ืจ

ื™ื•ืฆืจืช ื”ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื•ืขื ืงื™ืช ื”ื˜ื™ืงื˜ื•ืง ืœื™ืื•ืจ ืžืืจืก ืžื‘ื™ืื” ืื™ืชื” ืžืฉื‘ ืจื•ื— ืžืจืขื ืŸ ืฉืœ ื›ื ื•ืช, ื›ื™ืฉืจื•ืŸ ื•ืกื˜ื™ื™ืœ ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™. ื™ืฉื‘ื ื• ืœื‘ืจืจ ืื™ืชื” ืžืื™ืคื” ืžื’ื™ืขื” ื”ื”ืฉืจืื” ื”ืื•ืคื ืชื™ืช ืฉืœื”, ืื™ื–ื” ื—ืœืง ื”ื›ื™ ืงืฉื” ืœื” ื‘ื—ืฉื™ืคื”, ื‘ืœื™ ืื™ื–ื” ืžื•ืฆืจ ื”ื™ื ืœื ื™ื•ืฆืืช ืžื”ื‘ื™ืช ื•ืื™ื–ื” ืคืจื™ื˜ ื”ื™ื ื—ื•ืœืžืช ืœืฆืจืฃ ืœืžืœืชื—ื” ืฉืœื”

ื”ื“ืจ ืฉื™ืจื™ ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ืžื” ื”ืกื•ื“ ืœืœื•ืง ืžื•ืฆืœื— ("ืงื•ื“ื ื›ืœ ืฉื”ืขื•ืจ ื•ื”ืฉื™ืขืจ ื™ื™ืจืื• ื˜ื•ื‘"), ืžืื–ื ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืจืื•ืช ืกืคื•ืจื˜ ืžืชื•ืงืชืงื™ื ืœืืกืชื˜ื™ืงืช ืื“ื ืกื ื“ืœืจ, ืœืขื•ืœื ืœื ืชื–ืจื•ืง ืืฃ ืคืจื™ื˜ ืžื™ื•ื–ืžืชื” ื•ื’ื ืœื ืชื’ืœื” ืžื” ื”ืคื™ืก ื”ื›ื™ ื™ืงืจ ื‘ืืจื•ืŸ ืฉืœื” ("ืขื–ื‘ื• ืื•ืชื™ ืžื”ืขื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื›ื•ืœื"). ืจื’ืข ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืคืกืงืช ื”ืืฉ ื™ืฉื‘ื ื• ืื™ืชื” ืœืจืื™ื•ืŸ ืœืœื ืคื™ืœื˜ืจื™ื

ื”ื™ื ืžืœื›ืช ื”ืงืจื•ืค-ื˜ื•ืค, ื•ืžื•ื›ื™ื—ื” ื’ื ืฉืžืฉืงืคื™ื™ื ื”ื ืชืžื™ื“ ื”ืืงืกืกื•ืจื™ ื”ืื•ืœื˜ื™ืžื˜ื™ื‘ื™. ื”ื™ื ืœื ืื•ืžืจืช "ืœืขื•ืœื ืœื" ืขืœ ืฉื•ื ื˜ืจื ื“, ืœื ืžืกืชื™ืจื” ืืช ื”ื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ื”ืคืœืกื˜ื™ื™ื ืฉืขืฉืชื” ื•ืœื ืžืกื•ื’ืœืช ืœื–ื™ื™ืฃ ื—ื™ื•ืš ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื”ืื™ื ืกื˜ื’ืจื. ืชืคืกื ื• ืืช ืžืฉืคื™ืขื ื™ืช ื”ืื•ืคื ื” ื“ื ื™ืืœื” ืื™ื™ืคื ื‘ืจื’ ืœืจืื™ื•ืŸ ืœืœื ืคื™ืœื˜ืจื™ื

ื”ื™ื ื—ื•ืœืžืช ืขืœ ืชื™ืง ืžืื•ื“ ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™, ื•ืžืชื›ื•ื•ื ืช ืœื”ื•ืจื™ืฉ ืื•ืชื• ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื” ื”ืขืชื™ื“ื™ื™ื. ื”ื™ื ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ื‘ืœื™ ื—ืฆืื™ื•ืช ืžื™ื ื™, ื•ืืช ื”ืคืจื™ื˜ ืฉื”ื™ื ื”ื›ื™ ื—ื•ืจืฉืช ืขืœื™ื• ืงื ืชื” ื‘ื—ืžื™ืฉื” ื™ื•ืจื•. ื”ื™ื ืžืชื—ื–ืงืช ืื•ืกืฃ ืฉืœ ื›-50 ื‘ืฉืžื™ื, ืคืจื ื–ื˜ื•ืจื™ืช ื’ืื” ืฉืœ ืกื‘ื•ืงืœื, ื•ืคืขื ืขืœื” ืœื” ื”ืคื•ื ื™ ื‘ืืฉ. ื”ื™ื ืœื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืฉืคื™ืขื ื™ืช ื–ื• ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืงืฉื”, ืื‘ืœ ืื•ืžืจืช ืฉืžื—ื™ืจ ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช ื›ื‘ื“. ืงื™ื™ืกื™ ื–ืคื˜ื” ื‘ืจืื™ื•ืŸ ืœืœื ืคื™ืœื˜ืจื™ื

ืื™ืš ืžืชืœื‘ืฉื™ื ื‘ืกื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืขื ืฉื ื™ ื ื™ื• ื‘ื•ืจื ืก, ืื™ื–ื” ืคืจื™ื˜ ื”ื™ื ื—ื•ืœืžืช ืœืงื ื•ืช, ืžื” ื”ืกื•ื“ ืฉืœื” ืœืขื•ืจ ืคื ื™ื ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ืžื” ื”ื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ืœื ืชืœื‘ืฉ? ืจืื™ื•ืŸ ืœืœื ืคื™ืœื˜ืจื™ื ืขื ืฉื™ืจืœื™ ื‘ื•ื’ื ื™ื, ืกื•ืคืจืžื•ื“ืœ ืœื ืฆื— ื•ืืžื ื˜ืจื™ื™ื”

ืžื” ื”ื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ืœื ืชืœื‘ืฉ (ืคืื™ื™ื˜ื™ื, ื‘ืœื™ ื ื“ืจ), ืื™ืคื” ื”ื™ื ืื•ื”ื‘ืช ืœืงื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื ืฉืœื” (ืžื”ื‘ื™ืช), ื›ืžื” ื–ืžืŸ ืœื•ืงื— ืœื” ืœื”ืชืืจื’ืŸ ("ืื ื™ ื”ื›ื™ ืžื”ื™ืจื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื") ื•ืžื™ ืžืกืคืงืช ืœื” ื”ืฉืจืื” ืื•ืคื ืชื™ืช (ืื—ืช ื”ื ืฉื™ื ื”ืœื•ื”ื˜ื•ืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื). ืœื™ื”ื™ ืคืจื•ื™ื“ ื‘ืจืื™ื•ืŸ ืœืœื ืคื™ืœื˜ืจื™ื

ื‘ื’ื™ืœ 26 ืกื™ื ื“ื™ ืฆ'ืื“ื™ ื”ื™ื ืžืฉืคื™ืขื ื™ืช, ื“ื•ื’ืžื ื™ืช ื•ื‘ืขืœืช ืขืกืง ืžืฉื’ืฉื’ ืœื”ืœื‘ื ืช ืฉื™ื ื™ื™ื. ืœืฆื“ ื›ืœ ื”ืื•ืคื ื” ื•ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ื—, ืฆ'ืื“ื™ ืžืื“ ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจืช ืœืฆื“ ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ ื“ืชื™ ื•ื‘ืขืœืช ืืžื•ื ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื”. ืื™ืš ื–ื” ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืœื” ื‘ื™ื—ื“? ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืขื•ื‘ื“. ื”ื™ื ืžืฉื•ื’ืขืช ืขืœ ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ืžืฉืชื“ืœืช ืœื”ืชืœื‘ืฉ ื‘ืฆื ื™ืขื•ืช. ื”ื™ื ืžื•ืฉืคืขืช ืžื‘ืœื•ื’ืจื™ื•ืช ืžื—ื•ืœ ืื‘ืœ ื’ื ืžื”ืจื‘ ื™ื’ืืœ ื›ื”ืŸ. ื•ืื™ืš ืืคืฉืจ ื‘ืœื™ ื˜ื™ืค ื˜ื™ืคื•ื— ืฉื›ื•ืœืœ ื‘ืชื•ื›ื• ืžืกืงืจื” ืื“ื•ืžื”

ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื ื—ื™ื”, ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืชื•ื›ืŸ ืœืจืฉืชื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื•ืช ื•ื—ื–ืจื•ืช ืœื”ืฆื’ืช ืคืกื— - ื™ืจื“ืŸ ื”ืจืืœ ืžืฆืื” ืืช ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืœืขื ื•ืช ืœื ื• ืขืœ ื›ืžื” ืฉืืœื•ืช ื‘ื•ืขืจื•ืช. ืื– ืžื” ื”ื™ื ืืฃ ืคืขื ืœื ืชืœื‘ืฉ, ืขืœ ืื™ื–ื” ื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื™ื ื—ื•ืจืฉืช ื›ืจื’ืข ื•ืžื” ื˜ืจื™ืง ื”ืฉื™ืขืจ ืฉืขื•ืฉื” ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื” ืืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”? ืจืื™ื•ืŸ ืœืœื ืคื™ืœื˜ืจื™ื

ืขืœ ืื™ื–ื” ื‘ื’ื“ ื”ื™ื ื”ื›ื™ ื—ื•ืจืฉืช, ืžื” ื“ืขืชื” ืขืœ ืจื™ื˜ื•ืฉ ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช, ืื™ื–ื• ืคื“ื™ื—ื” ืœื ืžืคืกื™ืงื” ืœืงืจื•ืช ืœื” ื•ืื™ืคื” ื”ื™ื ืขื•ืฉื” ืืช ื”ืงื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื›ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช? ืจืื™ื•ืŸ ืœืœื ืคื™ืœื˜ืจื™ื ืขื ืืชื™ ืงื•ื‘ื•

ืœื™ื”ื™ ื˜ื•ืœื“ื ื• ืขืคื” ืขืœ ืœื•ืงื™ื ืฉืžืฉืœื‘ื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืคืจื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ื‘ืจื™ื™ื ืœื ืฉื™ื™ื, ื—ื•ืœืžืช ืขืœ ื‘ืœื ืกื™ืื’ื” ืื‘ืœ ืžืฉืงื™ืขื” ื‘ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ื’', ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื•ืžื“ืช ืœืื”ื•ื‘ ืืช ื”ืจื’ืœื™ื™ื ืฉืœื” ื•ืœื ืฉื•ื›ื—ืช ืืช ื”ืœื•ืง ืฉื”ืจืฉืช ืคื—ื•ืช ืื”ื‘ื”. ื•ื›ืŸ, ื”ื™ื ืžื“ื‘ืจืช ื’ื ืขืœ ืกื•ื“ ื”ืชืœืชืœื™ื ื”ืžื•ืฉืœืžื™ื ืฉืœื”. ืจืื™ื•ืŸ ืœืœื ืคื™ืœื˜ืจื™ื

ืžื™ืฉืœ ื’ืจืฆื™ื’ ื”ื™ื ืื—ืช ื”ื“ื•ื’ืžื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ืชืจ ื™ืคื•ืช ื•ืžืจืฉื™ืžื•ืช ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื•, ื‘ืจืื™ื•ืŸ ื›ื ื” ื•ืืžื™ืชื™ ื”ื™ื ืžืกืคืจืช ืขืœ ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืกืคืจ ืฉืฆื—ืงื• ืขืœื™ื” ื•ืงืจืื• ืœื” ื’'ื™ืจืคื”, ืœืžื” ืœื“ืขืชื” ื–ื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืขืœื•ืช ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ืขื ืกื™ืžื ื™ ืžืชื™ื—ื” ื•ื‘ืื™ื–ื” ื˜ืจื™ืง ื”ื™ื ืžืฉืชืžืฉืชื›ื“ื™ ืœื ืœืคื’ื•ืข ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื” ื›ืฉื”ื™ื ืขื•ืฉื” ืœืง ื’'ืœ

ื‘ืจ ื ื•ืขื” ื›ื”ืŸ ื˜ืขื˜ื™ ื”ื™ื ืื—ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื™ืขื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื—ื–ืงื•ืช ื‘ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื–ืืช ื”ื™ื ื’ื ืื—ืช ื”ื›ื ื•ืช, ื”ืžืฆื—ื™ืงื•ืช ื•ื”ืœื ืžืคื•ืœื˜ืจื•ืช ืฉื™ืฉ. ื‘ืจืื™ื•ืŸ ื›ื ื” ื•ืืžื™ืชื™ ื”ื™ื ืžืกืคืจืช ืขืœ ื ื™ืชื•ื— ื”ื’ื“ืœืช ื—ื–ื” (ื•ืื– ื”ืงื˜ื ื”) ืฉืขื‘ืจื”, ืžื” ื”ื™ื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืขืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืžืจื˜ืฉื™ื ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ื•ืœืžื” ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื”ื™ื ืžืฉืชื“ืœืช ืœื”ืชืœื‘ืฉ ืฆื ื•ืข, ื”ื™ื ื›ืŸ ืชืœืš ืขื ื—ื•ืœืฆื•ืช ื‘ื˜ืŸ. ื•ืœื, ืื™ืŸ ืœื” ืฉื•ื ื‘ืขื™ื” ืฉืชืงืจืื• ืœื” ืžื•ื›ืจื ื™ืช ืื• ืงื•ื“ ืงื•ืคื•ืŸ

ืขื ืชืœื‘ื•ืฉื•ืช ืฉืœื ืžื‘ื™ื™ืฉื•ืช ืืฃ ื“ื™ื•ื•ืช ืื™ืจื•ื•ื™ื–ื™ื•ืŸ ื•ืงื•ืœ ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™, ื•ืืœืจื™ ื—ืžืืชื™ ื›ื•ื‘ืฉืช ืืช ื”ื‘ืžื” ืฉืœ "ื”ื›ื•ื›ื‘ ื”ื‘ื" ื‘ื›ืœ ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืžื—ื“ืฉ. ื”ื™ื ืžืชื” ืขืœ ื”ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื’ื“ื™ ืžืขืฆื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืคื ื” ืžื”ื™ืจื”, ืฉื•ืื‘ืช ื”ืฉืจืื” ืžืงื™ื ืงืจื“ืฉื™ืืŸ ื•ื‘ื™ื•ื ืกื”, ื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ โ€“ ืžืชืžื•ื“ื“ืช ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืขื ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื“ื™ืžื•ื™ ื’ื•ืฃ

ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ืœื“ื” ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ืื‘ืœ ื’ื ืคืืฉื ื™ืกื˜ื” ืžืœืืช ืื“ื’', ืžืœื›ืช ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืืžื ื‘ืขืฆืžื”, ืฉื—ืงื ื™ืช, ื–ืžืจืช ื•ืคืจื–ื ื˜ื•ืจื™ืช ืฉื”ืคื›ื” ืกืžืœ ืœื”ืœื‘ืฉื” ื›ื™ืคื™ืช ื•ื ื™ื ื•ื—ื”. ืืœื™ืื ื” ืชื“ื”ืจ ื‘ืจืื™ื•ืŸ ืœืœื ืคื™ืœื˜ืจื™ื

ื™ื•ื‘ืœ ืจืคืืœ ื”ื™ื ืื—ืช ื”ืžืชืžื•ื“ื“ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื•ืœื˜ื•ืช ื‘ืขื•ื ื” ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ืช ืฉืœ "ื”ื›ื•ื›ื‘ ื”ื‘ื". ื›ืขืช ื”ื™ื ืžืฉืชืคืช ืขืœ ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืœื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืฉืขื‘ืจื” ืขื“ ืฉื”ืจื’ื™ืฉื” ื‘ื ื•ื— ืขื ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ืฉืœื”, ื”ื—ืœื•ื ืœืขืžื•ื“ ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืžื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ืื™ืจื•ืคื” ืขื ืœื•ืง ืฉื™ืฉื“ืจ ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืืช ืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ืฆื™ื’ ืœืขื•ืœื - ื•ื’ื ื‘ืื™ื–ื” ื‘ื’ื“ ืื™ืŸ ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ ืฉืชืจืื• ืื•ืชื”?