ืจืืฉื™ ื ื• ืคื™ืœื˜ืจ

ืœืžืจื•ืช ื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ืœื™ ืžื ื—ื ืžื ืกื” ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ืฉื’ืจื”, ื•ื‘ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื”ืื™ื ืกื˜ื’ืจื ืฉืœื” ืืคืฉืจ ืœืžืฆื•ื ืื™ื–ื•ืŸ ื•ืžืขื˜ ืืกืงืคื™ื–ื ืžื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•. ืื™ืคื” ื”ื™ื ื”ื›ื™ ืื•ื”ื‘ืช ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืงื ื™ื•ืช, ืžื” ื”ืกื•ื“ ืœืฉื™ืขืจ ื”ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืœื” ื•ืื™ื–ื” ืคืจื™ื˜ ื”ื™ื ืœื ืชื–ืจื•ืง ืœืขื•ืœื? ื™ืฉื‘ื ื• ืื™ืชื” ืœืจืื™ื•ืŸ ืœืœื ืคื™ืœื˜ืจื™ื

ืื™ืš ื”ื™ื ืžืฆืœื™ื—ื” ืœื”ืจื™ื ืœืขืฆืžื” ืืช ืžืฆื‘ ื”ืจื•ื—, ืื™ื–ื” ืชื™ืง ืžืžื•ืชื’ ื”ื™ื ื—ื•ืœืžืช ืœืงื ื•ืช, ืžืชื™ ื”ืกืงืจื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžืขืจื™ืฆื™ื ื”ื•ืคื›ืช ืœืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืขื™ืง, ืžื” ื”ื™ื ืžืกืคืจืช ืขืœ ื”ื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ื”ืงื•ืกืžื˜ื™ื™ื ืฉืขื‘ืจื”, ืžื” ื˜ื™ืค ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ื— ืฉื”ื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืœื—ืœื•ืง ื•ืžื™ ื”ื”ืฉืจืื” ื”ืื•ืคื ืชื™ืช ืฉืœื” (ืกืคื•ื™ืœืจ - "ืื ื™"): ืื•ืจื™ืืŸ ืกืคื™ื‘ืง ืžืฉืชืคืช ื‘ืœื™ ืคื™ืœื˜ืจื™ื, ื•ืื ืืชื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ืขื•ืงื‘ื™ื - ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืงืจื™ืืช ื”ืฉื›ืžื” ื“ื—ื•ืคื”

ื›ืžื• ืžืฉืคื™ืขื ื™ื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช, ื’ื ื ืขืžื” ืžื ืฉื” ื”ืชื’ื™ื™ืกื” ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืช ื”ืกื‘ืจื” ื•ื—ื™ื–ื•ืง โ€“ ื•ืจืชืžื” ืืช ื”ืคื™ื“ ืฉืœื” ืœืžื˜ืจื”. ื‘ื™ืจืจื ื• ืื™ืš ื”ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช ืฉื•ืื‘ืช ื”ืฉืจืื” ืื•ืคื ืชื™ืช ื’ื ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ืช, ืื™ืš ื ืจืื™ืช ืฉื’ืจืช ื”ื‘ื™ื•ื˜ื™ ืฉืœื” ื•ืื™ื–ื• ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื’ื•ืคื ื™ืช ืžืจื™ืžื” ืื•ืชื”

ืฉืžื” ืฉืœ ืœื™ื” ื ื’ื” ืขืœื” ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืœื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ืคืœื™ื ื’ ืขื ื›ื•ื›ื‘ "ื™ื•ืžื ื™ ื”ืขืจืคื“" ื ืช'ื ื™ืืœ ื‘ื•ื–ื•ืœื™ืง, ืื‘ืœ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืื™ื˜-ื’ื™ืจืœ ืžืกืงืจื ืช ื‘ืคื ื™ ืขืฆืžื”, ืขื ืกื’ื ื•ืŸ ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ ืฉื”ืงื• ื”ืžื ื—ื” ืฉืœื• ื‘ืจื•ืจ - ื”ื™ื ื’ื•ืจืžืช ืœื”ื›ืœ ืœื”ื™ืจืื•ืช ืžื’ื” ืกืงืกื™. ื‘ื™ืจืจื ื• ืžืื™ืคื” ืžื’ื™ืขื” ื”ื”ืฉืจืื” ื”ืื•ืคื ืชื™ืช ืฉืœื” ื•ืื™ื–ื” ื˜ื™ืค ื˜ื™ืคื•ื— ื”ื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืœื—ืœื•ืง

ืขืœ ืื™ื–ื” ืคืจื™ื˜ ื”ื™ื ื—ื•ืจืฉืช, ืœืžื” ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ืœืช ื—ื–ื” ื•ื‘ื•ื˜ื•ืงืก ื‘ืฉืคืชื™ื™ื, ื›ืžื” ื”ื™ื ืžื‘ื–ื‘ื–ืช ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื•ืžื” ื”ื›ื™ ืžืจื’ืฉ ืื•ืชื” ื‘ืชื”ื™ืœื” ื”ื˜ืจื™ื™ื”: ืชืคืกื ื• ืืช ืกืคื™ืจ ื‘ื•ืจื’ื™ืœ ืœืจืื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืœื™ ืคื™ืœื˜ืจื™ื

ื—ื•ืจืฉืช ืขืœ ื’'ื™ื ืก ืฉืœ ื–ืืจื”, ื—ื•ืœืžืช ืขืœ ืชื™ืงื™ื ืื‘ืœ ืžืขื“ื™ืคื” ื™ื“ ืฉื ื™ื™ื”, ืชืžื™ื“ ืชื ืขืœ ืกื ื™ืงืจืก ื•ืœื ืžืืžื™ื ื” ืฉื ื”ืจืกื” ืœื” ื”ืฉืžืœื” ื”ื™ืงืจื” ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื’ื™ื”ื•ืฅ. ืขื™ื ื‘ ื›ืคื™ืจ, ื”ืžื•ืจื” ืขื ื”ื—ื™ื•ืš ื”ืžืžื™ืก ืฉื›ื‘ืฉื” ืืช ืœื™ื‘ื ื• (ื•ืืช ืœื™ื‘ื• ืฉืœ ืจื–) ืขื•ื ื” ืขืœ ื”ืฉืืœื•ืช ื”ื›ื™ ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ื•ืช ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ืจืื™ื•ืŸ ืœืœื ื˜ื™ืคืช ืคื™ืœื˜ืจ

ืžื” ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืงืจื” ื‘ืคื“ื™ื—ืช ื”ืœื‘ื•ืฉ ืฉืœื”, ืขืœ ืื™ื–ื” ื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื™ื ื—ื•ืจืฉืช, ืžื”ื• ืชื›ืฉื™ื˜ ื”ื—ืœื•ืžื•ืช ืฉืœื”, ืœืžื” ื”ื™ื ืžืคื—ื“ืช ืฉื™ืžืฆืื• ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœื” ืžื”ืฆื‘ื, ืขื ืื™ื–ื” ื—ืœืง ื‘ื’ื•ืคื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ืฉืœื™ื, ืื™ืœื• ื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ืงื•ืกืžื˜ื™ื™ื ืขื‘ืจื” ื•ืžื”ื• ื”ืžื™ื™ืงืืค ืฉืฉื™ื ื” ืœื” ืืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื? ื™ื•ืื ื” ื‘ื•ื™ื‘, ืฉื›ื•ื‘ืฉืช ืืช ื”ืžืกืš ื•ืืช ื”ืœื‘ ืฉืœ ืชื•ืžืจ ื‘"ื—ืชื•ื ื” ืžืžื‘ื˜ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ", ืขื•ื ื” ืœื ื• ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืฉืืœื•ืช ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช

ืœื™ ืืœื•ืŸ ืžื—ืœืงืช ืืช ื–ืžื ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืœื•ืก ืื ื’'ืœืก ืฉื ื”ื™ื ื’ืจื” ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื”ื™ื ืžืฉืคื™ืขื ื™ืช ืื™ื ืกื˜ื’ืจื ืขื ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืืœืคื™ ืขื•ืงื‘ื™ื ืฉืฉื•ืžืขื™ื ืžืžื ื” ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื”ื›ื™ ื›ื ื” ื•ื”ื›ื™ ืืžื™ืชื™ืช ืขืœ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื›ื‘ืœื•ื’ืจื™ืช ืื•ืคื ื” ื•ื˜ื™ืคื•ื—, ืื™ืžื ื•ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช ืฉื—ื™ื” ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘. ื‘ืจืื™ื•ืŸ ืžืจืขื ืŸ ื•ื›ื™ืคื™ ื”ื™ื ืžืกืคืจืช ืขืœ ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ื ื”ืงื•ืกืžื˜ื™ื ืฉืขื‘ืจื”, ืื™ืš ื”ื™ื ืžืชืžื•ื“ื“ืช ืขื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื ืœื ืื•ื”ื‘ืช ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ ืฉืœื” ื•ืžื’ืœื” ืื™ืš ื”ืขื•ืจ ืฉืœื” ืชืžื™ื“ ืžืœื ื’ืœื•ืื•. ื ื• ืคื™ืœื˜ืจ ืฉืคืืŸ ืœื• ื‘ืžืงืกื™ืžื•ื

ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ืคืจืง ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœ "ื—ืชื•ื ื” ืžืžื‘ื˜ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ" ื‘ื• ื”ื•ืคื™ืขื” ืจื•ืชื ืคื™ื™ื ื‘ืจื’ ื”ื™ื ื”ื•ื’ื“ืจื” ื›ื›ืœื” ื”ื›ื™ ื™ืคื” ื‘ืชื•ืœื“ื•ืช ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช. ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื”ื›ืจื ื• ื“ืžื•ืช ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ืช, ืื™ื ื˜ื™ืœื™ื’ื ื˜ื™ืช ื•ืžืœืืช ื›ืจื™ื–ืžื” ื•ืกื˜ื™ื™ืœ. ื’ื™ืœื™ื ื• ืžื” ื˜ื™ืค ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ื— ื”ืžื ืฆื— ืฉืœื”, ื‘ืื™ื–ื” ื‘ื•ืฉื ื”ื™ื ืžืฉืชืžืฉืช ื•ืžื” ื”ื™ื ืœืขื•ืœื ืœื ืชืœื‘ืฉ

ืจื’ืข ืื—ืจื™ ืฉืกื™ืคืจื” ืœืขื•ืœื ืฉื”ื™ื ื‘ื”ืจื™ื•ืŸ, ื™ืฉื‘ื ื• ืขื ื ื˜ืข ืืœื—ืžื™ืกื˜ืจ ืœืจืื™ื•ืŸ ืœืœื ืคื™ืœื˜ืจื™ื ื•ื’ื™ืœื™ื ื• ืžื” ื”ื™ื ื”ื›ื™ ืื•ื”ื‘ืช ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ ืฉืœื”, ื‘ืื™ื–ื” ื‘ื•ืฉื ื”ื™ื ืžืฉืชืžืฉืช ื•ื‘ืœื™ ืื™ื–ื” ืžื•ืฆืจ ื”ื™ื ืœื ื™ื•ืฆืืช ืžื”ื‘ื™ืช

ื‘ื™ืจืจื ื• ืขื ื˜ืœื™ื” ืกื•ืœ ืื™ืคื” ื”ื™ื ืขื•ืฉื” ืฉื•ืคื™ื ื’, ืื™ื–ื” ืคืจื™ื˜ ืœืขื•ืœื ืœื ืชื–ืจื•ืง (ื•ื›ืžื” ืจื—ื•ืง ื”ื™ื ื”ืœื›ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฆื™ืœ ืื•ืชื•), ืื—ืจื™ ืžื™ ื”ื™ื ื ื”ื ื™ืช ืœืขืงื•ื‘ ื‘ืื™ื ืกื˜ื’ืจื ื•ื”ื›ื™ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ โ€“ ืžื”ื™ ืฉื’ืจืช ื˜ื™ืคื•ื— ื”ืฉื™ืขืจ ืฉืœื”

ื”ื™ื ืžื›ื•ืจื” ืœื ืขืœื™ื™ื ื™ืงืจื•ืช ืื‘ืœ ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ืœืฉืœื‘ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื’ื‘ื•ื” ืœื ืžื•ืš, ืžืขื“ื™ืคื” ืœื”ื™ืžื ืข ืžื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื“ื™ ื‘ื“, ืœื ืžืชื‘ื™ื™ืฉืช ืœืคืจื˜ ืื™ื–ื” ื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ืขืฉืชื” ื•ืœืžื” ื•ืžืชื—ื ื ืช ืฉืœื ืชืžืขื™ื˜ื• ื‘ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืคื“ื™ืงื•ืจ. ืžืขืฆื‘ืช ื”ืื•ืคื ื” ื•ื™ื•ืฆืจืช ื”ืชื•ื›ืŸ ืžืขื™ืŸ ืžื™ืœืก ื‘ืจืื™ื•ืŸ ื ื˜ื•ืœ ืคื™ืœื˜ืจื™ื

ื”ื™ื ืžื’ื“ื™ืจื” ืืช ืขืฆืžื” ื›ื‘ื—ื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ืงืจื•ืงืก ื•ื’ื•ืคื™ื•ืช, ืื•ื”ื‘ืช ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืฉื•ืคื™ื ื’ ืงืจื•ื‘ ืœื‘ื™ืช, ืžืชืืจื’ื ืช ืœื™ืฆื™ืื” ืชื•ืš 15 ื“ืงื•ืช ื•ืœื ืžื•ื•ืชืจืช ืขืœ ืชื™ืงื™ื ืžืœืื™ ืกื˜ื™ื™ืœ. ืฉืจื™ืช ืคื•ืœืง ื‘ืจืื™ื•ืŸ ืœืœื ืคื™ืœื˜ืจื™ื (ืžืžืฉ ื›ืžื• ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื”ืื™ื ืกื˜ื’ืจื ืฉืœื”)

ื”ื™ื ืœื ืžืืžื™ื ื” ื‘ื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ืงื•ืกืžื˜ื™ื™ื, ืžื—ืฉื‘ืช ื›ืœ ืฆืขื“ ืฉืœื” ื‘ื—ื•ืฅ, ืžืฉืงื™ืขื” ื‘ืชื™ืงื™ ืžืขืฆื‘ื™ื ืœื ื–ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื•ืื•ื›ืœืช ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื‘ื ืœื”. ื˜ื™ื™ืœื•ืจ ืžืœื›ื•ื‘ ืขื•ื ื” ืขืœ ืฉืืœื•ืŸ ื”ืื•ืคื ื” ื•ื”ื‘ื™ื•ื˜ื™ ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ืฉื™ื ื”ื›ื ื•ืช

ืœื“ื ื™ืืœื” ืื™ืคื ื‘ืจื’ ืื™ืŸ ืคืจื™ื˜ื™ื ืฉืžื—ื›ื™ื ื‘ื•ื•ื™ืฉ-ืœื™ืกื˜ โ€“ ืื ื™ืฉ ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื”ื™ื ืจื•ืฆื”, ื”ื™ื ืงื•ื ื” ืื•ืชื•. ื”ื™ื ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื” ื›ืžื• ื‘ืกื“ืจื” "ื™ื•ื ื‘ื—ื™ื™", ืœื ืžืชื—ืจื˜ืช ืขืœ ืืฃ ืืื•ื˜ืคื™ื˜ ืฉืœื‘ืฉื” ื•ื›ืจื’ืข ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื’ืžื™ืœื” ืžืคื™ืœื˜ืจื™ื. ืžืฉืคื™ืขื ื™ืช ื”ืื•ืคื ื” ืขื•ื ื” ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืฉืืœื•ืช ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืืžืช