ืจืืฉื™ ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช FF

ื™ืฉ ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘, ืืฃ ืฉืœื ื—ืกืจื™ื ืœื” ืจื’ืขื™ื ืžืจื”ื™ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืขื•ื ื” ื”ื–ืืช ืฉืœ "ื”ื›ื•ื›ื‘ ื”ื‘ื". ื”ืคืขื ืžืฆื™ื’ื” ื”ืฉื•ืคื˜ืช ืจืฆืฃ ืื™ื ืกื˜ื’ืจืžื™ ืื•ืชื ื˜ื™ ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“, ืฉืžืฉืชื“ืœ ืœื—ืฉื•ืฃ ื›ื›ืœ ื”ืืคืฉืจ ืืช "ื”ืืžืช" ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ ื”ื’ืœืื ื”ืžืœื•ื˜ืฉ ืฉืงื•ืจืŸ ืžืžื ื” ืขืœ ื”ืžืกืš. ืžื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื ืžื•ืฉืœืžืช ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืฆื‘ ืฆื‘ื™ืจื”

ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืคื” ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื•ื‘ืฉื™ื ืžืขื™ืœื™ื ื•ืฆืขื™ืคื™ื, ื ื•ืขื ื‘ื•ื”ื“ื ื” ืžืฉืชื–ืคืช ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ืืœื• ื‘ื—ื•ืคื™ ืชืื™ืœื ื“ ื•ืขื•ืฉื” ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ืกื˜ื™ื™ืœ. ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื™ื ื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ื—ืฆื™ ืฉื—ื•ืจ ื—ืฆื™ ืœื‘ืŸ, ื‘ื•ื”ื“ื ื” ืžื•ืฆื™ืื” ืœื ื• ืืช ื”ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ื•ื’ื•ืจืžืช ืœื ื• ืœื”ืชื’ืขื’ืข ืœืงื™ืฅ

ืฉื ื” ืื—ืจื™ ืฉืื•ื‘ื—ื ื” ืขื ืกืจื˜ืŸ, ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืžื™ื“ืœื˜ื•ืŸ ื—ื•ื–ืจืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช ืฉืœื” ื•ืขื•ืฉื” ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ืกื˜ื™ื™ืœ. ื”ืคืขื ื”ื™ื ื‘ื—ืจื” ืœืœื›ืช ืขืœ ืœื•ืง ืฉื›ื•ืœื• ืื“ื•ื ื›ื”ื” ื•ืขื•ื ื” ืขืœ ื˜ืจื ื“ "ื’ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ื—ืžื•ืฆื™ื•ืช" ืฉืงื•ืจื” ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ืืœื•. ื”ืฉื•ืก ื”ื™ื” ื”ืชื™ืง ื”ืงื˜ืŸ ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืฆื‘ืข, ืฉืœื ืžืžืฉ ืื•ืคื™ื™ื ื™ ืœื ืกื™ื›ื”. ืื”ื‘ื ื• ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ

ื‘ืฆืœ ื”ืฉืžื•ืขื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ื–ื•ื’ื™, ื™ืขืœ ืฉืœื‘ื™ื” ืžืฉื›ื” ืœื ืžืขื˜ ืžืชืฉื•ืžืช ื”ืœื‘ ื‘ืื™ืจื•ืข ืฉืœ ื”ืกื•ื›ื ื•ืช ืฉืœื”, ื•ื’ื ื“ืื’ื” ืœื”ืชื™ื™ืฆื‘ ื‘ืืื•ื˜ืคื™ื˜ ืกืงืกื™ ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืฉืœื ืžืฉืื™ืจ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืงื•ื ืœื“ืžื™ื•ืŸ. ืืคืฉืจ ืœื’ืžืจื™ ืœืงืจื•ื ืœื–ื” ืฉืžืœืช ื”ื ืงืžื” ืฉืœ ื™ืขืœ, ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื›ืžื• ืฉืขืฉืชื” ื”ื ืกื™ื›ื” ื“ื™ืื ื” ื‘- 1994 ืจื’ืข ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืคืจื™ื“ื” ืžื”ื ืกื™ืš ืฆ'ืืจืœืก

ืœื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉืœื ืกื’ื•ืจื” ืขืœ ืื™ื–ื” ืกื ื™ืงืจืก ื‘ื ืœื” ืœื ืขื•ืœ, ืฉื™ืžื• ืœื‘ ืœืกื ื™ืงืจืก ื”ืฉื•ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืงื™ื™ื˜ื™ ื”ื•ืœืžืก ืฉื‘ื—ืจื” ื‘ืžื•ืชื’ ืกื•ืคืจ ื ื—ืฉืง ืœืฉื™ื˜ื•ื˜ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœื” ื‘ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง. ืื™ืŸ ืกืคืง ืฉื”ื ืขืœื™ื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืžืฉืœื™ืžื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžื“ื•ื™ืง ืืช ื”ืกื˜ื™ื™ืœ ื”ืื•ืจื‘ื ื™ ื•ื”ืœื ืžืชืืžืฅ ืฉืœื”, ื•ื”ืŸ ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ืฉื•ื•ืช ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžื™ ืฉืžื—ืคืฉืช ืืœื˜ืจื ื˜ื™ื‘ื” ืœื–ื•ื’ ื”ืกืžื‘ื” ื”ื—ืจื•ืฉ ืฉืœื”

ื‘ืขื•ื“ ื”ืคืื•ืช ืฉืœื” ืขืœ ื”ืžืกืš ื’ื•ืจืจื•ืช ืขืœื‘ื•ื ื•ืช, ื”ืคืื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื›ื•ื›ื‘ืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ ื’ื•ืจืคื•ืช ืžื—ืžืื•ืช. ืงื™ื“ืžืŸ ื›ืžืขื˜ ื•ืœื ื ืฆืคื™ืช ื‘ืฉื™ืขืจื” ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ ื•ื”ืžืชื•ืœืชืœ, ื•ืžืขื‘ื™ืจื” ืื•ืชื• ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื“ืจืžื˜ื™ื™ื ื‘ืงืฆื‘ ืฉืžืฉืื™ืจ ืืคื™ืœื• ืืช ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ื‘ืœื™ ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ืœื ืฉื™ืžื”

ืจื’ืข ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื™ื ืžืฉื™ืงื” ืืช ืœื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ื— ืฉืœื”, ื‘ืจ ืจืคืืœื™ ืงืคืฆื” ืœื“ื•ื‘ืื™ ืœื”ืฆื˜ืœื ืœืงืžืคื™ื™ืŸ ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ืžืฉืงืคื™ ืฉืžืฉ. ื”ืงื•ื ืกืคื˜: ืื™ื ื“ื™ืื ื” ื’'ื•ื ืก ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืฆื•ืจืช ื‘ืจ ืจืคืืœื™ ืฉื–ื” ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืฉืœื ื™ื“ืขื ื• ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช

ื”ื“ื•ื’ืžื ื™ืช ื”ืฆื˜ืœืžื” ืชื—ืช ืขื“ืฉืชื• ืฉืœ ื˜ืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืงืช ืื•ืคื ื” ืฉืขื•ืฉื” ืœื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ื›ื‘ื•ื“. ื”ืืื•ื˜ืคื™ื˜ื™ื, ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืฆืœื ื”ืžื•ืขืจืš, ืฆื ื•ืขื™ื โ€“ ืื‘ืœ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืื“ื’'ื™ื™ื ื•ืžืœืื™ ืกื˜ื™ื™ืœ, ื•ื‘ื•ื”ื“ื ื” ื ืจืื™ืช ื‘ื”ื ืžื“ื”ื™ื ื›ื”ืจื’ืœื”

ืžืœื›ืช ืกืคืจื“ ืžืœืืช ื”ืกื˜ื™ื™ืœ ื‘ื—ืจื” ืœืžื—ื–ืจ ืœื•ืง ืขื ืื•ืชื” ื—ืœื™ืคื” ืžื—ื•ื™ื˜ืช ืฉืœื‘ืฉื” ืจืง ืœืคื ื™ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ. ืžืื•ื“ ืžืคืชื™ืข ื•ืื ื•ืฉื™ ื›ืื—ื“. ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉื“ืจื’ ืืช ื”ืœื•ืง ื”ื™ื ื‘ื—ืจื” ืœืขื ื•ื“ ืงืฉืช ืขืœ ืฉื™ืขืจื” ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ื“ื™ ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื•ืช ืฉื”ื™ื ืฉืื‘ื” ื”ืฉืจืื” ืžื‘ืœื™ื™ืจ ื•ื•ืœื“ืจื•ืฃ ืž"ืื—ืช ืฉื™ื•ื“ืขืช"

ื‘ืงืืจื” ืžื•ืฉืœื ื•ืœื•ืง ืงืœืืกื™ ืื‘ืœ ืขื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืกื˜, ืžืœื™ ืœื•ื™ ื”ื’ื™ืขื” ืœืคืจื™ืžื™ื™ืจื” ืฉืœ "ื”ืจืืฉ" ื”ืกื“ืจื” ื”ื—ื“ืฉื” ื‘ื›ื™ื›ื•ื‘ื” ืœืฆื“ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืœื•ื™. ืžืœื™ ืžืกืคืงืช ืœื ื• ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ืœื”ืชืจืฉื ืžื”ืกื˜ื™ื™ืœ ื”ืžืขื•ืœื” ืฉืœื” ื•ื›ืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืง ื›ืœ ื‘ื’ื“

ืื—ืจื™ ืฉืคืชื—ื” ืืช ื”ืืงืกืคื•, ืขื“ืŸ ื‘ืŸ ื–ืงืŸ ื˜ืกื” ืœื ื•ื— ื‘ื“ื•ื‘ืื™. ื”ืœื•ืง: ื‘ืœื•ื ื“ื™ื ื™ ืžืชืžื™ื“, ืขื ืืื•ื˜ืคื™ื˜ื™ื ืฉืžื—ืžื™ืื™ื ืœื’ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ. ืฉืžืœืช ืขืจื‘ ื“ืจืžื˜ื™ืช, ืฆืžื™ื“ ืฉืœ ื•ืœื ื˜ื™ื ื•, ืžื›ื ืกื•ื ื™ื ืงืฆืจื™ื ื•ื—ื–ื™ื™ื” ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœื” ืืช ืžืœื•ื ื”ืคื•ืงื•ืก - ืงื‘ืœื• ืืช ืžืœืชื—ืช ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉื” ืฉืœื”

ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื›ืžื• ื”ื“ืžื•ืช ื‘ืกื“ืจื” "ืืžื™ืœื™ ื‘ืคืจื™ื–", ื’ื ืืžื™ืœื™ ืงื•ืคืจ ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช ืžื‘ื™ื ื” ื“ื‘ืจ ืื• ืฉื ื™ื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืื•ืคื ื”. ื”ืคืขื ืงื•ืคืจ ื”ื•ืœื›ืช ืขืœ ื”ื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื ื™ืฆื—ื™ ืฉืœ ื“ื ื™ื ืื•ืŸ ื“ื ื™ื ื•ืขื•ืฉื” ืืช ื–ื” ืขื ื’'ื™ื ืก ืจื—ื‘, ืžื—ื•ืš ืžื—ื˜ื‘ ื•ืชื™ืง ืื—ื“ ืฉืžืจืื” ืฉื”ื™ื ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ืžืขื•ื“ื›ื ืช ื‘ืžื” ืฉืงื•ืจื”. ื•ืื™ืš ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ ืกืคื™ืจืก ืงืฉื•ืจื” ืœื›ืœ ื–ื”?

ืจืฉื™ืžืช ื”ืžืขืคื™ืœื™ื ืœืฉืžื™ื ื™ืช ื”ื’ืžืจ ื‘"ื”ื›ื•ื›ื‘ ื”ื‘ื" ื ืกื’ืจื” ืืชืžื•ืœ ื›ืฉื•ืืœืจื™ ื—ืžืืชื™ ืฉืžืจื” ืืช ืžืงื•ืžื” ื‘ื ื‘ื—ืจืช. ื”ืขืจื‘ ื”ื“ืจืžื˜ื™ ืฉืœ ื•ืืœืจื™ ืœื•ื•ื” ื’ื ื‘ืฉืžืœื” ื“ืจืžื˜ื™ืช ื•ื™ืคื™ืคื™ื™ื” ืฉืœ ืžืขืฆื‘ ื›ื—ื•ืœ ืœื‘ืŸ. ื—ืžืืชื™ ื”ื™ืžืžื” ืขื ืฉืžืœืช ืกื˜ืจืคืœืก ืฉื—ื•ืจื” ืขื ืžื—ืฉื•ืฃ ืžืขื•ื’ืœ, ืฉื›ื™ื•ื•ืฆื™ ื‘ื“ ื ืžืชื—ื™ื ืžืžื ื•. ืฉืžืœื” ืžื ืฆื—ืช

ืœื•ืจืŸ ืื™ื™ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืคื›ื” ื•ื™ืจืืœื™ืช ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื”ืขืœืชื” ืœื˜ื™ืงื˜ื•ืง ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ื‘ื• ื”ื™ื ืžื•ื—ืงืช ืืช ื”ืื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ ื•ืžืืคืจืช ืืช ืขืฆืžื” ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืจื’ืขื™ื ืกืคื•ืจื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื—ื•ืคื”. "ืื ื™ ืฉื•ื ืืช ืืช ื–ื”", ืืžืจื”, "ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื—ื›ื•ืช ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžื–ื” ื˜ื™ืงื˜ื•ืง". ื’ื ืœืžืืคืจืช ืฉืื—ืจืื™ืช ืขืœ ื”ืœื•ืง ื”ืžื•ืฉืžืฅ ื”ื™ื” ืžื” ืœื”ื’ื™ื“

ื‘ื›ื•ื—ื• ืฉืœ ื’ืณื™ื ืก ืžืขื•ืœื” ืœื”ืจื™ื ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืืื•ื˜ืคื™ื˜ ื‘ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ื•ื‘ื—ื•ืจืฃ ื”ื–ื” ื–ื” ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื‘ื ืœื ื• ืœืœื‘ื•ืฉ. ืกืคื™ืจ ืื‘ื™ืกืจื•ืจ, ื”ืžืฉืคืขื™ื ื™ืช ื”ืกื•ืคืจ ืžืฆืœื™ื—ื”, ื‘ื—ืจื” ื”ืคืขื ื‘ื’'ื™ื ืก ื›ื—ื•ืœ ื›ื”ื” ื•ืžืชืจื—ื‘ ืžืจืฉืช ืขืžืžื™ืช ื•ืฉื•ื•ื” ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื’ื ื”ืžื—ื™ืจ ืฉืœื• ื”ื•ื 199 ืฉืงืœื™ื. ืขืคื ื•