ืจืืฉื™ ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช FF

ื”ืกื•ืคืจืžื•ื“ืœ ืกื™ืคืงื” ืืช ื”ื”ืฉืจืื” ื”ืขื•ื ืชื™ืช ื”ืื•ืœื˜ื™ืžื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช ืขื ืฉืžืœื” ืฉืžื’ืœืžืช ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื˜ืจื ื“ื™ื ื”ื‘ื•ืœื˜ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืจื’ืข. ื”ืคืœื•ืกื™ื: ืฉืจื•ื•ืœื™ื ื™ืคื”ืคื™ื™ื, ื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืžื“ื•ื™ืง ื•ืคื˜ืจืŸ ืคืจื—ื•ื ื™. ื”ืžื™ื ื•ืก: ืžื—ื™ืจ ืžื˜ื•ืจืฃ. ื ืฆื˜ืจืš ืœื—ืคืฉ ืืœื˜ืจื ื˜ื™ื‘ื” ื‘ืงื ื™ื•ื ื™ื

ืื—ืจื™ ืชืงื•ืคื” ืจื•ื•ื™ื” ื‘ืœื™ื™ื‘ืœื™ื ืžื•ื›ืจื™ื ื•ืžืขื˜ ืฆืคื•ื™ื™ื, ื”ืžืฉืคื™ืขื ื™ืช ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช ืฉืœืคื” ื‘ืชืื™ืœื ื“ ื‘ื’ื“ ื™ื ืคืจื—ื•ื ื™ ืฉืœ ืžื•ืชื’ ื”ื’ืœื™ืฉื” ื”ื•ื•ืชื™ืง ื‘ื™ืœื‘ื•ื ื’. ืœืฆื“ ื‘ื™ืงื™ื ื™ ืฉื—ื•ืจ ืงืœืืกื™ ื•ืฉืจืฉืจืช ืกื˜ื™ื™ื˜ืžื ื˜, ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉื” ืฉืœื” ื”ื™ื ืฉื™ืจ ืคืจื™ื“ื” ืœืงื™ืฅ

ื“ื™ืืŸ ืฉื•ื•ืจืฅ ืืจื–ื” ืœื” ืžื–ื•ื•ื“ื” ืžืœืื” ื‘ืฉืžืœื•ืช ื•ื‘ื’ื“ื™ ื™ื ื•ื˜ืกื” ืœืžืื•ืจื™ืฆื™ื•ืก ืœื—ื•ืคืฉื” ืคื•ื˜ื•ื’ื ื˜ื™ืช ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“. ืื ื—ื ื• ื”ืชืื‘ืกืกื ื• ืขืœ ืฉืžืœื” ืฉื”ื™ื ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืื˜-ืืื•ื˜ ืขื ืžืขื˜ ืžืื•ื“ ื‘ื“ ื•ื”ืจื‘ื” ืคืจื™ื ื˜ื™ื ื•ืืœืžื ื˜ื™ื ืžืชื›ืชื™ื™ื

ื”ืชืฆื•ื’ื” ืฉืœ ืกืŸ ืœื•ืจืŸ ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื”ืื™ืจื•ืข ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ื‘ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื”ืื•ืคื ื” ื‘ืคืจื™ื– ื›ืฉื”ืื™ื™ืคืœ ืžื ืฆื ืฅ ื‘ืจืงืข. ื”ื™ื™ืœื™ ื‘ื™ื‘ืจ ื”ื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ืžื›ื ืกื•ื ื™ ืชื—ืจื” ืฉืœื’ืžืจื™ ื ืจืื™ื ืžืขื•ืœืžื•ืช ื”ืคื™ื’'ืžื”, ืžื“ื•ื ื” ื•ื”ื‘ืช ืœื•ืจื“ืก ื‘ืœื•ืง ืชื•ืื, ื–ื•ืื™ ืงืจื‘ื™ืฅ ืขื ืžืขื™ืœ ืงืืžืœ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื ืฉืžื— ืœืงื‘ืœ ื•ื”ืžืฉืคื™ืขื ื™ืช ื”ืจื•ืชื—ืช ืคืื ื™ืœ ื‘ื—ื•ืœืฆื” ืฉืงื•ืคื” ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ. ื”ื™ื” ืงืจื™ืจ ื‘ื—ื•ืฅ ื•ืจื•ืชื— ื‘ืคื ื™ื

ื”ืกื™ื‘ื•ื‘ ืฉืœ ื”ื›ื•ื›ื‘ืช ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘ ื ืžืฉืš, ื•ื›ืขืช ื”ื™ื ื‘ื™ืขื“ ื”ื ื•ืฆืฅ ืžื›ื•ืœื. ืื”ื‘ื ื• ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืืช ื‘ื’ื“ ื”ื™ื ืฉืœ ื“ื” ืจื•ืงื•ืงื• ื•ืขื•ื“ ืœื•ืง ืฉื›ืœืœ ืฉื•ืจื˜ืก ืžื ื•ืžืจื™ื ื•ื–'ืงื˜ ืื•ื‘ืจืกื™ื™ื–, ื•ื”ืฆืœื™ื— ืœื”ืชื‘ืœื˜ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืจืื•ืช ื”ืกืคื•ืจื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื™ื ื”ื ื™ื ื•ื—ื™ื. ืืจื–ื” ื›ื”ืœื›ื”

ืื™ื•ื•ื ืงื” ื˜ืจืืžืค ื”ื™ื ืื•ืžื ื ื ืกื™ื›ืช ื”ืขื™ืจ ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง, ืื‘ืœ ื’ื ืœื‘ืช ืฉืœ ื ืฉื™ื ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื”ืชื ื”ื’ ืœืคืขืžื™ื ื›ืžื• ืื—ืจื•ื ืช ื”ืชื™ื™ืจื•ืช. ื˜ืจืืžืค ื”ืฆื˜ืœืžื” ืขืœ ื’ื’ ืขื ื ื•ืฃ ืžื”ืคื ื˜ ื›ืฉื”ื™ื ืœื•ื‘ืฉืช ืฉืžืœืช ืžื™ื ื™ ืฉื—ื•ืจื” ืขื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ื•ืกื˜ ืžืžื–ืจื™ ืฉืœ ืžืขืฆื‘ืช ื ื—ืฉืงืช ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“. ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื” ืœื”ืคืชื™ืขื”

ื”ื™ื ืขื•ืจืจื” ืกืขืจื” ื›ืฉืœื‘ืฉื” ื’ืจื‘ื™ื•ื ื™ื ื•ื‘ื’ื“ ื’ื•ืฃ ืฉืงืคืงืคื™ื, ื•ืฉืžืจื” ืขืœ ืื•ืชื” ืจืžื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื›ืฉื”ื—ืœื™ืคื” ืœืขื•ื“ ืœื•ืง ืฉืžืชื›ืชื‘ ืขื ื”ื˜ืจื ื“ื™ื ื”ืœื•ื”ื˜ื™ื ืœื—ื•ืจืฃ ื”ืงืจื•ื‘. ืื™ืŸ ืกืคืง ืฉื’'ื ืจ ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ืžื” ื”ื™ื ืขื•ืฉื”

ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉื” ืฉืœ ื‘ืจ ืจืคืืœื™ ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืžืœืื” ื‘ื‘ื’ื“ื™ ื™ื ืœื•ื”ื˜ื™ื ืฉื”ืฆื™ื’ื• ืืช ื’ื•ืคื” ื”ื—ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ. ืœืฆื“ ื‘ื’ื“ื™ ื”ื™ื, ื”ื™ื ื”ืฆื™ื’ื” ื’ื ืœื•ืง ืขืจื‘ ืฉื•ื•ื” ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“: ื—ืฆืื™ืช ื•ื—ื•ืœืฆื”, ืฉื™ื—ื“ ื™ืฆืจื• ืืฉืœื™ื” ืฉืœ ืฉืžืœืช ืจื™ื–ื•ืจื˜ ืงืœื™ืœื” ื•ืžืœื•ื˜ืฉืช. ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืฉื ื™ ืคืจื™ื˜ื™ื ื–ื•ืœื™ื ืฉืจืง ื ืจืื™ื ื™ืงืจ. rืคืืœื™ ื™ื“ืขื” ืœื”ืฉืœื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืจืื” ืขื ืืงืกืกื•ืจื™ื– ืžื“ื•ื™ืงื™ื ืฉื”ืงืคื™ืฆื• ืืช ื”ืœื•ืง

ื›ื•ืœื ื—ื™ื›ื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ื ื™ ื•ืขื“ื™ ื”ื™ืžืœื‘ืœื•ื™ ื™ื—ื“, ืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื—ื™ื›ื™ื ื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืžื” ืชืœื‘ืฉ ืœืชืžื•ื ื” ื”ื–ื•ื’ื™ืช. ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื”ื™ื” ืœืžื” ืœื—ื›ื•ืช: ื”ื™ืžืœื‘ืœื•ื™ ืœื‘ืฉื” ืœื•ืง ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ืชื’ ืฉืœ ืื™ืžื ืฉืœ ื–ื™ื ื™ ื•ื ืจืืชื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืžืขื•ืœื” ื‘ืžื›ื ืกื™ื™ื ืจื—ื‘ื™ื ื•ื—ื•ืœืฆืช ื‘ื˜ืŸ ืงื˜ื ื˜ื ื”

ื‘ืœื™ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืื™ืคื•ืจ ื•ืœืœื ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ืฉื™ืขืจ, ื›ืฉื”ื™ื ืœื•ื‘ืฉืช ืจืง ื’ื•ืคื™ื™ืช ืกื‘ื ื•ืชื—ืชื•ื ื™ื ืฉื—ื•ืจื™ื - ื’ืœ ื”ืชื™ื™ืฆื‘ื” ืžื•ืœ ื”ืžืฆืœืžื” ืœืกืฉืŸ ืฆื™ืœื•ืžื™ื ื˜ื‘ืขื™, ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื•ื—ืฉื•ืฃ ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื”ืฆืคื•ื™

ืื‘ืœ ื”ืืžืช ื”ื™ื ืฉื–ื” ืžืžืฉ ืœื ื”ืคืจื™ื˜ ืฉื”ื›ื™ ืจื™ื’ืฉ ืื•ืชื ื• ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข ืžืชื•ืš ืฉืช"ืค ืฉืœ ื ื™ื™ืงื™ ืขื ืžื•ืชื’ ืื—ืจ - ื•ื”ื™ื• ืฉืœื•ืฉื” (!) ื›ืืœื”. ืžืชื‘ืงืฉ ืœืงืคื•ืฅ ื’ื ืœืฉื‘ื•ืข ื”ืื•ืคื ื” ื‘ืžื™ืœืื ื•, ืฉื ื”ื™ื•ืจืฉืช ืฉืœ ืคื ื“ื™ ืžืกืžื ืช ื ื—ื™ืชื” ืจื›ื” ื‘ืขื™ื“ืŸ ื”ืžืขืฆื‘ื™ื ื”ื—ื“ืฉื™ื, ื•ื’ื ื”ื—ื–ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื“ืžื ื” ืœื’ื•ืฆ'ื™ ืžืฆืœื™ื— ืœืจื’ืฉ ื•ืืฃ ืœืกืงืจืŸ - ืื‘ืœ ื”ื˜ื™ื–ืจ ืฉืœ ื‘ืœื ืกื™ืื’ื” ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ืจืžื– ืขื‘ื” ืœืžื” ืฉื”ื•ืœืš ืœืงืจื•ืช ื‘ืคืจื™ื–. ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช, ืฉืืœื•ืช ื•ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ืขืœ ืžื” ืฉืงืจื” ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืื•ืคื ื”

ื˜ื™ื™ืœื•ืจ ื”ื™ื ืžืœื›ืช ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉื•ืช, ื•ืžืœืชื—ืช ื”ืจื™ื–ื•ืจื˜ ืฉืœื” ืœื ืžืคืกื™ืงื” ืœืจื’ืฉ ืื•ืชื ื•. ื”ืคืขื ื”ื™ื ื•ื™ืชืจื” ืขืœ ื”ื—ืชืžืช ื”ื“ืจื›ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ืฆืคื™ื ื” ืœื›ื™ื ืจืช, ืฉื ื ืชื ื” ืืช ื”ืคื•ืงื•ืก ืœืฉื ื™ ื‘ื’ื“ื™ ื™ื: ื”ืื—ื“ ื–ื”ื•ื‘ ื•ืžืœื ื‘ืœื™ื ื’ ื•ื”ืฉื ื™ ื—ื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“. ืžืฆืื• ืืช ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœื™ื - ื”ื’ืจืกื” ืขื ื”ืกื˜ื™ื™ืœ

ื‘ืฉื ืช 2000 ื™ืขืœ ื‘ืจ ื–ื•ื”ืจ ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื”ื“ื•ื’ืžื ื™ืช ื”ื›ื™ ืขืกื•ืงื” ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขื ืงืžืคื™ื™ืŸ ืขื ืง ืœื‘ื’ื“ื™ ื™ื. ื‘ืฉื ืช 2025 ื›ืฉื”ื™ื ืื™ืžื ืœืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื™ืœื“ื™ื, ื”ื™ื ื ื•ืคืฉืช ืขื ื‘ืขืœื” ื‘ื—ื•ืคืฉื” ืžืคื ืงืช ื›ืฉื”ื™ื ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืฆื•ืœืžืช ื‘ื‘ื’ื“ ื™ื ื•ื ืจืื™ืช ืœื ืคื—ื•ืช ืžืžื“ื”ื™ื. ื”ืื ื”ืงืžืคื™ื™ืŸ ื™ื—ื–ื•ืจ ื‘ืงืจื•ื‘?

ืฉื ื™ืจืจ ื‘ืช ื”-67 ื“ื™ืœื’ื” ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื—ื’ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืœื’ื ื˜ื™ื•ืช ืื•ื•ืจื™ืจื™ืช ืœืฉื™ืง ืฆื ื•ืข ื•ืžื“ื•ื™ืง. ื”ื™ื” ืฉื ืžื™ืงืก ืฉืœ ืชื—ืจื” ื—ื•ืฉืคืช ืœื ื–'ืจื™, ืคืจื™ื˜ื™ื ืžื—ื•ื™ื˜ื™ื, ืœื‘ืŸ ืฆื—ื•ืจ ื•ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืคื•ืœืงื” โ€“ ื›ืฉืืช ื”ื›ืœ ื”ืฉืœื™ืžื• ืืงืกืกื•ืจื™ื– ืžืžื™ื˜ื‘ ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืื•ืคื ื”. ื›ื›ื” ืคื•ืชื—ื™ื ืฉื ื”

ืื ื—ื ื• ืจื’ื™ืœื•ืช ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื‘ืจ ืจืคืืœื™ ื‘ืคืจื™ื˜ื™ ืžืขืฆื‘ื™ื ื•ื‘ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื ืžืžื•ืชื’ื™ื ื•ื™ืงืจื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ื‘ืจ ืžืฉืœื‘ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื•ืชื’ื™ ื™ื•ืงืจื” ืœื‘ื’ื“ื™ื ืžืจืฉืชื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื–ื•ืœื•ืช ื•ื–ื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืœื”. ืืช ื”ื—ื’ ื”ื™ื ื‘ื™ืœืชื” ื‘ื—ื•ืคืฉื” ืคื•ื˜ื•ื’ื ื™ืช ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืขื ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืžื“ื•ื™ืง ืฉืœ ื™ืงืจ ื•ื–ื•ืœ