ืจืืฉื™ ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช FF

ืงื•ืจืื™ื ืœื” ืื™ื–ื‘ืœ ื”ืื•ื’ืกื ื’ ื™ื•ื”ืื ืกืŸ, ื”ื™ื ื’ื“ืœื” ืื™ืชื• ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืขื™ืจ ื•ืื•ืชื• ืžื•ืขื“ื•ืŸ ื›ื“ื•ืจื’ืœ, ืื‘ืœ ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืื™ืชื• ืจืง ืœืคื ื™ ื—ืžืฉ ืฉื ื™ื. ืžืื– ื›ื‘ืจ ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ื™ืœื“ ื‘ืŸ ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื, ื•ื”ืื™ื ืกื˜ื’ืจื ืฉืœื” ืœื ืจืง ืžืกืคืง ื”ืฆืฆื” ืฆืžื•ื“ื” ืžื”ื™ืฆื™ืข ืืœ ื”ืชื•ืคืขื” ืฉืฉืžื” ืืจืœื™ื ื’ ื”ืืœืื ื“, ืืœื ื’ื ืืœ ื”ืกื˜ื™ื™ืœ ื”ืžืชื”ื•ื•ื” ืฉืœ ืžื™ ืฉืจื•ื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื” ืœื‘ืฉื” ืžื“ื™ ื›ื“ื•ืจื’ืœ ื•ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืžืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืฉืจืืช ืื•ืคื ื” ืžื”ื ืกื™ื›ื” ื“ื™ืื ื” ื•ืงื ื“ืœ ื’'ื ืจ

ืื™ืš ืœื‘ืœื•ื˜ ื‘ืื™ืจื•ืข ืกืœื‘ืก ืขื ืฉืžืœื” ืื—ืช ื‘ืœื‘ื“? ืฉื™ืจ ืืœืžืœื™ื— ืœื ื”ืฉืื™ืจื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืงื•ื ืœื“ืžื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืฉืžืœืช ืœื•ืจืงืก ืžื ืฆื ืฆืช ื‘ื’ื–ืจื” ืฆืžื•ื“ื” ืœื’ื•ืฃ. ืื‘ืœ ื”ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืกื˜ ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ ืฉื”ื•ืคืš ืืช ื”ืฉืžืœื” ื”ื–ื• ืœืœื ืฉื’ืจืชื™ืช ื‘ืขืœื™ืœ, ื”ื•ื ืฉืกืข ืืจื•ืš ืฉื ืžืชื— ืžืœืžื˜ื” ืขื“ ืœืžืขืœื”

ืื™ืŸ ืžื™ืฉื”ื™ ืฉืื•ื”ื‘ืช ืืช ื”ืงื™ืฅ ื‘ื‘ื’ื“ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื‘ืจ ืจืคืืœื™. ื”ื“ื•ื’ืžื ื™ืช ื•ืืฉืช ื”ืขืกืงื™ื ืืจื–ื” ืœื—ื•ืคืฉืช ื”ืงื™ืฅ ืฉืœื” ืžื‘ื—ืจ ืœื•ืงื™ื ืœื™ื ื•ื–ื” ื›ื•ืœืœ ื‘ื™ืงื™ื ื™: ืžืฉื•ืœืฉื™ื ืงื˜ื ื˜ืŸ ื‘ืคืจื™ื ื˜ ืžื ื•ืžืจ ื•ื‘ื’ื“ ื™ื ืฉืœื ื‘ื’ื•ื•ืŸ ื™ืจื•ืง ืขืžื•ืง ืขื ื˜ื‘ืขืช ืžื•ื‘ื ื™ืช ื‘ืื™ื–ื•ืจ ื”ื—ื–ื”. ืื‘ืœ ื ื“ืžื” ืฉืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื›ืœ ื‘ื’ื“ ื”ื™ื, ื”ื™ื ืืจื–ื” ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืžืฆื‘ ืจื•ื— ื˜ื•ื‘ ืฉืœ ืžื™ืฉื”ื™ ืฉืžืื“ ื ื”ื ื™ืช ื‘ื—ื•ืคืฉื” ืขื ื”ื‘ืขืœ ื‘ื—ื•ืฃ ื”ื™ื

ืืชืžื•ืœ ื”ื™ื” ื™ื•ื ืžืจื’ืฉ ืœืžื“ื™ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื™ืคื”ืคื™ื” ื‘ืช ื”-41, ืฉื—ื’ื’ื” ื‘ืคืจืžื™ื™ืจืช ื”ืกืจื˜ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ื›ื™ื›ื•ื‘ื”, "ื—ื™ื ื” ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ืช". ืœืจื’ืœ ื”ืžืขืžื“ ื”ื™ื ืœื‘ืฉื” ืฉืžืœื” ืžื•ืฆืœื—ืช ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“, ืฉืœ ืžื•ืชื’ ื™ืฉืจืืœื™, ืฉื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื˜ืจื ื“ื™ืช ื•ืœื•ื”ื˜ืช ืื‘ืœ ื’ื ืงืœืืกื™ืช ื•ืขืœ-ื–ืžื ื™ืช

ื”ื ื›ื“ื” ื”ืคื™ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื˜ื™ืช ืฉืœ ืžืฉืคื—ืช ื˜ืจืืžืค ื—ื’ื’ื” ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข ืœืฆื“ ืกื‘ื” ื”ืžืคื•ืจืกื. ืงืื™ ื‘ืช ื”-19 ื”ืœื›ื” ืขืœ ืงื•ืžื‘ื• ื”ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ ืžื•ื•ืกื˜ ืžื›ื•ืคืชืจ ื•ื›ื”ื” ื•ื—ืฆืื™ืช ืžื™ื ื™ ืœื‘ื ื” ื•ืงื˜ื ื˜ื ื”. ืœืœื•ืง ื”ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ื”ื™ื ืฆื™ืจืคื” ืืงืกืกื•ืจื™ื– ืฉืœ ืžื•ืชื’ ืขืœ ื›ื™ ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช. ืื ืœื ื”ื™ื, ืื– ืžื™?

ืจืง ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืžื” ืฉืขื•ืช ื”ืชืœื”ื‘ื ื• ืžืžื ื” ื‘ืœื•ืง ืžื—ื•ื™ื˜ ืื•ืคื™ื™ื ื™, ื•ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื ืกื™ื›ืช ื•ื™ื™ืœืก ืฉื•ื‘ ืžื”ืžืžืช ืื•ืชื ื• - ืื‘ืœ ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืื—ืจ ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ. ืกื“ืจื” ืฉืœ ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ืžืฉืคื—ืชื™ื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืืžื ื ืžื•ืฉื›ืช ืชืฉื•ืžืช ืœื‘ ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืœืงืคื™ืฆืช ื”ื’ื•ื‘ื” ื”ืžืจืฉื™ืžื” ืฉืœ ื”ื ืกื™ืš ื’'ื•ืจื’', ืื‘ืœ ืื™ืŸ ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ ืœื”ืชืขืœื ืžืžื” ืฉืงื™ื™ื˜ ืœื•ื‘ืฉืช ืฉื

ื™ืขืœ ืฉืœื‘ื™ื” ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื” ืœืกืคืง ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ ื›ืฉื”ื™ื ืžืœื•ื•ื” ืืช ื”ื‘ื•ื™ืคืจื ื“, ืœืื ืก ืกื˜ืจื•ืœ, ื‘ืžืกืœื•ืœ ื”ืžืจื•ืฆื™ื ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ื”. ืฉืœื‘ื™ื” ืคื™ืฆื—ื” ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ืืช ืงื•ื“ ื”ืœื‘ื•ืฉ ื”ืžืืชื’ืจ ืฉืœ ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ ื”ืืœืคื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ, ื•ื‘ื—ืจื” ื‘ืœื•ืง ืœื ืžืชืืžืฅ, ืื‘ืœ ืกื•ืคืจ ืงื•ื”ืจื ื˜ื™, ืžืขื•ื“ื›ืŸ ื•ืงื™ืฆื™ ืฉืœ ืื—ื“ ื”ืžื•ืชื’ื™ื ื”ื›ื™ ื ื—ืฉืงื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ. ื•ื›ืŸ, ื™ืฉ ืื•ืชื• ื’ื ื‘ืืจืฅ

ื‘ืฉื™ืื• ืฉืœ ื’ืœ ื”ื—ื•ื ื”ืื™ืจื•ืคืื™, ื”ื ืกื™ื›ื” ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ื•ื›ื™ื—ื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื™ืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ื“ืจื›ื• ืฉืœ ืืื•ื˜ืคื™ื˜ ืžื•ืฆืœื—. ื”ื™ื ื”ื’ื™ืขื” ืœื˜ื•ืจื ื™ืจ ื•ื•ื™ืžื‘ืœื“ื•ืŸ ื‘ื—ืœื™ืคื” ื›ื—ื•ืœื” ืžืขื•ืœื” (ื‘ืžื—ื™ืจ ืžื•ืคืงืข ืœืžื“ื™), ืื‘ืœ ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื”ืขื’ื™ืœื™ื ืฉื‘ื—ืจื” ื’ื ื‘ื• ืืช ื”ื”ืฆื’ื”

ืœืจื’ืœ ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ ื”- 4 ื‘ื™ื•ืœื™ ื—ื’ื’ื” ืื™ื•ื•ื ืงื” ื˜ืจืืžืค ืœืฆื“ ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ืงืจื•ื‘, ืื™ืฉ ื”ืขืกืงื™ื ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ืžื™ื™ืงืœ ืจื•ื‘ื™ืŸ, ื‘ื‘ื™ืชื• ื”ืžื˜ื•ืจืฃ ื‘ื”ืžืคื˜ื•ื ืก. ื”ืื™ืจื•ืข ื”ื ื•ืฆืฅ ื”ื–ื” ืžื•ืฉืš ืืœื™ื• ืžื“ื™ ืฉื ื” ืžื™ืงืก ืžื˜ื•ืจืฃ ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ ืขืกืงื™ื, ืกืคื•ืจื˜ืื™ ืขืœ, ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงืื™ื ื•ืื™ื™-ืœื™ืกื˜ืจื™ื, ื›ื•ืœื ื‘ืงื•ื“ ืœื‘ื•ืฉ ืœื‘ืŸ ื•ืงืคื“ื ื™. ื˜ืจืืžืค ืฉืœืคื” ืœืื™ืจื•ืข ืฉืžืœื” ืžื—ืฉื•ืฃ ืงื“ืžื™ ืžื˜ื•ืจืคืช, ื ืขืœื™ ืขืงื‘ ื•ืชื™ืง ืงืœืืฅ' ืฉื’ื ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืงื ื•ืช ืื•ืชื•

ื”ืฉื—ืงื ื™ืช ื ื™ื‘ ืกื•ืœื˜ืŸ ืžื“ื’ื™ืžื” ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžื•ืฉืœืžืช ื”ืฉืจืื•ืช ืžืœืื•ืช ืกื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืœืงื™ืฅ. ื–ื” ื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืขื ื ื’ื™ืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื“ื•ื ืœื•ื”ื˜ ืขื‘ืจ ืœืฉืžืœืช ื›ืชืคื™ื•ืช ืขื ืžื—ืฉื•ืฃ ืžืจืฉืช ืžื•ื›ืจืช ื•ืื™ืš ืืคืฉืจ ื‘ืœื™ ื”ืืงืกืกื•ืจื™ื– ืžื‘ื™ืช ื”ื™ื•ืฆืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื—ืงื ื™ืช ืฉืžืงืคื™ืฆื™ื ื›ืœ ืœื•ืง. ืื™ืŸ ืžื” ืœื”ื’ื™ื“, ื™ืฉ ืœื” ืืช ื–ื”

ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ืคื ื™ ื”ืชื•ืคืขื” ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ื™ืช ืฉืฉืžื” ืืจืœื™ื ื’ ื”ืืœืื ื“, ื•ืžื™ ืฉืœื ืกื•ืคืจ ืœื• ื’ื•ืœื™ื - ืžืžืฉ ืžื•ื–ืžืŸ ืœืกืคื•ืจ ืœื• ื‘ื™ืจืงื™ื ื™ื. ืžืชื‘ืจืจ ืฉื”ื˜ืจื•ืœ ื”ื ื•ืจื•ื•ื’ื™ ื”ืขื ืง ื”ื•ื ื—ืชื™ื›ืช ืืกืคืŸ, ื›ืš ืฉืžืฆืื ื• ืชื™ืจื•ืฅ ืžื•ืฉืœื ืœื‘ืจื‘ืจ ืขืœื™ื• ื›ืืŸ ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข. ื•ื’ื: ื”ืจื™ื‘ื•ืง ืฉืœ ืกืœื™ืŸ ืขื•ืžื“ื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื˜, ื’ืจืกืช ื”ื˜ืื‘ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื•ื•ื™ืื ืก ืžืื™ื™ืžืช ืœื”ื“ืœื™ืง ืืช ื”ืคื™ื“, ื ืขืžื™ ืื•ืกืงื” ืขื•ืฉื” ื–ืืช ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ื–'ืงืžื•ืก ื”ื•ื ื”ืžืคืœื˜ ื”ืžื•ืฉืœื ืžื›ืœ ืืœื”. ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช, ืฉืืœื•ืช ื•ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ืขืœ ืžื” ืฉืงืจื” ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืื•ืคื ื”

ืขื•ื ืช "ื•ื•ื™ ืœืื‘ ื™ื•ื•ืŸ" ื‘ืขื™ืฆื•ืžื”, ื•ื›ืื™ืœื• ืœื ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ืฉื™ื ื”ื—ืฉืง ืžืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื” - ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื‘ืื” ืžืื™ื” ืงื™ื™ ืขื ื”ืฉืจืืช ื”ืกื˜ื™ื™ืœ ื”ื›ื™ ืžื“ื•ื™ืงืช ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœื‘ืงืฉ: ืฉืžืœืช ืžื™ื ื™ ืœื•ื”ื˜ืช ื•ืžื—ืžื™ืื”, ื‘ืคืจื™ื ื˜ ืฉืžืฉืชืœื‘ ื‘ื”ืจืžื•ื ื™ื” ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช ืขื ื”ื ื•ืฃ. ื’ื ื”ื™ืื›ื˜ื” ื”ื™ื ืื—ืœื” ืืงืกืกื•ืจื™

ืื™ืš ื”ื™ื ืื•ื”ื‘ืช ืœื”ืคืชื™ืข ื•ืœื—ื“ืฉ: ื ื™ื ื˜ ื˜ื™ื™ื‘ ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืฆืœื™ื—ื” ืœื”ื“ื”ื™ื ื‘ืœื•ืง ืขืชื™ื“ื ื™, ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ื–ื™ื ื” (ืื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ื ื›ื•ืŸ ื ื™ื ื”) ื”ื ืกื™ื›ื” ื”ืœื•ื—ืžืช. ื˜ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื‘ืฉื” ืื•ื‘ืจื•ืœ ืžื˜ืืœื™ ืขื ื—ืœืง ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืกื’ื ื•ืŸ ืžื˜ืื“ื•ืจื™ ื‘ื”ืฉืจืืช ืœื•ื—ืžื™ ื”ืฉื•ื•ืจื™ื. ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืชื” ืจื’ืข ื“ืœ

ื›ืฉื”ืžืฉืคื™ืขื ื™ืช ื•ืžืขืฆื‘ืช ื”ืื•ืคื ื” ื’ื™ืœืชื” ืฉื”ื™ื ืืžื•ืจื” ืœืœื“ืช ืงืฆืช ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืฉืงืช ืงื•ืœืงืฆื™ื™ืช ื‘ื’ื“ื™ ื”ื™ื ื”ื—ื“ืฉื” ืฉืœื”, ื”ื™ื ื—ืฉื‘ื” ืฉืœื ืชื•ื›ืœ ืœื“ื’ืžืŸ ืื•ืชื” โ€“ ืื‘ืœ ื”ืชื‘ื“ืชื”. ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื™ื ื™ ื˜ืจื ื“ื™, ื‘ื’ื“ ื™ื ืฉืœื ื•ืฉืžืœืช ื—ื•ืฃ ืฉืงืคืงืคื” ื”ื™ื ื ืจืื™ืช ืžื“ื”ื™ื, ื•ืœื ื—ื•ืฉืฉืช ืœื—ืฉื•ืฃ ืืช ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืฉืขื‘ืจื• ืขืœ ื’ื•ืคื”

ื›ื ืจืื” ืœื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืฉืœ ื”ืชื™ื™ืขืœื•ืช ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช, ืืœื ื‘ืขื•ื“ ื’ื™ืžื™ืง ืงืจื“ืฉื™ืื ื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ืœืžืขืฉื” ืžืขื ื” ืขืœ ืฆื•ืจืš (ืื•ืงื™, ืจืฆื•ืŸ) ืืžื™ืชื™: ืงื™ื ืžื“ื’ืžื ืช ืืช ืงื•ืœืงืฆื™ื™ืช ื”"ืžื™ืงืจื•" ืฉืœ ืกืงื™ืžืก, ืฉืžืชื›ืชื‘ืช ืขื ื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ืกื™ื™ื“-ื‘ื•ื‘, ื”ืื ื“ืจ-ื‘ื•ื‘ ื•ื›ืœ ืฉืืจ ื”ืžื—ืฉื•ืคื™ื ืฉื ื•ืฆืจื™ื ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžืคืจื™ื˜ื™ื ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ืงื˜ื ื” ืžื“ื™