ืจืืฉื™ ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช FF

ื ื™ืงื•ืœ ืงื™ื“ืžืŸ ื•ื‘ืขืœื” ืงื™ืช' ืื•ืจื‘ืŸ ืžื‘ืœื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ืคืฉืช ื—ื’ ืžื•ืœื“ ื‘ืื•ืกื˜ืจืœื™ื” ื•ืžืขืœื™ื ืกืœืคื™ ื–ื•ื’ื™ ื“ื‘ื™ืง ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“. ืคืจื˜ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืžื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื”ืื™ืฉื™ืช ืฉืœ ื ื™ืงื•ืœ ื ื›ื— ื‘ืกืœืคื™ ื”ื–ื•ื’ื™: ื”ืชืœืชืœื™ื ืฉืœื” ืฉืœื ื ืฆืคื• ื”ืžื•ืŸ ืฉื ื™ื ืžืื– ื”ื–ื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื” ืขื ื˜ื•ื ืงืจื•ื–

ื—ืœืง ืžื—ื ื•ื™ื•ืช ืจืฉืช ืืงืกืกื•ืจื™ื™ื– ื™ื”ืคื›ื• ืœืกื ื™ืคื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื•ืชื’ ื”ืื™ืคื•ืจ ืงื™ืงื• ืžื™ืœื ื• โ€ข ืจื•ืŸ ืจื•ื˜ืจ, ื”ืžืฉื ื” ืœืžื ื›"ืœ ืงืกื˜ืจื•-ื”ื•ื“ื™ืก: "ื”ืžื˜ืจื” - ืœื”ืชืžืงื“ ื‘ืคืขื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืœื™ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ื•ืœื”ืชื ืชืง ืžืคืขื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืื™ื ืŸ ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ื•ืช ืžืกืคื™ืง"

ืœื ืฉื‘ื”ื›ืจื— ืฆื™ืคื™ื ื• ืœืคื—ื•ืช, ืื‘ืœ ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ ื”"ืื ื‘ื•ืงืกื™ื ื’" ืฉืœ ืžืชื ื•ืช ื”ื—ื’ ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœื” ืงื™ื™ืœื™ ื’'ื ืจ ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช ื”ืฆืœื™ื— ืœื”ืฉืื™ืจ ืื•ืชื ื• ื”ืžื•ืžื•ืช: ื”ืฉืœืœ ื›ื•ืœืœ ืœื ืคื—ื•ืช ืžื—ืžื™ืฉื” ืชื™ืงื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ืชื’ ื”ื™ื•ืงืจืชื™ ื‘ืขื•ืœื, ืขื’ื™ืœื™ ื™ื”ืœื•ืžื™ื, ืฆืžื™ื“ ื™ื”ืœื•ืžื™ื, ื•ืขื•ื“ ืœื ื”ื’ืขื ื• ืœืžืชื ืช ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ื”ื“ื•ืœืจื™ื ืฉืœ ืกื˜ื•ืจืžื™ ื‘ืช ื”ืฉื ื” ื•ื—ืฆื™

ื”"ื›ืœื” ืžืื™ืกื˜ื ื‘ื•ืœ" ืื•ืžื ื ื”ืกืชื™ื™ืžื” ืื‘ืœ ืืกืžื” ืกื•ืœื˜ืŸ ืชื™ืฉืืจ ื‘ืœื™ื‘ื ื• ืœืขื“. ืžื’ื–ื™ืŸ ื”ืื•ืคื ื” "ื‘ื™ื™ืกื“" ื‘ื—ืจ ื‘ื›ื•ื›ื‘ืช ื”ืžื•ืขืจื›ืช, ืื™ืคืง ื‘ืœื’ื™ืŸ, ื‘ืช ื”- 63 ืœื”ืคืงืช ืื•ืคื ื” ืื“ื’'ื™ืช ื•ืžืœืื” ื‘ืกื˜ื™ื™ืœ. ืชื’ื™ื“ื• ืฉืœื•ื ืœืืกืžื” ื—ื“ืฉื” ื•ื ื•ืขื–ืช

ื”ื“ื•ื›ืกื™ืช ื”ื’ื™ืขื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœืชืžื•ืš ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื™ื™ืœื“ื•ืช, ื‘ืฉืžืœื” ืžื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืชื’ ื”ืื”ื•ื‘ ืขืœื™ื” ื•ืขืœ ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ื•ืช. ื™ืฉ ืœื” ืคืจื™ื ื˜ ื’ื™ืื•ืžื˜ืจื™ ื•ื’ื–ืจื” ืžื—ืžื™ืื” ื‘ืงื• ื”ืžื•ืชืŸ โ€“ ืื‘ืœ ืื– ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืงืœืงืœื” ืืช ื”ื”ื•ืคืขื” ืขื ืืงืกืกื•ืจื™ ืžื™ื•ืฉืŸ ื•ืžื›ื‘ื™ื“. ืœื ื—ื‘ืœ?

ืžื™ื›ืœ ืœื•ื™ ืืจื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืขื™ืชื•ื ืื™ืช ืื•ืคื ื” ื‘ื™ื“ื™ืขื•ืช ืขื“ ืฉื ืžืืก ืœื” ืœื›ืชื•ื‘ ืขืœ ื—ื•ืœืฆื•ืช ื‘-29.90. ืฉืœื™ ื’ืจื•ืก ื”ื—ืœื™ืคื” ืื•ืชื”, ืื‘ืœ ื’ื ื”ื™ื ืœื ื”ืจื’ื™ืฉื” ื‘ื ื•ื— ืขื ื ื–ืงื™ ื”ืื•ืคื ื” ื”ืžื”ื™ืจื”. ื›ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ืžื” ืฉื ื™ื ื•ืœืคื—ื•ืช ื—ืžืฉ ื—ื•ืœืฆื•ืช ืคืกื™ื ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืŸ ื—ื‘ืจื• ื™ื—ื“ ืœื›ืชื™ื‘ืช ื”ืกืคืจ "ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืงืฆืจื™ื, ืืœ ืชืงื ื™ ืืช ื”ื ืขืœื™ื™ื" ืฉื—ื•ื’ื’ ืืช ืžื” ืฉื‘ืืžืช ื—ืฉื•ื‘ โ€“ ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื ื™ืคื™ื ื‘ืœื™ ืชืืจื™ืš ืชืคื•ื’ื” ื•ื‘ืœื™ ืจื’ืฉื•ืช ืืฉื

ืœื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืžืฉื”ื• ื ื’ื“ ื—ื ื•ื›ื”, ื—ืœื™ืœื” - ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื—ื’ ื—ื•ืจืคื™ ืงืกื•ื ืฉื›ื•ืœืœ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืฉื™ืจื™ื ื•ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืื›ืœื™ื ืžื˜ื•ื’ื ื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื ืœื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืžืกืคืง ืืช ืจื’ืขื™ ื”ืกื˜ื™ื™ืœ ื”ื›ื™ืคื™ื™ื ื•ื”ืคื•ื˜ื•ื’ื ื™ื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื‘ื”ื ื›ืœ ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืขื•ืœื” ืขืœ ืคื™ื’'ืžื•ืช ืชื•ืืžื•ืช ื•ืžื—ืœื™ืคื” ืžืชื ื•ืช. ืžื–ืœ ืฉื”ืื™ื ืกื˜ื’ืจื ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœื ื• ืœื—ืœื•ืง (ื‘ืขืจืš) ืืช ื”ื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ื”ื–ืืช ืขื ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ื’'ื ืจ, ื—ื“ื™ื“, ื‘ืงื”ืื ื•ืขื•ื“

ืฉื ืชื” ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ืฉืœ ืžื™ื™ื’ืŸ ืžืจืงืœ ื‘ื—ื™ืง ื”ืžืœื•ื›ื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ืคื—ื•ืช ืืงืกื˜ืจื•ื•ื’ื ื˜ื™ืช ืžื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”. ื‘ืฉื ืช 2019 ื”ื•ืฆื™ืื” ืžืจืงืœ ืจืง ื—ืฆื™ ืžื”ืกื›ื•ื ืฉื”ื•ืฆื™ืื• ื‘ืฉื ื” ื”ืงื•ื“ืžืช ืขืœ ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื, ื ืขืœื™ื™ื ื•ืชื›ืฉื™ื˜ื™ื. ื‘ืกื›ื•ื ื”ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื ื›ืœืœ ื›ืœ ืืื•ื˜ืคื™ื˜ ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžืžื•ื—ื–ืจ, ื ืขืœื™ื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช, ืืงืกืกื•ืจื™ื– ื•ืชื›ืฉื™ื˜ื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื ื‘ื”ืฉืืœื” ืžื”ืืจื•ืŸ ื”ืžืœื›ื•ืชื™

ื™ื•ื ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืงื™ื™ืœื™ ื•ืกื˜ื•ืจืžื™ ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืœื•ื›ื” ืงืจื“ืฉื™ืืŸ-ื’'ื ืจ ื”ืฉื™ืงื• ืืช ืœื•ืง ื—ื’ ื”ืžื•ืœื“ ื”ืื™ื–ืžืจื’ื“ื™ ื•ื”ื ื•ืฆืฅ ืฉืœื”ืŸ, ื’ื ื‘ื ื•ืช ื”ืžืœื•ื›ื” ื”ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™ื•ืช ืžืฆื˜ืจืคื•ืช ืœื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ืžื™ื ื™ ืžื™ ื‘ื’ื•ื•ื ื™ ื™ืจื•ืง ืืฉื•ื—, ื•ืžืœื•ื•ืช ืืช ืกื‘ืชื ืืœื™ื–ื‘ืช ืœื›ื ืกื™ื” ื‘ืืื•ื˜ืคื™ื˜ื™ื ืžืฉืœื™ืžื™ื, ื—ื’ื™ื’ื™ื™ื ื•ืžืชื•ืงื™ื ืžืื™ ืคืขื

ื›ืจื™ืกืžืก ืชืžื™ื“ ืžืกืคืง ืจื’ืขื™ื ืคื•ื˜ื•ื’ื ื™ื™ื, ื•ื’ื ื”ืฉื ื” ื”ื•ื ืœื ืžืื›ื–ื‘. ื”ืœื•ืง ื”ื—ื‘ื™ื‘ ืขืœื™ื ื• ืขื“ ื›ื”: ื–ื” ืฉืœ ืงื™ื™ืœื™ ื•ืกื˜ื•ืจืžื™ ื‘ืฉืžืœื•ืช ืชื•ืืžื•ืช ืฉื ืชืคืจื• ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืขื‘ื•ืจืŸ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ืช ืื•ืคื ื” ื™ื•ืงืจืชื™. ืืžื ื‘ืฉืกืข ืžื˜ื•ืจืฃ ื•ืžื—ืฉื•ืฃ ื ื“ื™ื‘, ื”ืคืขื•ื˜ื” ื‘ื’ืจืกืช ื”ืงื˜ื ื˜ื ื™ื, ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ื•ืœืกื™ื ืกื•ืคื’ื ื™ื•ืช ื•ื ืžืกื™ื

ืื‘ืœ ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืžืฉ ืกื•ืœื—ื•ืช ืœื”, ื›ื™ ื”ืจื™ ื’ื ืœื“ืขืช ืžืžื™ ืœื”ืขืชื™ืง ื–ื• ื—ื•ื›ืžื”, ื•ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื›ื™ ื™ืฆื ืœื” ืžื”ืžื: ื ืกื™ื›ืช ืฉื•ื•ื“ื™ื” ืฉื™ื’ืจื” ื‘ืจื›ืช ื—ื’ ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื ืžืฉื—ื–ืจืช ืืช ืืื•ื˜ืคื™ื˜ ื”ื›ืจื™ืกืžืก ืฉืœ ื”ื“ื•ื›ืกื™ืช ืžืฉื ื” ืฉืขื‘ืจื”, ื•ืœื ืขืฆืจื” ืฉื - ื’ื ื”ื ืกื™ื›ื™ื ื”ืงื˜ื ื™ื ื ืจืื™ื ืงืฆืช ื›ืžื• ืฉืืžื ืžื™ื“ืœื˜ื•ืŸ ืื•ื”ื‘ืช ืœื”ืœื‘ื™ืฉ ืืช ืฉืœื”

ืœืคื ื™ ืžืกืคืจ ื™ืžื™ื ืงื™ื ื”ืขืœืชื” ืœื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื”ืื™ื ืกื˜ื’ืจื ืฉืœื” ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืชื ื•ืช ืขื˜ื•ืคื•ืช ื‘ื‘ื“ ืงื˜ื™ืคื” ื‘ื”ื™ืจ, ื•ื›ืขืช ื”ื™ื ื ืฆืคืชื” ื‘ืฉืžืœื” ืฉื ืจืื™ืช ื›ืื™ืœื• ื ืชืคืจื” ืžืื•ืชื• ื”ื‘ื“ ืžืžืฉ. ืฆื™ืจื•ืฃ ืžืงืจื™ื, ืื• ื—ืกื›ื ื•ืช ืžืจืฉื™ืžื”?

ื‘ืชืžื•ื ืช ื”ื›ืจื™ืกืžืก ื”ืžืกื•ืจืชื™ืช ืฉืœ ืžืฉืคื—ืช ื”ืžืœื•ื›ื” ื”ืœื‘ื™ืฉื• ืžื™ื™ื’ืŸ ื•ื”ืืจื™ ืืช ื‘ื™ื™ื‘ื™ ืืจืฆ'ื™ ื‘ืกื•ื•ื“ืจ ืžืชื•ืง ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ืชื’ ื‘ื•ื“ืŸ. ื”ืžื•ืชื’ ื”ื•ื ืื—ื“ ื”ื—ื‘ื™ื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ื“ื•ื“ืชื• ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืžื™ื“ืœื˜ื•ืŸ, ืฉืืฃ ืœื‘ืฉื” ืฉืžืœื” ืฉืœื• ืžืžืฉ ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื” ื‘ืฆื™ืœื•ืžื™ ื›ืจื˜ื™ืก ื”ื—ื’ ืฉืœื” ืขื ื•ื•ื™ืœื™ืื ื•ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื

ื ื—ืชื ื”ื”ืกื›ื ืœืžื›ื™ืจืช 50% ืžืงื ื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืื•ืคื ื” ื•ื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ื”ื›ืœื•ืœื” ื‘ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ื‘ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ ืœื™ื“ื™ ืจื‘ื•ืข ื ื“ืœ"ืŸ ืฉืœ ืžื•ื˜ื™ ื‘ืŸ ืžืฉื” โ€ข ื‘ืชืžื•ืจื” ืœืžื ื™ื•ืช ืชืงื‘ืœ ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ื’ื™ื ื“ื™ 225 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืงืœ ื‘ืžื–ื•ืžืŸ, ืฉื™ื•ื’ื“ืจ ื›ืคื™ืจืขื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืžืจื‘ื™ืช ื”ืœื•ื•ืื•ืช ื”ื‘ืขืœื™ื ืฉื”ื–ืจื™ืžื” ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืฉื ื™ื ืœื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜

ืžืฉืคื—ืช ืงืจื“ื™ืฉื™ืืŸ ื ืžืฆืืช ื‘ื—ื•ืคืฉืช ื”ื›ืจื™ืกืžืก ื‘ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง. ืงื™ื ืœืงื—ื” ืืช ื ื•ืจืช' ื‘ืช ื”ืฉืฉ ื•ืกื™ื™ื ื˜ ื‘ืŸ ื”ืืจื‘ืข ืœืคืจื™ืžื™ื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ืคืจื•ื–ืŸ 2. ืขื ื›ืœ ื”ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืœืงื™ื, ื ื•ืจืช' ืœื’ืžืจื™ ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืขื ืžื’ืคื•ื ื™ื ืœื‘ื ื™ื, ืฉืจืฉืจืช ืคื ื™ื ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืฆื•ื•ืืจ ื•ืชื™ืง ื‘ืจืงื™ืŸ ืžืฉื•ื’ืข ื‘ืœื‘ืŸ