ืจืืฉื™ ืขื•ื“ ื‘-FF

ื”ืื ืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ืืžืช ืฆืจื™ื›ื•ืช ืขื•ื“ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืงื•ืกืžื˜ื™ ืฉืžื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืœื˜ืฉื˜ืฉ ืืช ืกื™ืžื ื™ ื”ื’ื™ืœ, ื•ืขืœ ื”ื“ืจืš ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœื ื• ืœื”ืชืื‘ืกืก ืขืœ ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืขื“ ืืชืžื•ืœ ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื ืฉืžื ื• ืœื‘ ืืœื™ื•? ืžืกืชืžืŸ ืฉื›ืŸ, ื›ื™ ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ืงื•ืกืžื˜ื™ืงื” ืžืฆื™ืขื” ืœื ื• "ื”ืฆืขืจืช ื™ื“ื™ื™ื". ื›ืŸ, ื”ื”ื–ืจืงื•ืช ื”ื’ื™ืขื• ื’ื ืœื’ื‘ ื›ืฃ-ื”ื™ื“. ืื™ืš ื–ื” ืขื•ื‘ื“, ื›ืžื” ื–ื” ืขื•ืœื” โ€“ ื•ื”ืื ื”ืžืจืื” ื”ืžื•ืฆืขืจ ื‘ืืžืช ืฉื•ื•ื” ืืช ื”ืกื›ื•ืžื™ื, ืืช ื”ื”ืชืขืกืงื•ืช, ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื‘ื ืฉืœื ื ืื”ื‘ ื‘ืขืฆืžื ื•?

ืจืง ืœืคื ื™ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื ื™ืฉืื• ื’'ื ื™ืคืจ ืœื•ืคื– ื•ื‘ืŸ ืืคืœืง ื‘ื•ื•ื’ืืก ื›ืฉืœื•ืคื– ืœื•ื‘ืฉืช ืฉืชื™ ืฉืžืœืช ื›ืœื” ืžื˜ืจื™ืคื•ืช. ื•ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข, ื ื™ืฉืื• ื”ื–ื•ื’ ื‘ืฉื ื™ืช ื‘ื‘ื™ืชื• ืฉืœ ืืคืœืง ื‘ื’'ื•ืจื’'ื™ื” ื•ืœื•ืคื– ืœื‘ืฉื” ืœื ืคื—ื•ืช ืžืฉืœื•ืฉ ืฉืžืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ืจืืœืฃ ืœื•ืจืŸ ืฉืขื•ืฆื‘ื• ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืขื‘ื•ืจื”. ื”ืื ื—ืžืฉ ืฉืžืœื•ืช ื–ื” ืžื•ื’ื–ื? ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœื”ื ื”ืื”ื‘ื” ื”ืžื—ื•ื“ืฉืช ืื—ืจื™ ืขืฉืจื™ื ืฉื ื” ืžื ืฆื—ืช ื”ื›ืœ

ืฉืจื” ื”ื™ื™ืœื ื“, ื›ื•ื›ื‘ืช "ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ืช", ื”ืชื—ืชื ื” ืขื ื•ื•ืœืก ืื“ืืžืก ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ ืฉืชื™ื›ื ื ื• ื‘ืžืงื•ืจ. ื”ื›ืœื” ืœื‘ืฉื” ืฉืชื™ ืฉืžืœื•ืช ืžื—ืžื™ืื•ืช ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืฉืœ ื•ื•ืจื” ื•ื ื’ ื•ื ืจืืชื” ื›ืžื• ื›ืœื” ืžื”ืื’ื“ื•ืช

ืขื ืงืจื™ื™ืจื” ื ืื” ื‘ืชื•ืจ ืฉื—ืงื ื™ืช, ืžื’ื™ืฉืช ืจื“ื™ื• ื•ื˜ืœื•ื•ื™ื–ื™ื” ื•ื“ื•ื’ืžื ื™ืช, ืื‘ื™ื” ืžืœื›ื” ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื•ื›ื™ื—ื” ืœื ื• ืœื ืคืขื ืฉื”ื™ื ืื—ืช ื”ืžืชืœื‘ืฉื•ืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืืจืฅ. ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื”ื–ื” ื”ื™ื ื™ื™ืฉืžื” ืืช ื”ืกื˜ื™ื™ืœ ื”ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ ืฉืœื” ื‘ืื™ืจื•ืข ื—ื“ ืคืขืžื™ - ื”ื—ืชื•ื ื” ืฉืœื”

ื”ื“ื•ื’ืžื ื™ืช ื“ืคื ื™ ื’ืจื•ื ื•ื•ืœื“ ืชืžื™ื“ ื™ื“ืขื” ืฉืฉืžืœืช ื”ื›ืœื” ืฉืœื” ืชื”ื™ื” 'ืคืฉื•ื˜ื” ืื‘ืœ ืฉื™ืงื™ืช'. ืœื—ืชื•ื ื” ื”ืื™ื˜ืœืงื™ืช ืฉืœื” ื”ื™ื ื‘ื—ืจื” ื‘ืฉืžืœืช ื›ืชืคื™ื•ืช ืžื™ื ื™ืžืœื™ืกื˜ื™ืช ื•ื–ื•ื”ืจืช ืฉืœ ืžืขืฆื‘ืช ืฉืžืœื•ืช ื”ื›ืœื” ื•ื”ืขืจื‘ ื’ืœื™ื” ืœื”ื‘. ืœื”ื‘ ื”ื•ืคืงื“ื” ื’ื ืขืœ ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ื”ืฉืžืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื“ืคื ื™- ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ืŸ ื“ื•ื’ืžื ื™ื•ืช ืขืœ ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช ื›ืžื• ื˜ื™ื™ืœื•ืจ ื”ื™ืœ. ื›ื›ื” ื ืจืื” ื“ื™ื•ืง ืื•ืคื ืชื™ ืขืœ-ื–ืžื ื™

ืœื•ืจืŸ ืจื•ื“ืจื™ื’ื– ื”ื™ื ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืงื™ืช ืืžื ื•ืชื™ืช ืขื ืขืกืง ืœืคืจื™ื˜ื™ ื•ื™ื ื˜ื’', ื•ืฉืžืœื•ืช ื”ื›ืœื” ืฉืœ ื”ื—ืชื•ื ื” ื”ืžื’ื ื™ื‘ื” ืฉืœื” ืชืืžื• ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืืช ื”ืื•ืคื™ ืฉืœื” ื•ืฉืœ ื‘ืŸ ื–ื•ื’ื” ื”ืฆื™ื™ืจ. ืจื•ื“ืจื™ื’ื– ื”ืชืื”ื‘ื” ื‘ืฉืžืœืช ืžื—ื•ืš ื•ื™ื ื˜ื’'ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื•ื™ื•ื™ืืŸ ื•ื•ืกื˜ื•ื•ื“, ืื•ืชื” ื”ื—ืœื™ืคื” ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืคื™ืก ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ ืžืคืื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืื•ืคื ื” ืฉืื ืœ. ื”ืื ื–ืืช ื”ื—ืชื•ื ื” ื”ืงื•ืœื™ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืจืื™ื ื•? ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื›ืŸ

ื”ื—ืชื•ื ื” ื”ืจืฉืžื™ืช ืฉืœื” ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื ืขืจื›ื” ื‘ื•ื•ื’ืืก ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื›ืคื™ืœ ืฉืœ ืืœื‘ื™ืก - ืื‘ืœ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืจืฆื•ืช ืืช ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื”, ื”ืกื˜ื™ื™ืœืกื™ื˜ื™ืช ื”ื‘ืจืœื™ื ืื™ืช ืจื™ื™ืฆ'ืœ ืจื•ื“ื’'ืจืก ื”ืจื™ืžื” ืื™ืจื•ืข ื’ื ื‘ื ืืคื•ืœื™, ืื•ืชื• ื”ื™ื ืžืชืืจืช ื›"ื›ืื•ืก". ื”ื™ื ืฆืขื“ื” ืœื—ื•ืคื” ืขื ื”ื™ื ื•ืžื” ื‘ืื•ืจืš 17 ืžื˜ืจ, ื˜ื™ื™ืฅ ื•ืžื—ื•ืš ืฉื’ืจื ืœื›ื•ืœื ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉื”ื™ื ื‘ื”ืจื™ื•ืŸ - ืื‘ืœ ืื– ื”ื’ื™ืข ื”ื‘ื™ืงื™ื ื™

ืื’ื ืงื•ืงื ืœื™, ื›ื•ื›ื‘ืช ื”ืกื“ืจืช ื”ื˜ื•ืจืงื™ื•ืช ืขื ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ืขื•ืงื‘ื™ื ื‘ืื™ื ืกื˜ื’ืจื, ื”ืชื—ืชื ื” ืขื ืื™ืฉ ื”ืขืกืงื™ื ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ ืœื™ืื•ืจ ืื—ื™ื˜ื•ื‘. ืื’ื ื‘ื—ืจื” ื‘ืžืขืฆื‘ืช ืขื ื‘ืœ ื“ืจื•ืจ ืœืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ื”ืฉืžืœื•ืช ืฉืœื” ื•ื–ื” ื™ืฆื ืžื“ื”ื™ื. "ื”ื™ื ื›ืœื” ืงืœื™ืœื” ื•ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื”, ื”ื’ื™ืขื” ืœืืจืฅ ืœืžื“ื™ื“ื•ืช ื•ื—ื–ืจื” ืœื˜ื•ืจืงื™ื” ืœื”ืชื—ืชืŸ". ื›ืœ ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืฉืžืœื•ืช ืฉืœื‘ืฉื” ื‘ื—ืชื•ื ื” ื•ื‘ื—ื’ื™ื’ื•ืช ืฉืœืคื ื™

ืขืœ ืืฃ ืฉื”ื™ื ืžื›ื™ืจื” ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ืืช ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ืื•ืคื ื”, ืœืžืคืืœื“ื” ืคื˜ืจื™ืกื™ื• ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื•ื™ื–'ืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืื™ืš ืชืจืื” ืฉืžืœืช ื”ื›ืœื” ืฉืœื”. ื”ืกื˜ื™ื™ืœื™ืกื˜ื™ืช ื”ืคื•ืจื˜ื•ื’ืœื™ืช ื‘ื—ืจื” ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื‘ืฉืชื™ ืฉืžืœื•ืช: ื”ืฉืžืœื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืขื•ืฆื‘ื” ื‘ื”ืฉืจืืช ืฉื ื•ืช ื”-20 ืขื ืจืงืžืช ืงืจื™ืกื˜ืœื™ื, ื•ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ืกื™ืžื ื” ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืœื’ืžืจื™ ืื—ืจ ืขื ื—ืœืง ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฆืžื•ื“ ื•ื—ืฆืื™ืช ื‘ืœื•ืŸ ื‘ืื•ืจืš ืžื™ื ื™

ื”ื“ื•ื’ืžื ื™ืช ื”ื ื•ืจื•ื•ื’ื™ืช ืคืจื™ื“ื” ืืกืŸ ื ื™ืฉืื” ืœื‘ืŸ ื–ื•ื’ื” ื‘ื˜ืงืก ืฉื ืขืจืš ื‘ืคื•ืจื˜ื•ืคื™ื ื• ืฉื‘ืื™ื˜ืœื™ื” ื‘ื—ืชื•ื ื” ืžื”ืื’ื“ื•ืช. ื”ื›ืœื” ื”ื—ืœื™ืคื” ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืฉืžืœื•ืช ืฉื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื ืœืงื—ื” ืžืฉื‘ื•ืข ื”ืื•ืคื ื” ื‘ืคืจื™ื– ื•ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช ื”ื’ื™ืขื” ื™ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืžื™ืฉืจืืœ

ืฉื™ ืฉื’ื™ื ื”ืคื›ื” ืืžืฉ ืœืืฉืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ื–ืžืจ ืจื•ืชื ื›ื”ืŸ ื‘ื—ืชื•ื ื” ืžื•ืฉืงืขืช ืขืชื™ืจืช ืื•ืจื—ื™ื ืžืคื•ืจืกืžื™ื. ื”ื›ืœื” ื‘ื™ืงืฉื” ืžื”ืžืขืฆื‘ืช ืฉืœื•ืžื™ืช ืื–ืจื“ ืฉืžืœื” ื‘ืžืจืื” ืงืœืืกื™, ืืœื’ื ื˜ื™ ื•ื ืงื™, ื•ื ืจืืชื” ื ืคืœื ื‘ืฉืžืœืช ืžืฉื™ ื’ืœืืžื™ืช ืขื ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ื™ ืชื—ืจื” ืขื“ื™ื ื™ื. ืฉืžื ื• ืขื™ืŸ ื’ื ืขืœ ืžื—ืฉื•ืฃ ื”ื’ื‘ ื”ืžืฉื’ืข ื•ืขืœ ืžืจืื” ื”ื‘ื™ื•ื˜ื™ ื”ืขื“ื™ืŸ ืฉื”ื—ืžื™ื ืœื” ื‘ื˜ื™ืจื•ืฃ

ื’'ื ื™ืคืจ ืœื•ืคื– ื”ืชื—ืชื ื” ื‘ื—ืฉืื™ ืขื ื‘ืŸ ืืคืœืง ื‘ืฉืžืœืช ื›ืœื” ืกื•ืคืจ ืžืคืชื™ืขื” ื‘ืคืฉื˜ื•ืชื” ืœืœื ืฉืจื•ื•ืœื™ื ืฉื—ื™ื›ืชื” ืœื” ืฉื ื™ื ื‘ืืจื•ืŸ. ื”ืฉืžืœื” ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื’'ื™ื™ ืœื• ื‘ืžื”ื•ืชื”, ืขื ืฉืจื•ื•ืœื™ ืชื—ืจื” ืืจื•ื›ื™ื, ืฉื•ื‘ืœ ืืจื•ืš ื•ื”ื™ื ื•ืžืช ืชื—ืจื” ืชื•ืืžืช

ื—ื›ื• ืขื ื”ื’ื•ื’ืœ - ืืชื ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ืื•ืชื” ืž"ืžื’ืจืฉ ื‘ื™ืชื™", ืกื“ืจืช ื”ืœื”ื™ื˜ ืžืชื—ื™ืœืช ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ืืœืคื™ื™ื, ืฉืขืœ ื”ืกื˜ ืฉืœื” ื’ื ื”ื›ื™ืจื” ืืช ื‘ืขืœื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ - ืฆ'ืื“ ืžื™ื™ืงืœ ืžืืจื™. ืœืคื ื™ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื ื™ืฉืื” ื‘ื•ืฉ ื‘ืช ื”-40 ื‘ืฉื ื™ืช, ื•ืื™ืš ืฉืืžืจื” ื›ืŸ ืœื”ืฆืขืช ื”ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ื ื›ื‘ืจ ื™ื“ืขื” ืื™ืš ืชื™ืจืื” ื”ืฉืžืœื” ืฉืœื”. ื”ืชื•ืฆืื” ื”ื™ื ืื—ืช ื”ื™ืคื•ืช ื•ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื•ืช ืฉืจืื™ื ื•

ื›ืคืืฉื ื™ืกื˜ื” ืฉื—ื™ื” ื•ื ื•ืฉืžืช ืื•ืคื ื”, ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ืฉืžืœืช ื›ืœื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืžืœื—ื™ืฆื” ื•ืžื‘ืœื‘ืœืช ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืœื•ืกื™ ื•ื•ื™ืœื™ืืžืก. ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœื”ืชืคื–ืจ ื”ื™ื ื ืฆืžื“ื” ืœืงื• ืงืœืืกื™ ื•ืžื™ื ื™ืžืœื™ืกื˜ื™ ื•ื‘ื—ืจื” ื‘ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ื™ื ืžืจื”ื™ื‘ื™ื ืฉืžืฉืงืคื™ื ืืช ืื™ืฉื™ื•ืชื”. ืžื˜ืข ื–ื™ืชื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืœื™ ืฉืžืžื•ืงื ื‘ืื™ ื”ื™ื•ื•ื ื™ ืื ื“ืจื•ืก ืฉื™ืžืฉ ื›ืœื•ืงื™ื™ืฉืŸ ื—ืœื•ืžื™ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื—ืชื•ื ื” ื”ืžืฆื•ืžืฆืžืช ื ื•ื˜ืคืช ื”ืกื˜ื™ื™ืœ

ื’'ื™ืœื™ืืŸ ืœื™ื ืฅ' ืขื•ืฉื” ืฉื•ืคื™ื ื’ ืจืง ื‘ื—ื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื™ื“ ืฉื ื™ื”, ื•ืชืžื™ื“ ืžืฉืชืคืช ืืช ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืขื ืขื•ืงื‘ื™ื” ื‘ื˜ื™ืงื˜ื•ืง. ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืฉื’ืจืชื™ ื›ื–ื”, ืฉื›ืœืœ ื’ื ืฉืžืœื” ืœื‘ื ื” ืื—ืช ืฉืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื ืžื›ืจืช ื‘ืืชืจ ืชืžื•ืจืช 770 ืฉืงืœื™ื, ื”ืคืš ืื•ืชื” ืœื›ืœื” ื”ื›ื™ ื•ื™ืจืืœื™ืช ื‘ืจืฉืช