ืจืืฉื™ ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื”ืื™ื˜ ื’ื™ืจืœืก

ื”ื™ื ืขื•ืžื“ืช ื‘ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืกื“ืจื” ื”ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจืช "ื”ืงื™ืฅ ืฉื‘ื• ื”ืคื›ืชื™ ืœื™ืคื”", ืงื•ื˜ืคืช ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื ื‘ืชื™ืื˜ืจื•ืŸ ื•ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ืืœื” ืžืฆื˜ืœืžืช ืœืฉื ื™ ืกืจื˜ื™ ืื™ืžื”. ืœื•ืœื” ื˜ืื ื’ ื”ื™ื ืฉื ืขื•ืœื” ื‘ื”ื•ืœื™ื•ื•ื“ โ€“ ื•ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœื“ืžื•ืช ื”ืžื–ื•ื”ื” ืื™ืชื”, ื”ื™ื ืžืžืฉ ืœื ืžืกืชืคืงืช ื‘ื’'ื™ื ืก ื•ื’ื•ืคื™ื™ื” ืœื‘ื ื”

ื”ืคืืฉื ื™ืกื˜ื” ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช ืžื›ื ื™ืกื” ืžืฉื‘ ืจื•ื— ืžืจืขื ืŸ ื•ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ ืœืคื™ื“ ื”ืื™ื ืกื˜ื’ืจื ื”ื‘ื ืืœื™. ื”ื™ื ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ืœืฉืœื‘ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืคืจื™ื˜ื™ ื™ื•ืงืจื”, ื•ื™ื ื˜ื’' ื•ืจืฉืชื•ืช, ืžืฉื“ืจืช ืžืจืื” ืงืœืืกื™-ืขืœ ื–ืžื ื™ ื•ื ื•ืชื ืช ืชืžื™ื“ ื ื’ื™ืขื” ืžื”ืกื˜ื™ื™ืœ ื”ืื™ืฉื™ ืฉืœื”. ืื ืขื•ื“ ืœื ื”ื›ืจืชื, ื–ื” ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื”ื–ืžืŸ

ืฉืžืœื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื•ืช, ื’'ื™ื ืกื™ื ื‘ื’ื–ืจื” ื ืžื•ื›ื”, ืื•ืกืฃ ืžืจืฉื™ื ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืœืฆื•ืช ื˜ื™ ืžื•ื“ืคืกื•ืช โ€“ ื•ื—ื•ืœืฉื” ื‘ืจื•ืจื” ืœื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืžืจื™ื— ื›ืžื• Y2K. ื”ืžืฉืคื™ืขื ื™ืช ื”ืฆืขื™ืจื” ืฉืžืฆืœื™ื—ื” ืœืกืคืง ืœื ื• ื”ืฉืจืื” ืื•ืคื ืชื™ืช ืื™ื ืกื•ืคื™ืช

ืฉืžืœื•ืช ืจื—ื‘ื•ืช, ืžื›ื ืกื™ ืงืฉื™ืจื”, ื‘ื’ื“ื™ ื™ื ื•ื ื’ื™ืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ืคืจื™ื ื˜ื™ื ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื โ€“ ืฆืœืœื ื• ืœื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื”ืื™ื ืกื˜ื’ืจื ืฉืœ ื”ื›ืœื” ื”ื™ืคื”ืคื™ื™ื” ืž"ื—ืชื•ื ืžื™" ื•ื’ื™ืœื™ื ื• ืฉื”ื™ื ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืื™ืš ืœื”ืชืœื‘ืฉ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืจื•ื“ ืืช ื”ื—ื•ื ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™

ืคืชืื•ื ื ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืจื•ืจ: ื”ื™ื•ื, ืื•ืœื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืชืžื™ื“, ื›ื•ืœืŸ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืจื•ืฆื•ืช ืœื”ื™ืจืื•ืช ื›ืžื• ื’'ืงื™ ืงื ื“ื™-ืื•ื ืืกื™ืก. ื ื›ื•ืŸ, ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืื•ืฉื™ื™ืช ืื•ืคื ื” ื ืฆื—ื™ืช ืฉื”ืฉืคืขืชื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืขืฆื•ืžื” ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืืžืช ื•ื ื•ืชืจื” ืื™ืงื•ื ื™ืช ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ, ืื‘ืœ ืžืฉื”ื• ื‘ืืกืชื˜ื™ืงื” ืฉื›ื•ื‘ืฉืช ื”ืขื•ื ื” ืืช ื”ืื™ื ืกื˜ื’ืจื ืžืชื›ืชื‘ ื™ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืขื "ื”ืชืงื•ืคื” ื”ื™ื•ื•ื ื™ืช" ืฉืœ ื’'ืงื™. ืงื‘ืœื• ืคืฆืฆืช ื”ืฉืจืื”

ื›ืฉืงืจื™ื™ืจืช ื”ื“ื•ื’ืžื ื•ืช ืฉืœื” ื‘ื ืกื™ืงื”, ืžื“ื™ื ื’ ื‘ืช ื”-25 ืงื˜ืคื” ืืช ื”ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื”ื ืฉื™ ื”ืจืืฉื™ ื‘ืกืจื˜ ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ ื”ื›ื™ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ. ื—ื•ืฅ ืžืžืจืื” ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ ื•ื›ื™ืฉืจื•ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืœื” ื’ื ืกื˜ื™ื™ืœ ื‘ืจื•ืจ ื•ืžื’ื•ื‘ืฉ, ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืžืœื•ืช ืขืจื‘, ื’'ื™ื ืก ื•ื˜ื™ ืฉื™ืจื˜ ื•ื‘ื’ื“ื™ ื—ื•ืฃ ื”ื™ื ืžืฆืœื™ื—ื” ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืชืžื™ื“ ืืžื™ืจื” ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ืช ืžืฉืœื” ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ืžืœืชื—ื”. ืฉื•ื•ื” ืœืฉื ืŸ ืืช ื”ืฉื, ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื ื›ืืŸ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื™ืฉืืจ

ืžื™ ืขื•ื“ ื™ื›ืœื” ืœื’ืœื ืืช ืœื™ื ื” ื“ื ื”ืื ืžืœื‘ื“ ืžื’ ืกื˜ืœื˜ืจ? ื”ืžืœืชื—ื” ืฉืœ ื›ื•ื›ื‘ืช ื”ืกื“ืจื” ื”ื—ื“ืฉื” "ืžื•ื’ื–ืžืช", ืžื’ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื” ื—ื•ืฉ ื”ื•ืžื•ืจ ืื‘ืœ ื’ื ื‘ืžื™ื ื•ืŸ ื’ื‘ื•ื” ืฉืœ ื“ื•ืคืžื™ืŸ, ืขื ืฆื‘ืขื™ื, ื’ื–ืจื•ืช ื•ืคืจื™ื ื˜ื™ื ื ื•ืขื–ื™ื. ื›ื›ื” ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืื•ืคื ื”

ืžืฉืคื™ืขื ื™ืช ื”ืื•ืคื ื” ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช ืฉื—ื™ื” ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช, ืžื“ื’ืžื ืช ืื•ืจื— ื—ื™ื™ื ืืงืกื˜ืจื”-ื™ื•ืงืจืชื™ ื•ืžื•ื›ืจืช ื›ืฆื™ื™ื“ืช ืชื™ืงื™ ื”ืจืžืก ืžืกื•ืจื”, ื™ืฆืื” ืœืžืกืข ืงื™ืฅ ืจืื•ื•ืชื ื™ ื‘ืกืคืจื“, ืื™ื˜ืœื™ื” ื•ืฆืจืคืช - ื•ืœืฆื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืจืงื™ืŸ, ื”ื‘ื•ื˜ื’ื” ื•ื”ืžื™ื• ืžื™ื• ืืจื–ื” ื’ื ืขืจื™ืžืช ืคืจื™ื˜ื™ื ืฉืขืœื• ืœื” ื“ื•ืœืจื™ื ื‘ื•ื“ื“ื™ื ื‘ืืชืจ ื”ืกื™ื ื™. ื”ื™ื ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืžืฉืชืคืช ื–ืืช ื‘ื’ืื•ื•ื” ื•ืืฃ ืžืคืจื’ื ืช ื‘ืœื™ื ืงื™ื

ืœื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื™ื•ื ื”ื•ืœื“ืชื” ื”-33, ื”ืžืฉืคื™ืขื ื™ืช ื˜ืกื” ืœื—ื•ืคืฉื” ื–ื•ื’ื™ืช ืžืคื ืงืช ืขื ื‘ืŸ ื–ื•ื’ื”, ืžืื•ืจ ื•ื™ืฆืžืŸ. ื”ืงื• ื”ืžื ื—ื” ื‘ื’ื–ืจืช ื”ืœื‘ื•ืฉ: ืฉืžืœื•ืช ืืœื’ื ื˜ื™ื•ืช, ืžืื•ื•ืจืจื•ืช ื•ื ื•ืขื–ื•ืช, ืฉื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืฉืชื™ื”ืŸ ืžืื•ืชื• ืžื•ืชื’ ื™ืฉืจืืœื™

ืงืฆืช ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื”ื—ื–ื™ืจื” ืื•ืชื ื• ืืœ ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ื–ื•ื”ืจ ืฉืœ ื˜ื•ื ืคื•ืจื“ ื‘ื’ื•ืฆ'ื™ ืขื ืฉืžืœื” ื›ื—ื•ืœื” ื‘ื”ื“ืคืก ืžื ื•ื—ืฉ, ืืžื™ืœื™ ืจื˜ืื™ื™ืงื•ื‘ืกืงื™ ื—ื–ืจื” ืืœ ืื—ื“ ื”ืคื™ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื˜ื™ื ืฉืœื”: ื‘ื’ื“ ื™ื ืฉื—ื•ืจ ื‘ื’ื–ืจื” ืžืืชื’ืจืช ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืฉืžื’ื™ืข ืžื”ืžื•ืชื’ ืฉืœื”. ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ื‘ื“ื•ืจื”

ื”ื‘ืกื˜ื™ ืฉืœื” ื”ื™ื ื›ื•ื›ื‘ืช ื”ืคื•ืค ื”ืžืฉืคื™ืขื” ืฉืœ ื”ืชืงื•ืคื”, ื”ืืจื•ืก ืฉืœื” ื”ื•ื ืจื•ืงืกื˜ืืจ (ื•ืืงืก ืฉืœ ื˜ื™ื™ืœื•ืจ ืกื•ื•ื™ืคื˜), ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ - ื”ืคืจืฆื•ืฃ ืฉืœื” ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ืฉื›ื— ื•ื”ืกื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืฉืœื” ืœื ืžืฉืื™ืจ ืžืงื•ื ืœืกืคืง: ื’ื‘ืจื™ืื˜ ื”ืžืกืชื•ืจื™ืช ื•ื”ืืคืœื” ื”ื™ื ืื™ื˜ื’ื™ืจืœ ืขืœ ืืžืช, ืฉื“ื•ืจืฉืช ืžืขืงื‘ ืžืงืจื•ื‘

ื”ื“ื•ื’ืžื ื™ืช ื™ืฆืื” ืœื‘ื™ืœื•ื™ ื‘ื™ื ื•ืœืงื—ื” ืื™ืชื” ื‘ื™ืงื™ื ื™ ืžื•ืฆืœื— ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืชื•ืฆืจืช ื”ืืจืฅ, ืฉื›ื•ืœืœ ื’ื–ืจืช ืžืฉื•ืœืฉื™ื ืžื™ื ื™ืžืœื™ืกื˜ื™ืช, ื”ื“ืคืก ืคืจื—ื•ื ื™ ื•ืคืคื™ื•ื ื™ื ืžืชื•ืงื™ื ืœืงื™ื ื•ื—. ืื”ื‘ื ื• ื’ื ืืช ื”ืคื™ืจื’ื•ืŸ ืœืฆืœื ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื—ืžื•ื“, ื‘ื ื” ืฉืœ ืืœืžืœื™ื—

ืื—ืจื™ ืฉืจืžื–ื” ืขืœ ื–ื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื” ื•ืžืกืชื•ืจื™ืช, ื“ื ื™ืืœ ื’ืจื™ื ื‘ืจื’ ื˜ืกื” ืœื—ื•ืคืฉื” ื ื˜ื•ืœืช ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื‘ืžื™ืงื•ื ื•ืก. ื”ื™ื ืœืงื—ื” ืื™ืชื” ื‘ื’ื“ ื™ื ืœื ืฆืคื•ื™ ืฉืœ ืžืขืฆื‘ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช, ื•ื”ืžืฉื™ื›ื” ืืช ืื•ืชื• ื”ืงื• ืขื ืฉืžืœืช ืขืจื‘ ื›ื™ืคื™ืช ื‘ืื•ื•ื™ืจืช ืจื˜ืจื•. ืœื”ืชืื•ื•ืจืจ ื‘ืœื™ ืœื™ืคื•ืœ ืœืงืœื™ืฉืื•ืช ื”ืจื™ื–ื•ืจื˜ ื”ื‘ืจื•ืจื•ืช

ื”ื—ืชื•ื ื” ืชื™ืขืจืš ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื”ืงืจื•ื‘, ืื‘ืœ ืขื“ ืื– - ื›ื‘ืจ ืื™ืŸ ืœื“ืขืช ืœืžื” ืขื•ื“ ืœืฆืคื•ืช ืžื”ื›ืœื” ืงื™ื ืื•ืจ ืื–ื•ืœืื™ ื•ื›ื ื•ืคื™ื™ืช ื”ื‘ืกื˜ื™ื– ืฉืœื”. ืื—ืจื™ ื”ื—ื™ื ื” ื”ืžื˜ื•ืจืคืช, ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื–ื• ืžืกื™ื‘ืช ื”ืจื•ื•ืงื•ืช ืฉืžืกืคืงืช ืชืฆื•ื’ืช ื‘ื™ืงื™ื ื™ ืžืฉื’ืขืช ื‘ื›ื™ื›ื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉืœ ืื™ื˜ื’ื™ืจืœืก ื›ืžื• ืจื•ืžื™ ืคืจื ืงืœ ื•ืื ื‘ื•ื—ื‘ื•ื˜, ื›ืฉื”ื›ืœ ืงื•ืจื” ืขืœ ืฉืคืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ื›ื” ื‘ื•ื•ื™ืœื” ืฉืœ ืื•ืจ ืœื•ื–ื•ืŸ

ื’'ื ืจ ื ื™ืฆืœื” ืืช ืงืคื™ืฆืชื” ืœืื™ื˜ืœื™ื” ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืช ื—ืชื•ื ืช ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื‘ื–ื•ืก ื•ืกืื ืฆ'ื–, ื•ื”ืžืฉื™ื›ื” ืžื•ื•ื ืฆื™ื” ืืœ ื ื•ืคืฉ ืคื•ื˜ื•ื’ื ื™ ื‘ื™ืขื“ ืื™ื˜ืœืงื™ ื ื•ืกืฃ ื•ืžืกืชื•ืจื™. ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉื–ื” ื›ืจื•ืš ื‘ืจืฆืฃ ืœื•ืงื™ื ื”ื™ืกื˜ืจื™ ื‘ืื•ื•ื™ืจืช "ืœื” ื“ื•ืœืฆ'ื” ื•ื™ื˜ื”", ื›ื•ืœืœ ืฉื ื™ ื–ื•ื’ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืงื™ื ื™ ืœื•ื”ื˜ื™ื, ืžื˜ืคื—ืช ืจืืฉ ื”ื•ืจืกืช ื•ืกื˜ื•ืจืžื™ ืื—ืช ืฉื’ื ื”ื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ื ื”ื˜ืจื ื“