ืจืืฉื™ ืžืืžืจื™ื ืžืืช ื™ื•ื‘ืœ ืคื’ื™

ืืžื ื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืื™ืจื•ืข ืฉื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืœื ืžืชืืคื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื“ื™ ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืกื™ืคืง ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืกื•ืค"ืฉ ื›ืžื” ืœื•ืงื™ื ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ืฉื›ื—ื™ื, ื‘ืื“ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืžืœื›ื•ืช ืฉื”ืขื ื™ืงื• ืคืจืฉื ื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคืช ืœืžื™ืœื” "ื’ืื•ื•ื”" ื•ื‘ื—ืจื• ื‘ืืื•ื˜ืคื™ื˜ื™ื ืžื•ื’ื–ืžื™ื ื•ืžืขื•ืœื™ื ืฉื ื•ืฆืจื• ื›ื•ืœื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžืขืฆื‘ื™ื ืžืงื•ืžื™ื™ื

ื”ื›ื•ื›ื‘ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืžื•ื›ื™ื—ื” ืฉื•ื‘ ืืช ื—ื™ื‘ืชื” ืœืžืขืฆื‘ื™ื ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ื, ื•ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื”ื‘ื™ืื” ื’ืื•ื•ื” ื™ืงืจื” ืžืคื– ืœืืœื•ืŸ ืœื™ื‘ื ื” ื•ืขื ื‘ืœ ื“ืจื•ืจ - ืžืกืคืงืช ืœืžืขืจื™ืฆื™ื ื”ืฆืฆื” ืžืจื’ืฉืช ืœืจื’ืข ืื™ื ื˜ื™ืžื™ ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“, ื•ืœืฉืžืœื” ืžืจื”ื™ื‘ื” ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ืœื”ื‘. ืžื” ื”ื™ื” ืœืžืขืฆื‘ืช ื”ื’ืื” ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ืขืœ ื”ื—ื•ื•ื™ื”?

ืžืžืœื™ืฆื•ืช ืœืฉืœื•ื— ืืœื™ื” ื‘ื”ืงื“ื ืืช ืงื•ืœืงืฆื™ื™ืช ื”ืื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื—ื“ืฉื” ื•ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ืจื™ืช ืฉืœ ืืกื•ืก ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืžื•ืชื’ ืžืคืชื™ืข ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ (ืžื™ื“ ืื—ืจื™ ืฉืชืฉืœื—ื• ืื•ืชื” ืืœื™ื ื•). ื•ื’ื: ืงื™ื ื•ื’'ื™ื’'ื™ ืžืกืคืงื•ืช ืœื ื• ื”ืฉืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขืจ, ืงื™ืืจื” ืคืจืื ื™ ืœื ื–ื–ื” ืžื”ืงื•ืกืžื˜ื™ืงืื™ืช ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช ืฉืœื” ื•ืจื™ื”ืื ื”, ื›ืจื’ื™ืœ, ืžื•ืฉืœืžืช ื‘ื”ื™ืกื˜ืจื™ื”. 10 ืจื’ืขื™ ื”ื‘ื™ื•ื˜ื™ ืฉืขืฉื• ืืช ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื‘ืื™ื ืกื˜ื’ืจื

ื›ืžืขื˜ ืžื“ื™ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืกืคืจื•ืช ืœื›ื ื›ืืŸ ืขืœ ืขื•ื“ ืจื’ืข ื—ืœื•ืฆื™ ื•ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ืฉืœ ืืกื•ืก ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืงื™ื“ื•ื ื“ื™ืžื•ื™ ื’ื•ืฃ ื‘ืจื™ื, ื•ืœืฉืžื—ืชื ื• ืœื ื ืจืื” ืฉื–ื” ืขื•ืžื“ ืœื”ื™ืคืกืง ื‘ืงืจื•ื‘ - ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื˜ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืจ ืขืฃ ืขืœ ื“ื•ื’ืžื ื™ืช ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื™ื ื™ ืฆื”ื•ื‘, ื›ืขืช ืžื’ื™ืขื” ืื—ืช ื‘ืฉืžืœื” ืื“ื•ืžื” ื•ืคื™ืฆ'ืจ ืœื ื ืคื•ืฅ ื•ืžืื“ ื ืคื•ืฅ ื‘ื• ื–ืžื ื™ืช

ืจื‘ืขื•ืŸ ื”ืžื›ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื ื” ืžืกืชื™ื™ื ื•ืžื‘ื™ื ืื™ืชื• ืืช ื”ื“ื™ืจื•ื’ื™ื ื•ืจืฉื™ืžื•ืช ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื, ื›ืืฉืจ ื–ื• ืฉืขื•ืกืงืช ื‘ืกื•ื’ ื”ื ืขืœื™ื™ื ื”ืื”ื•ื‘ ืขืœ ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืžืื•ื›ืœืกืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื‘ืœืขื“ื™ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืชื’ ืื—ื“. ื‘ืจืืฉ ื”ืจืฉื™ืžื” ื ื™ืฆื‘ ื“ื’ื ืกืคื•ืจื˜ื™ื‘ื™, ืงืœืืกื™ ื•ื ื’ื™ืฉ ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“

ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื‘ืจื’ืข ื”ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ ืฉื‘ื• ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืขื–ืจื” ืขื ื”ื•ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื™ืกื˜ ืฉื”ื•ืœื›ืช ื•ืชื•ืคื—ืช, ื”ืชื’ื™ื™ืกื• ื‘ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื”ืื™ื ืกื˜ื’ืจื ืฉืžื•ืงื“ืฉ ืœืจืฉืช ื”ืื”ื•ื‘ื” ื•ื”ืจื›ื™ื‘ื• ืจืฉื™ืžื” ืฉืœ ืคืจื™ื˜ื™ ืžืคืชื— ืฉืกื•ืžื ื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืคืืฉื ื™ืกื˜ื•ืช ื•ื”ืื™ื˜-ื’ื™ืจืœืก. ืื– ืžื™ ืื ื—ื ื• ืฉื ืชื•ื•ื›ื—

ืชื•ืคืขืช ื”ื”ืขืชืงื™ื ื ืคื•ืฆื” ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื“ืžื•ืชื” ืฉืœ ื”ื“ื•ื›ืกื™ืช ืžืกืืกืงืก - ื›ื•ืœืŸ ื”ืจื™ ืจื•ืฆื•ืช ืœื”ืชืœื‘ืฉ ื›ืžื•ื”, ืœื”ืชืืคืจ ื›ืžื•ื”, ื•ื‘ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื›ืžื” ืฉื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ื™ื. ื”ื“ื•ื’ืžื ื™ืช ื”ื–ืืช ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื’ื’ืœ ืืช ื”ืฉื ื‘ื”ืชื—ืœื”, ืื‘ืœ ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื”ื™ื ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ืžืจื•ืฆื” ืžื”ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื”

ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ื•ื ืžื›ื•ื ื” "ืกืžื•ืงื™ื ื’", ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ื˜ืจื ืžืฆืื ื• ื—ืœื•ืคื” ืขื‘ืจื™ืช ืจืื•ื™ื” - ืื‘ืœ ืžื” ื–ื” ืžืฉื ื” ื›ืฉื›ื•ืœื ื• ืžื“ื‘ืจื•ืช ืืช ืฉืคืช ื”ืื•ืคื ื” ื”ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกืœื™ืช ื•ืžื‘ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ืฉื™ืฉ ื›ืืŸ ืžื’ืžื” ื•ื™ื ื˜ื’'ื™ืช-ืจื•ืžื ื˜ื™ืช, ื›ืคืจื™ืช ื•ื‘ื•ื”ืžื™ื™ื ื™ืช ืฉืคืฉื•ื˜ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืœืžืฆื•ื ืืช ืžืงื•ืžื” ื‘ืžืœืชื—ื” ืฉืœื ื•. ืœืžืจื‘ื” ื”ืžื–ืœ, ื–ื” ืžืžืฉ ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืงืฉื”

ื‘ืื™ืžืคืจื™ื™ืช ื”ืงื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ื•ื ืช ื™ืฉ ืงืฆืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-2,000 ื‘ื’ื“ื™ ื™ื, ืื– ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ื™ืงืจื” ืœื›ืŸ ืžื” ืฉืงืจื” ืœื ื• (ืจืžื–: ืฉืจืคื ื• ื™ื•ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”), ื–ื™ืงืงื ื• ืคื—ื•ืช ืžืื—ื•ื– ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืžืฉื•ื‘ื—ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉื‘ื”ื. ื”ื›ื™ื ื• ืืช ื”ืขื’ืœื•ืช ื•ืืช ืงื•ื“ ื”ืงื•ืคื•ืŸ

ื”ื™ื ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ืช ืœืกืคืจื•ืช ืจื•ืกื™ืช ืฉืกื™ืจื‘ื” ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื“ื’ืžืŸ ื‘ื”ื™ื•ืชื” ื ืขืจื”, ื•ื›ื™ื•ื ืžืฉื“ืจืช ืื•ื•ื™ืจืช ืื™ื˜-ื’ื™ืจืœ ื‘ืจื•ืจื” ื•ืžืกื•ืžื ืช ื›ืžื•ื–ื” ื”ื—ื“ืฉื” ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื ื”ืื•ืคื ื”. ืื”, ื•ื”ื™ื ืคื•ื–ืœืช. ื”ื™ื›ื•ื ื• ืœื”ืชืื”ื‘ ื‘ื“ื•ื’ืžื ื™ืช ืฉืœื ืจื•ืฆื” ืฉืชื’ื“ื™ืจื• ืื•ืชื” ื›"ืžื•ื“ืœ ื™ื•ืคื™ ืืœื˜ืจื ื˜ื™ื‘ื™"

ื‘ื”ืชื—ืœื” ื”ื™ื• ืœื ืžืขื˜ ืกืงืคื˜ื™ื•ืช, ืื‘ืœ ืื˜ ืื˜ ืžืฆืื• ืืช ืขืฆืžืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ื•ื˜ืจื™ื•ืช ืžื›ื•ืจื•ืช ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ืœืชืจืกื™ืกื™ ื”ืคื™ืงืก ืœืžื™ื ื™ื”ื ื•ืœื ืžืกื•ื’ืœื•ืช ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ื™ื•ื ื‘ืœื™ ืฉืคืจื™ืฅ ื”ื’ื•ืŸ. ื”ืฉืงืช ื”ื’ืจืกืื•ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื•ื”ืžืจืขื ื ื•ืช ืœืžื•ืฆืจ ื”ืื™ืงื•ื ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื™ื ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ืžืขื•ืœื” ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืคืœื ื•ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื›ืžื” ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ื™ื

ื‘ื ื™ ื”ื–ื•ื’ ืฉื”ืงื™ืžื• ืืช "ื”ื—ื ื•ืช ื”ื•ื•ืจื•ื“ื”" ืžืขื“ื™ืคื™ื ืœื”ื™ืฉืืจ ืื ื•ื ื™ืžื™ื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ื”ืฆืœื—ื ื• ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืžื”ื ื›ืžื” ืžื™ืœื™ื ืขืœ ื—ื ื•ืช ื‘ื’ื“ื™ ื”ื™ื ื”ื‘ืจื–ื™ืœืื™ื™ื ืฉืžืฉื’ืขืช ืืช ื”ืื™ื ืกื˜ื’ืจื ื•ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืืช ื—ื•ืฃ ื”ื™ื. ืื– ืžื” ื‘ืขืฆื ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื’ื–ืจื” ื”ื‘ืจื–ื™ืœืื™ืช ื”ืžื‘ื•ืงืฉืช ื›ืœ ื›ืš?

ื•ื’ื: ืงื™ื ืงืจื“ืฉื™ืืŸ ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ืขืœืชื” ืชืžื•ื ืช ืขื™ืจื•ื ืฉืขืจื•ืจื™ื™ืชื™ืช (ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืœื ืžื” ืฉืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื ื• ื”ืคืขื), ืงื•ืœืงืฆื™ื™ืช ื”ืงื™ืฅ ืฉืœ ืคื ื˜ื™ ื‘ื™ื•ื˜ื™ ื”ื™ื ื”ืื•ื‘ืกืกื™ื” ื”ื—ื“ืฉื” ืฉืœื›ืŸ ื•ื’ื ื’'ื™ื’'ื™ ืžื‘ื™ื ื” ืืช ื–ื”, ื•ืื™ืš ื ืจืื” ืžื ื™ืงื•ืจ ื”ืืจื™ ื•ืžื™ื™ื’ืŸ ื”ืจืฉืžื™? 10 ืจื’ืขื™ ื”ื‘ื™ื•ื˜ื™ ืฉืขืฉื• ืืช ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื‘ืื™ื ืกื˜ื’ืจื

ื’ืœื‘ื™ื•ืช ื ืฉืคื›ื•ืช, ื—ืœื™ืคื•ืช ื›ื•ืชื ื” ืžืคื ืงื•ืช, ื›ื•ื‘ืขื™ ืงืจื•ืฉื” ืžื”ืžืžื™ื, ืกื ื“ืœื™ ืืกืคื“ืจื™ืœ ืฆื‘ืขื•ื ื™ื™ื ื•ืชื™ืงื™ ืงืฉ ืžื•ืฉืœืžื™ื - ื›ืœ ื”ืžืฆืจื›ื™ื ื”ื“ืจื•ืฉื™ื ืœื—ื•ืคืฉืช ื”ืงื™ืฅ ื”ื›ื™ ืคื•ื˜ื•ื’ื ื™ืช ืฉืœื›ื ืžืกืชืชืจื™ื ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉื‘ื• ืœื ืชื—ืฉื‘ื• ืœื—ืคืฉ, ืื– ืžื–ืœ ืฉืขืฉื™ื ื• ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื›ื

ื’'ื™ื™ ืœื• ื”ื’ื–ื™ืžื” ืœื’ืžืจื™, ื›ืจื™ืกื˜ื™ื ื” ืื’ื™ืœืจื” ืœื ืœื•ืžื“ืช ื•ื˜ื™ื™ืœื•ืจ ืกื•ื•ื™ืคื˜ ืœื ืžืชืคืชื—ืช: ื˜ืงืก ื”ืคืจืกื™ื ืฉื›ืžืขื˜ ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉื ื” ืžืกืคืง ื›ืžื” ืžืžืจืื•ืช ื”ืฉื˜ื™ื— ื”ืื“ื•ื ื”ื’ืจื•ืขื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื ืžืื›ื–ื‘ ื’ื ื”ืฉื ื”, ืื– ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืœื ื• ื‘ืจื™ืจื” ืืœื ืœืคื ื•ืช ืืœ ืžื—ื•ื–ื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ื™ืžื™ื ื’. ื•ื™ืฉ ื’ื ืฆื“ื™ืงื” ืื—ืช ื–ื•ื”ืจืช ื‘ืกื“ื•ื