ื”ื—ืœื™ืคื” ืฉืœ ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืžื™ื“ืœื˜ื•ืŸ ืžื”ืžืžืช, ืื‘ืœ ื™ืฉ ืคืจื˜ ืื—ืจ ืฉืชืคืก ืื•ืชื ื• ื‘ืœื•ืง ื”ื–ื”

ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ื”ืคืขื•ืœื” ื”ืื•ืœื˜ื™ืžื˜ื™ื‘ื™ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืกื˜ื™ื‘ ื’'ื•ื‘ืก ื•ืื™ืกื™ ืžื™ืืงื™ - ื”ืื™ืฉ ืฉืžืื—ื•ืจื™ ื”ื’ื•ืœืฃ ื”ืฉื—ื•ืจ ืฉืœื• - ืืžื ื ื™ื•ืฆื ืœืคื•ืขืœ ืจืง ืื—ืจื™ ืžื•ืชื, ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื ืžื•ืฉืœื ื›ืฆืคื•ื™. ื•ื’ื: ื–'ืงืžื•ืก ืžืงื“ื™ืฉ ืชื™ืง ืœืืžื, ืื– ืชื”ื™ื• ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ื ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืžื, ื”ืืงืกืกื•ืจื™ ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืคืืฉื ื™ืกื˜ื•ืช ืจื•ืฆื•ืช ื”ื•ื ืžืฆื™ืช, ื”ื™ืคื ื™ื ื”ืžืฆื™ืื• ื˜ืจื ื“ ืกื˜ืจื™ื˜-ืกื˜ื™ื™ืœ ื—ืžื•ื“ ืžื“ื™ ืœื”ืฉื™ืง ื‘ื• ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืจืฃ, ื•ื”ืื™ื˜ื‘ื•ื™ ื”ืœื•ื”ื˜ ืฉืœ ื”ืคื™ื“ ื”ื•ื ืžื•ืจื” ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจ ืœื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื”. ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช, ืฉืืœื•ืช ื•ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ืขืœ ืžื” ืฉืงืจื” ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืื•ืคื ื”

ืžืฉื—ืง ื‘ื™ืŸ ื ืคื—ื™ื ื“ืจืžื˜ื™ื™ื ืœืกื™ืœื•ืื˜ื™ื ืฆืžื•ื“ื™ื, ืกืจื™ื’ื™ื ืžื—ื‘ืงื™ื ืœืฆื“ ื’ื–ืจื•ืช ืฆืžื•ื“ื•ืช, ื’ื•ื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืกืชื™ื• ื•ื˜ืืฅ' ืžื˜ืืœื™ ืฉืฉื•ื‘ืจ ืืช ื”ืฉื™ื’ืจื”. ืžื‘ื•ืœื‘ืœื™ื? ื”ืคืงืช ื”ืื•ืคื ื” ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ืœืกื˜ื™ื™ืœื™ื ื’ ื‘ืฉื ืงืจ ืชืขืฉื” ืœื›ื ืกื“ืจ ื‘ื‘ืœื’ืŸ

ืžื™ ืฉืกื™ืžื ื” ืืช ื”ื“ื•ืจ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ื”ืกื•ืคืจืžื•ื“ืœืก ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ื•ืช ื”ื’ืฉื™ืžื” ืืช ื”ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื” ื•ื‘ื ืชื” ืงืจื™ื™ืจื” ืžื•ืฆืœื—ืช ื‘ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื”, ืื‘ืœ ืœืžืจื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ืฆืžื•ื“ื” ืขื ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืื•ืคื ื” ื”ื ื—ืฉื‘ื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื™ื ืชืžื™ื“ ืชืขื“ื™ืฃ ื ื•ื—ื•ืช ื•ืคืฉื˜ื•ืช. ื‘ื“ืงื ื• ืื™ืš ื”ื™ื ืฉื•ืžืจืช ืขืœ ื”ืคื ื™ื ืฉืœื”, ืขืœ ืื™ื–ื” ืคืจื™ื˜ ื”ื™ื ื—ื•ืจืฉืช ื•ืื™ื–ื• ืชืื•ื ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ื™ื ืœื ืชืฉื›ื— ืœืขื•ืœื

ืกืคืจื• ืœื ื• ืื™ื–ื” ื‘ื’ื“ ื’ื•ืจื ืœื›ืŸ ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ื”ื›ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ืื•ืœื™ ืชื–ื›ื• ื‘ืคืจื™ื˜ ืฉืœ ื’ืœื‘ื™ื” ื‘ืฉื•ื•ื™ 590 ืฉืงืœื™ื

ื”ื”ืจื™ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืจ ื–ื•ืžืจ ื•ื™ืจื“ืŸ ื•ื™ื–ืœ ื—ืฉืคื• ืืช ื”ื‘ื˜ืŸ ื‘ืœื•ืงื™ื ืžื ืฆื ืฆื™ื, ื ื˜ืข ืืœื—ืžื™ืกื˜ืจ ื ืจืืชื” ืžื“ื”ื™ื ื‘ืฉืžืœื” ืขื ื—ื–ื™ื™ืช ืชื—ืจื”, ืขื•ืžืจ ื ื•ื“ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืื” ืœืงื‘ืœ ื”ืฉืจืื” ืœื—ืชื•ื ื” ื”ืงืจื‘ื” ืฉืœื” ื•ืืŸ ื–ื™ื•ื™ ืœืงื—ื” ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืขื ืฉืžืœื” ื‘ื”ื™ืจื”. ืžื” ืœื‘ืฉื• ื›ืœ ื”ืื™ื˜-ื’ื™ืจืœืก ืœื—ืชื•ื ืช ื”ืฉื ื”?

ื ื•ืขื” ืงื™ืจืœ ื•ื“ื ื™ืืœ ืคืจืฅ ืœืงื—ื• ืœื™ืœื” ืื—ื“ ืฉืœ ืžื ื•ื—ื”, ื•ืื– ื—ื–ืจื• ืœื—ื’ื•ื’ ืืช ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ื”ื - ื”ืคืขื ื‘ื”ืจื›ื‘ ืžืœื ืžื•ืœ ื›ืืœืฃ ืื•ืจื—ื™ื. ื”ืขืจื‘ ื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ืฉืžืœื” ืงืœืืกื™ืช ืขื ืžื™ื ื™ ืงืืคื™ื, ื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืขื ืฉืžืœืช ืžืจืžื™ื™ื“ ืฉืงืคืงืคื”, ืงื™ื‘ืœ ืชืคื ื™ืช ื‘ืฆื•ืจืช ื—ืœื™ืคื” ื’ื‘ืจื™ืช ืฉืชื—ืชื™ื” ืกื˜ ืชื—ืชื•ื ื™ื ื•ื—ื–ื™ื™ื” ืžื ืฆื ืฆื™ื ื•ื”ืกืชื™ื™ื ื‘ืกื•ื•ื˜ืฉื™ืจื˜ ืขืœ ื”ืกืคื”. ื ืฉืžืข ืžืขื™ื™ืฃ? ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืชื“ืžื™ื™ื ื• ืืช ื›ืœ ื–ื” ืขืœ ืขืงื‘ื™ื ืื™ืžืชื ื™ื™ื

ืžื›ื ืกื™ื™ื ืฉื—ื•ืจื™ื ืฉื™ืคืชืจื• ืืช ื›ืœ ื‘ืขื™ื™ืช ื”ืœื‘ื•ืฉ, ื’ืœื•ืก ื ืขื™ื ืฉื’ื ื ืฉืืจ, ื‘ื•ืฉื ืขื ืจื™ื— ืฉื™ืขืฉื” ื ืขื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ืจืฃ, ืงืจื ืœื™ืœื” ื”ืžื‘ื•ืกืก ืขืœ ืคื˜ืจื™ื•ืช ืžืจืคื, ื˜ื™ื™ืฅ ืฉื™ื’ืจื•ื ืœืš ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ื›ืžื• ื‘ืœืจื™ื ื”, ืกื•ืžืง ื‘ื’ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ื•ืจืก, ื—ืœื•ืง ื‘ื™ืช ืžื—ืžื ืœืกื•ืค"ืฉ ื•ื ืจ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ื›ื™ืฃ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช. ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืช ืœืฉื•ืคื™ื ื’

ื”ื‘ื™ืฉื•ืœ ืฉืœื” ืืžื ื ื‘ืคืจื•ื ื˜, ืื‘ืœ ืงืฉื” ืœืคืกืคืก ืืช ื”ื—ื™ื‘ื” ืœืื•ืคื ื” ืฉืœ ืžืชืžื•ื“ื“ืช ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช. ื”ืžืœืชื—ื” ืฉืœื” ื›ื•ืœืœืช ื’ื•ืžื™ื•ืช ืกืงืจืื ืฆ'ื™, ื”ื“ืคืกื™ื ื›ื™ืคื™ื™ื ื•ื”ืจื‘ื” ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ื™ ืฆื‘ืขื™ื โ€“ ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืงื–'ื•ืืœื™ืช ื•ืœื‘ื™ืฉื” ืžืื•ื“, ื›ืš ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœื™ื™ืฉื ืื•ืชื” ื‘ืงืœื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืžื™ื•ื. ื”ืฉืืจืชื ืžืงื•ื ืœืžืชื•ืง?

ื”ืจื‘ื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืงืจื• ืืชืžื•ืœ ื‘ืคืจืง ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืœืขื•ื ื” ื”ื—ื“ืฉื” ืฉืœ "ื”ื›ื•ื›ื‘ ื”ื‘ื ืœืื™ืจื•ื•ื™ื–ื™ื•ืŸ", ืื‘ืœ ืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืœื•ืง ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืจื™ ืžื™ืžื•ืŸ: ื—ืœื™ืคืช ื—ืืงื™ ืฉืžืฉืœื‘ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื›ื ืกื•ื ื™ ื”ื‘ืœื•ืŸ ื”ื˜ืจื ื“ื™ื™ื ืœื–'ืงื˜ ื”ืืกื ื”ืžื’ื”-ื˜ืจื ื“ื™, ื•ืขื•ืฉื” ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ืงื•ืœื™ื•ืช ืžื•ืฉืœืžืช

ื‘ื—ื•ืคืฉืช ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ื“ื•ื‘ืื™ ื‘ื—ืจื” ืขื™ื ื‘ ื‘ื•ื‘ืœื™ืœ ืœื”ืขืœื•ืช ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœื” ื›ืฉื”ื™ื ืœื•ื‘ืฉืช ืžื›ื ืกื•ื ื™ื ืœื‘ื ื™ื ื•ื˜ื•ืค ืงื˜ืŸ. ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืชื’ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื•ืœืฉื™ื ื”ื—ืžื™ืื• ืœื” ืขืœ ื”ืœื•ืง, ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื• ื’ื ืœื ืžืขื˜ ื›ืืœื” ืฉื”ืคืจื™ืข ืœื”ื ืฉื”ื™ื ืœื‘ื•ืฉื” ื—ืฉื•ืฃ. ื–ื• ืžืžืฉ ืœื ืคืขื ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉื–ื” ืงื•ืจื” ื•ื‘ื•ื‘ืœื™ืœ ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ืžื›ื™ืจื” ืืช ื”ืชื•ืคืขื”, ื”ื’ื™ื‘ื” ื›ืžื• ืฉืจืง ื”ื™ื ื™ื•ื“ืขืช

ื›ืœ ื”ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ื”ื™ื• ื ืฉื•ืื•ืช ืืœื™ื” ืืชืžื•ืœ, ื•ื”ื™ื ื”ืชืขืœืชื” ืขืœ ื”ืฆื™ืคื™ื•ืช. ื”ื›ืœื” ื”ื ืจื’ืฉืช ืœื‘ืฉื” ืฉืชื™ ืฉืžืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ืืœื•ืŸ ืœื™ื‘ื ื”, ืื—ืช ืงืœืืกื™ืช ืขื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืกื˜ ืžืคื•ืกืœ ื•ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ื”ื›ื™ ื ื•ืขื” ืงื™ืจืœื™ืช ืฉื™ืฉ. ื›ื™ืื” ืœื›ื•ื›ื‘ืช ืฉื”ื™ื, ื‘ืชื—ืชื™ืช ื”ื”ื™ื ื•ืžื” ื”ืกืชืชืจื” ื”ืงื“ืฉื” ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช, ื•ื’ื ื˜ื‘ืขื•ืช ื”ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ื ื˜ืžื ื• ื‘ื—ื•ื‘ืŸ ื ื’ื™ืขื” ืื™ืฉื™ืช ืžืชื•ืงื”

ื–ื” ื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ื—ื•ืจืฃ ืฉืขื‘ืจ, ืื‘ืœ ื”ืขื•ื ื” ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ืช ืžืกืžื ืช ืืช ื”ืจื’ืข ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื˜ืจื ื“ ื”-Funnel Neck - ืฆื•ื•ืืจื•ื ื™ ื”"ืžืฉืคืš" ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื ืฉื”ื•ืคื›ื™ื ื›ืœ ืžืขื™ืœ ื•ื–'ืงื˜ ืœืื™ืจื•ืข ื“ืจืžื˜ื™ ื•ืืœื’ื ื˜ื™ ืžืชืžื™ื“. ื–ื” ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืขืœ ื˜ืจื ืฆ'ื™ื, ืžืขื™ืœื™ ืขื•ืจ, ื–'ืงื˜ื™ื ืกืคื•ืจื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื™ื ืื• ืคืืคืจื™ื, ื•ื–ื” ื›ื‘ืจ ืžืžืœื ืืช ื”ื—ื ื•ื™ื•ืช. ืื– ื™ืฆืื ื• ืœืœืงื˜ ืืช ื”ื’ืจืกืื•ืช ื”ื›ื™ ืžื•ืฆืœื—ื•ืช ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื”

ื‘ืจื’ืข ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืคืฉ ืžื•ื—ืœื˜, ืฉื™ ืžื™ืงื” ื”ืฆื˜ืœืžื” ืขืœ ืกื™ืจื” ื‘ืœื‘ ื™ื ื›ืฉื”ื™ื ืœื•ื‘ืฉืช ื‘ื™ืงื™ื ื™ ื‘ื’ื–ืจืช ืกื˜ืจืคืœืก ื•ืžืขืœื™ื• ื—ืฆืื™ืช ืชื—ืจื” ืฉื—ื•ืจื” ืžื•ืฆืœื—ืช. ืชื•ื“ื” ืฉื”ื–ื›ืจืช ืœื ื• ืฉื™ืฉ ืขื•ื“ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœ ืœื ืžืžื•ืžืฉ ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื‘ื’ื“ื™ ื”ื—ื•ืฃ

ืขื“ื™ ื›ื”ืŸ ื›ื ืจืื” ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ื”ืฉืชื—ืจืจื” ืžืื“ื™ ื”ื—ืชื•ื ื” ืฉืœื”, ื•ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข, ื›ืฉื”ื•ื–ืžื ื” ืœื—ืชื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื” โ€“ ื”ื™ื ืœื‘ืฉื” ืฉืžืœื” ื‘ืžืจืื” ื›ืœืชื™ ืœืžื“ื™ ื•ื‘ื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืงืจื•ื‘ ืžืื•ื“ ืœืœื‘ืŸ. ื”ืชื’ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื ื•ืงื‘ื•ืช ืœื ืื™ื—ืจื• ืœื‘ื•ื, ืื‘ืœ ืื– ื”ื’ื™ืขื” ื”ื”ื‘ื”ืจื”

ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื—ื•ืจืคื™ืช, ื’ื ืื ื”ื™ื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืจืง ืชื™ืื•ืจื˜ื™ืช ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ื–ื”, ื›ื‘ืจ ืžืชื—ื™ืœื” ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืœื ื• ืืช ื”ื—ืฉืงื™ื - ื•ืื– ื‘ืื” ืกืคื™ืจ ืื‘ื™ืกืจื•ืจ ืขื ืขื•ื“ ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ ืžื”ืžืขืœื™ืช ื•ืžื“ื™ื™ืงืช ืขื•ื“ ืงืฆืช ืืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ืฉืœื™ืกื˜. ืื– ื›ืจื’ืข ืžื” ืฉื ืจืื” ื›ืžื• ื”ืคืจื™ื˜ ื”ื›ื™ ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื•ื ื–'ืงื˜ ื‘ื•ืžื‘ืจ ืขื ืฆื•ื•ืืจื•ืŸ ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื•ืคืจื™ื ื˜ ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช (ืืคื™ืœื• ืฉื”ื•ื ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ืช ื›ื‘ืจ ืกื•ืœื“ ืืื•ื˜, ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ), ื•ื–ื™ื”ื™ื ื• ื’ื ืื•ื‘ืกืกื™ื™ืช ืžืฉืงืคื™ ืฉืžืฉ ื—ื“ืฉื”