ืจืืฉื™ ื˜ืจื ื“ื™ื

ืื•ืคื ื•ืช, ืื•ืœื™ ืฉืžืขืชื, ื ื•ื˜ื•ืช ืœื”ืชื—ืœืฃ ื“ื™ ืžื”ืจ - ื•ื›ืš ืงืจื” ืฉืื—ืจื™ ืฉืžื™ื”ืจื ื• ืœื”ืฆื˜ื™ื™ื“ ื‘ืžื’ืคื™ื™ื ื”ื›ื™ ื ื›ื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื•ืจืฃ ื”ืงืจื•ื‘, ื›ื‘ืจ ืžื’ื™ืขื” ื’ืจืกืช ื”ืžื•ืงืกื™ืŸ ื”ืื‘ื™ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืœื”ื ื‘ื—ืกื•ืช ืžื•ืชื’ ื”ืขืœ ื”ืœื•ื”ื˜. ืœื ื• ืœื ื ื•ืชืจ ืืœื ืœื’ืœื’ืœ ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ื•ืœื’ืœื•ืœ ืืช ืืชืจ ื–ืืจื” ื‘ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ืื—ืจ ื”ืชืจื’ื•ื ื”ื ื’ื™ืฉ

ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ืืœืคื™ื™ื ื”ื•ื ื”ืคืš ืœืžื–ื•ื”ื” ืขื ื”ื˜ืจืืฉ ื”ืคืจื™ืก-ื”ื™ืœื˜ื•ื ื™, ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื”ื—ื•ื˜ ื”ื™ื“ื•ืข ืœืฉืžืฆื” ืžืฉืœื™ื ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืฉืœ ื”ืชืงื‘ืœื•ืช ืืœ ืžื—ื•ื–ื•ืช ื”ืื•ืคื ื” ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื•ื”ื•ืคืš ืœื˜ืจื ื“ ืœื’ื™ื˜ื™ืžื™ ื•ื ื—ืฉืง ืฉืžื›ื›ื‘ ืขืœ ืฉืขืจ ื•ื•ื’. ืื– ืืคืฉืจ ืœื ื•ืข ื‘ืื™ ื ื•ื—ื•ืช, ืื‘ืœ ืœื’ืžืจื™ ืขื“ื™ืฃ ืœื”ืฆื˜ืจืฃ

ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื™ื ื”ื ื›ื‘ืจ ืงื•ื ืฆื ื–ื•ืก, ื•ื’ื ืงื ื“ืœ ื’'ื ืจ ืžืืฉืจืช โ€“ ื”ืฉืืงื˜ื™ื ื”ื ืคืจื™ื˜ ื”ืžืืกื˜ ืฉืœ ื”ืชืงื•ืคื” ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ื”. ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื–'ืงื˜ ืœื—ื•ืœืฆื”, ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ื‘ืฉืœืœ ื‘ื“ื™ื ื•ืœื”ืฉืชืœื‘ ืขื ื›ืœ ืืื•ื˜ืคื™ื˜ ื›ืžืขื˜ โ€“ ืžืขืœ ืฉืžืœื”, ืกืจื™ื’ ืขื‘ื” ืื• ื˜ื™-ืฉื™ืจื˜ ืงืฆืจื”. ืžืฆืื ื• ืืช ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื›ื™ ืžื•ืฆืœื—ื•ืช ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœืจื›ื•ืฉ ืขื›ืฉื™ื•

ืืžื ื ื ืจืื” ืฉืฆืœืœื™ื•ืช ื”ืื•ื‘ืจืกื™ื™ื– ื—ื•ืœืฉื•ืช ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื—ืœืงื” ืื•ืคื ืชื™ืช ื‘ืขื•ื ื” ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ื”, ืื‘ืœ ืืœ ืชืชื ื• ืœื”ืŸ ืœื”ืืคื™ืœ ืขืœ ื”ื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ืงื˜ืŸ-ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืคื•ืฉื˜ ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ืืœื” ืขืœ ื”ืคื™ื“ ืฉืœ ืžื™ื˜ื‘ ื”ืื™ื˜-ื’ื™ืจืœืก: ื”ื ืงืฆืจื™ื, ืฉื•ื‘ื‘ื™ื ื•ืžื”ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืกื˜ ืงืœื™ืœ ืขืœ ืื—ื“ ื”ืคืจื™ื˜ื™ื ื”ื›ื™ ืงืœืืกื™ื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ, ืื– ืชืขืฉื• ืœืืจื•ืŸ ืฉืœื›ืŸ ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื•ืชื›ื ื™ืกื• ืืœื™ื• ื‘ืœื™ื™ื–ืจ ืงืจื•ืค

ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ืืœื” ื“"ืจ ืžืจื˜ื™ื ื– ืงืœืืกื™ื•ืช, ืžื’ืคื•ื ื™ ืฆ'ืœืกื™ ืขื ืกื•ืœื™ื™ืช ื˜ืจืงื˜ื•ืจ, ืขื ืื• ื‘ืœื™ ืฉืจื•ื›ื™ื - ื”ืกื˜ื™ื™ืœ ื”ื’ืจืื ื’'ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื’ืคื™ื™ื ื”ื›ื‘ื“ื™ื ื”ื•ื ื”ืกื˜ื™ื™ื˜ืžื ื˜ ื”ื›ื™ ืงื•ืœื™ ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ืœื—ื•ืจืฃ ื”ืงืจื•ื‘. ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืชื—ืžืง ืžื”ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื—ื ื•ืช ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืžืฆืื ื• ืœื›ื ืืช ื”ื ืขืœื™ื™ื ื”ื›ื™ ื™ืคื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ืชื’ื™ื“ื• ืฉืœื ืืžืจื ื•

ื›ื‘ืจ ืชืงื•ืคื” ืฉืขื•ืœื ื”ืื•ืคื ื” ื•ืฉืœื•ื—ื•ืชื™ื• ื”ืื™ื ืกื˜ื’ืจืžื™ื•ืช ืขืกื•ืงื™ื ื‘ืœื”ืžืฆื™ื ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืืช ื”ืžื—ืฉื•ืฃ ืœืกื•ื’ื™ื•, ื•ืื—ืจื™ ืฉืคื’ืฉื ื• ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืื™ื–ื•ืจื™ ื”ืฆืœืขื•ืช, ื”ื‘ื˜ืŸ ื•ื”ื’ื‘, ืžื’ื™ืข ื”ืคื™ืฆื•ื— ื”ื˜ืจื™ ื•ื”ืžืงื•ืจื™. ืื ื—ื ื• ื”ื—ืœื˜ื ื• ืœืงืจื•ื ืœื• "ืžื—ืฉื•ืฃ ื”ืชืจื™ืก", ื•ื”ื•ื ืœื’ืžืจื™ ื”ื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ืกืงืกื™ ื•ื”ืžืชื•ื—ื›ื ืฉืœ ื”ืจื’ืข

ื›ื ืจืื” ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื™ืฉ ืœื›ืŸ ืื—ื“ ื‘ืืจื•ืŸ - ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช ืงืœืืกื™ืงื” ืขืœ-ื–ืžื ื™ืช - ืื‘ืœ ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืชืžื™ื“ ื–ื” ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืœืขื“ื›ืŸ ืืช ื”ืžืœืชื—ื” ืขื ื–'ืงื˜ ื”ื’'ื™ื ืก ื”ืžื•ืฉืœื ื•ืœื–ืจื•ืง ืื•ืชื• ืžืขืœ ื›ืœ ืœื•ืง. ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื’ื ื˜ื™ืค ืกื˜ื™ื™ืœื™ื ื’ ืžื ืฆื— ื‘ื—ืกื•ืช ืžื•ืขืฆืช ื”ืื™ื˜-ื’ื™ืจืœืก

ืœื ื ืจืื” ืฉื”ืžืกื›ื” ืขื•ืžื“ืช ืœืจื“ืช ืžื”ืคื ื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืงืจื•ื‘, ื›ืš ืฉื”ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ืื—ืจ ืื™ื–ื•ืจื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืฉืื™ืจ ื—ืฉื•ืคื™ื ืœืื•ื•ื™ืจ ื”ืคืชื•ื— ืจืง ื’ื•ื‘ืจ. ืœืžืจื‘ื” ื”ืžื–ืœ, ื™ืฉ ื˜ืจื ื“ ืžื•ืฉืœื ืื—ื“ ืฉืœื’ืžืจื™ ื ืžืฆื ื›ืืŸ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื™ืฉืืจ ื•ืœื”ืฉืชื“ืจื’. ื›ืš ืชืขืฉื• ืืช ื–ื” ื ื›ื•ืŸ

ืงื ื“ืœ ื’'ื ืจ ื ืชืคืกื” ื™ื•ืฆืืช ืžื“ื™ื ืจ ืขื ืงื™ื™ื˜ืœื™ืŸ ื›ืฉื”ื™ื ืœื•ื‘ืฉืช ื–'ืงื˜ ืฉืœ ืžื ื’ื• ืฉื”ื•ื ืœื’ืžืจื™ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื›ื™ ื—ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืขื›ืฉื™ื•. ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื—ืœืง ืžื˜ืจื ื“ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืœืฆื” ื•ื–'ืงื˜. ืขื•ื“ ื›ืžื” ื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจื•ืช ืคื—ื•ืช ื•ื›ื•ืœื ื• ื ืœื‘ืฉ ื›ืืœื” ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง

ื’ื ืžื™ ืฉืœื ื”ืชืื”ื‘ื” ืžื™ื“ ื‘ืžื’ืžื” ื”ืžืืกื™ื‘ื™ืช ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ืชืจื’ืœ ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ื”ื–ื”. ื”ืฆืขื“ ื”ื‘ื ื•ื”ืžืชื‘ืงืฉ ื”ื•ื ืžื’ืคื™ื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ืกื•ืœื™ื” ืžื’ื•ืฉืžืช, ื•ื”ืฆื‘ืข ื”ืฉื•ืœื˜ ื”ื•ื ืœื‘ืŸ. ื›ืžื• ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื, ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ืื•ืคื ื” ื”ื ื—ืฉืง ื‘ื•ื˜ื’ื” ื•ื ื˜ื” ื™ืฉ ื™ื“ (ื•ืจื’ืœ) ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ โ€“ ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื ืžืžืฉ ืœื ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“

ืื—ืจื™ ืชืงื•ืคื” ืืจื•ื›ื” ืฉืœ ื˜ืจื ื“ื™ื ืฉื ื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช, ื”ื’ื™ืข ื“ื’ื ืฉืงืฉื” ืœื ืœื”ืชืื”ื‘ ื‘ื•. ื ืขืœื™ ื”ืžืจื™ ื’'ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ืฉืื ืœ ื›ื•ืœืœื•ืช ืกื™ืœื•ืื˜ ืขื“ื™ืŸ, ืขืงื‘ ืฉื˜ื•ื— ื•ืคืคื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื”ืžื•ืฉืœื โ€“ ืื‘ืœ ืœืžืจื•ืช ื”ืื•ื‘ืกืกื™ื” ื›ื ืจืื” ืฉืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืื•ืชืŸ

ื›ื‘ืจ ืชืงื•ืคื” ืฉืขื•ืœื ื”ืื•ืคื ื” ืžืคืœืจื˜ื˜ ืขื ืขื•ืœื ื”ืฉื™ื ื”, ื•ืฉื•ืื‘ ื”ืฉืจืื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ืžื”ืคื™ื’'ืžื” ืขืœ ื’ืจืกืื•ืชื™ื” ื”ืฉื•ื ื•ืช. ืื—ืจื™ ื—ืœื™ืคื•ืช ื”ืกืื˜ืŸ, ื”ื˜ืจื ื™ื ื’ื™ื ื•ื”ื‘ื™ื™ื‘ื™-ื“ื•ืœ, ืžื’ื™ืข ืชื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ื›ื•ืชื ืช ื”ื™ืฉื ื” ื•ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื” - ืฉื”ื•ืคื›ืช ื‘ื—ืกื•ืช ืžื•ืชื’ ื™ื•ืงืจืชื™ ืื—ื“ ืœื—ื“ืฉื” ื•ืœื•ื”ื˜ืช. ืงื‘ืœื• ืืช ื”ืฉืžืœื” ืฉื’ื•ืจืžืช ืœื ื• ืœืคื”ืง, ื‘ืงื˜ืข ื”ื›ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืฉื™ืฉ

ืื™ืš ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉื”ื’ื™ืข ื”ืกืชื™ื•? ื”ืงืจื“ื™ื’ืŸ ื›ื‘ืจ ืœื’ืžืจื™ ืคื”. ืื ื‘ืขื‘ืจ ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืกืžืžืŸ ื“ื•ื“ืชื™, ืื– ื”ื™ื•ื ื›ืœ ื”ืื™ื˜ ื’ื™ืจืœื– ื”ื›ื™ ืจื•ืชื—ื•ืช ื‘ื•ื—ืจื•ืช ืœืœื‘ื•ืฉ ืื•ืชื• ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืฉื•ื‘. ื”ืคืขื ืžืฆืื ื• ืื•ืชื• ืขืœ ืงื ื“ืœ ื’'ื ืจ, ืจืง ืฉื”ื™ื ื‘ื—ืจื” ืงืจื“ื™ื’ืŸ ื‘ื’ื•ื“ืœ ืžื™ื ื™ืื˜ื•ืจื™ ืฉื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืชืคืงื“ ื›ื—ื–ื™ื” ื•ืคื—ื•ืช ื›ืกื•ื•ื“ืจ

ืœื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืกื˜ื™ื™ืœ ื—ื“ืฉ ื•ืžื”ืคื›ื ื™, ืื‘ืœ ืจื™ื‘ื•ื™ ื”ื ืฆื™ื’ื•ืช ื‘ืืชืจ ื–ืืจื”, ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ื”ืงื‘ื•ืขื” ื•ื”ืžืœื›ื•ืชื™ืช ืฉืœ ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืžื™ื“ืœื˜ื•ืŸ ื•ื’ืจืกืช ื”ืื™ื˜-ื’ื™ืจืœ ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื™ืœื™ ื”ื–ื›ื™ืจื• ืœื ื• ืืช ื”ื•ื•ืจืกื˜ื™ืœื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื ืฆื—ืช ืฉืœ ืฉืžืœืช ื”ื—ื•ืœืฆื”, ืฉืžื™ื“ ื”ืคื›ื” ืœืคืจื™ื˜ ื”ืกืงืกื™-ืงื–'ื•ืืœื™ ื”ืžื•ืฉืœื ืฉืœ ื”ืจื’ืข

ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ืืฃ ืคืขื ืœื ื™ืฆื ืžื”ืื•ืคื ื”, ืื‘ืœ ื”ืฉื ื” ืžืกืชืžืŸ ืฉืชื”ื™ื” ืœื• ื ื•ื›ื—ื•ืช ืžื•ื’ื‘ืจืช ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ื”ืงืจื™ืจื™ื. ืืœื” ื”ืฉืžืœื•ืช, ื”ืžื›ื ืกื™ื™ื, ื”ื—ื•ืœืฆื•ืช ื•ื”ืืงืกืกื•ืจื™ื– ื”ืืคื•ืจื™ื ื”ื›ื™ ืžื•ืฆืœื—ื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื‘ื—ื ื•ื™ื•ืช - ื•ืฉืœื ืชืขื–ื• ืœืงืจื•ื ืœื”ื ืžืฉืขืžืžื™ื