ืจืืฉื™ ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช FF

57 ื“ื•ืœืจ - ื–ื” ืคื—ื•ืช ืื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ืžื” ืฉืขื•ืœื” ืœื“ื™ื•ืจ ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ืชื™ืง ืฉื ืžื›ืจ ื‘-2,780 ื“ื•ืœืจ. ืžื•ืคืชืขื™ื? ื–ื” ืจืง ืื•ืžืจ ืฉืขื“ ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืœื ื”ืงืฉื‘ืชื, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงืจื” ืขื“ื™ืฃ ืœื”ืชืžืงื“ ื‘ืžื•ืชื’ื™ื ืฉื‘ืืžืช ืžืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ืืช ื”ื”ื™ื™ืค. ื•ื’ื: ืขื•ืœื ื”ืกื ื™ืงืจืก ื’ื•ืขืฉ ืœืงืจืืช ื”ื›ืคื›ืคื™ื ื”ืžืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื™ื• ืžื™ื• ื•ื ื™ื• ื‘ืืœืื ืก, ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื’ืจืกืช ื”ืžืœืžืœื” ืฉืœ ืื“ื™ื“ืก ืกืžื‘ื” ืžืชื—ื™ืœื” ืœืชืคื•ืก ืชืื•ืฆื”. ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช, ืฉืืœื•ืช ื•ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ืขืœ ืžื” ืฉืงืจื” ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืื•ืคื ื”

ืžื’ื™ืฉืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืื—ืช ื”ืคืืฉื ื™ืกื˜ื•ืช ื”ื›ื™ ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืžืกืš ืฉืœื ื•, ืื‘ืœ ื’ื ืžื—ื•ืฆื” ืœื•. ืœื—ืชื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ืื—ื™ื” ื”ืงื˜ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื”ื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ืฉืžืœื” ืžื—ืžื™ืื” ืฉืขื™ืฆื‘ื” ืขื‘ื•ืจื” ืœื ืื—ืจืช ืžืืฉืจ ืื—ื•ืชื”, ืžื™ื›ืœ ืžื ื’ื™ืกื˜ื• โ€“ ืคื™ืก ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ ืฉื’ืจื ืœื” ืœื–ืจื•ื— ืืคื™ืœื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ

ืžื•ืจ ืจื“ืžื™ ื ืกืขื” ืœืกื•ืค"ืฉ ื—ื’ื™ื’ื•ืช ืขื ื”ืืจื•ืก ื“ื™ื•ื•ื™ื“ ื‘ืงืื ื˜ืจื™ ืกื™ื™ื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™. ืจื“ืžื™ ืžื˜ืคื˜ืคืช ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœื” ืžืฉืœืœ ื”ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื ืฉื›ืœืœื• ื”ืžื•ืŸ ื—ื‘ืจื™ื, ืื•ื›ืœ ื•ืฉืชื™ื” ื•ื ื•ืฃ ื”ื•ืจืก. ืื‘ืœ ืื™ืŸ ืกืคืง ืฉืฉืžืœื” ืื—ืช ืฉื›ื™ื›ื‘ื” ื‘ืจืฆืฃ ื”ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื ืขืฉืชื” ืืช ืฉืœื”, ื•ืžืฉื›ื” ืืช ืžืจื‘ื™ืช ื”ืชื’ื•ื‘ื•ืช. ื”ืืžืช, ื”ืคืชื™ืขื” ืื•ืชื ื•

ืœืžืจื•ืช ื”ืฉืžื•ืขื•ืช, ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื”ืคื•ื˜ื•ื’ื ื™ืช ืžืกืคืจื“ ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื” ืœื”ืฆื™ื’ ืขืกืงื™ื ื›ืจื’ื™ืœ. ื‘ืื™ืจื•ืข ืืœื™ื• ื”ื’ื™ืขื• ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข ืœื˜ื™ืกื™ื” ืœื‘ืฉื” ืฉืžืœื” ื-ืกื™ืžื˜ืจื™ืช ืžื—ืžื™ืื” ืฉืœ ืžื ื’ื• ืฉืžื—ื™ืจื” ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืจืง 90 ืฉืงืœื™ื, ื•ื‘ื ื•ืชื™ื” ื”ื™ื• ืชื•ืืžื•ืช ื•ืžืชื•ืงื•ืช ื‘ืœื•ืงื™ื ืœื‘ื ื™ื ื•ื ืขืœื™ื™ื ื–ื”ื•ืช. ืžื™ ืืžืจ ืฉืืœื’ื ื˜ื™ ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื’ื ื ื•ื—?

ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื ืขื“ืจื” ืžื”ืงืžืคื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ืฉื™ืื•ืช ืฉืœ ื“ื•ื ืœื“ ื˜ืจืืžืค ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื—ืœ ืœื”ืจื™ื ื›ืžื” ื’ื‘ื•ืช, ื”ื’ื‘ืจืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืœืฉืขื‘ืจ ื•ืื•ืœื™ ืœืขืชื™ื“ ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ ืžื•ืคื™ืขื” ืœืื™ืจื•ืข ื‘ืžื’ื“ืœื™ ื˜ืจืืžืค ื‘ืฉืžืœื” ืื“ื•ืžื” ืžืื•ื“, ืฆืžื•ื“ื” ืžืื•ื“ ื•ื™ืงืจื” ืžืื•ื“

ืืœื™ืŸ ื’ื•ืœืŸ, ืฉื’ื“ืœื” ืœื›ื•ืœื ื• ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืžื•ืœ ื”ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื, ืกื™ื™ืžื” ื”ืฉื ื” ืืช ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ, ื•ืืžืฉ ื”ื’ื™ืข ื”ืจื’ืข ืœืคืจื•ื ื”ื—ื’ื™ื’ื™. ื’ื•ืœืŸ ื–ื”ืจื” ื‘ืฉืžืœื” ืœื‘ื ื” ืขื ื—ืœืง ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ืขืชื™ืจ ืงืื˜-ืืื•ื˜ื™ื ื‘ื’ื–ืจืช ืžื—ื•ืš ืฉื”ื—ืžื™ืื” ืœื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ

ืคืจื™ื“ืจ ื•ื‘ืŸ ื”ื–ื•ื’ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืœื•ื™ ื ื•ืคืฉื™ื ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ืืœื” ืขืœ ื”ื—ื•ืฃ ืฉืœ ืกื ื˜ื•ืจื™ื ื™, ื•ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื” ื”ื›ื•ื›ื‘ืช ืœื ื“ื‘ ืœืขื•ืงื‘ื™ื” ืชื™ืขื•ื“ ืงื˜ืŸ ืžื›ืœ ื”ื™ื•ืคื™ ื”ื–ื”. ื•ื”ืืžืช, ืขื ื›ื–ื” ื‘ื’ื“ ื™ื, ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืฉืœื

ื‘ื•ื”ื“ื ื” ืฉืจืคื” ืืช ืคืืœื-ื‘ื™ืฅ' ืขื ื‘ื’ื“ ื”ื™ื ื”ืžืฉื’ืข ืฉืœ ื”ืžืขืฆื‘ืช ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช ื•ืฆื™ืจืคื” ืœืœื•ืง ืžืฉืงืคื™ ืฉืžืฉ ืฉื—ื•ืจื™ื ื•ืžื ื™ืงื•ืจ-ืคื“ื™ืงื•ืจ ื‘ื”ื™ืจื™ื ืฉืžื“ื’ื™ืฉื™ื ืืช ื”ืฉื™ื–ื•ืฃ ืฉืœื”. ื”ื™ื” ื’ื ืœื•ืง ื ื•ืกืฃ ืขื ืฉืžืœื” ืฉืœ ืงืจื•ื‘ืช ืžืฉืคื—ืชื” ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืกื•ืคืจ ืžื—ืžื™ืื”. ื ื•ืขื, ืืช ืžืฉื”ื•

ื›ืชืคื™ื™ื ืืกื™ืžื˜ืจื™ื•ืช, ืฉืจื•ื•ืœ ืชืคื•ื—, ืงืื˜-ืืื•ื˜ ืžืชื•ื›ืฉื˜ ื‘ืžื•ืชืŸ, ืฉืกืข ื’ื‘ื•ื”, ืกื™ื•ืžืช ืชื—ืจื” ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืฉื•ื‘ืœ ืงื˜ืŸ - ืฉืžืœืช ื”ืขืจื‘ ืฉืœ ืกืคื™ืจ ื‘ื•ืจื’ื™ืœ ืžื›ื™ืœื” ืืช ื›ืœ ืืœื”, ืื‘ืœ ืื™ื›ืฉื”ื• ืžืฆืœื™ื—ื” ืœื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื’ื–ืžืช ืžื“ื™. ื•ืื™ืš ื ืจืืชื” ืฉืžืœืช ื”ื›ืœื” ื”ืฆื ื•ืขื” ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืจ ืฆืจืคืชื™?

ืžืฉืคื—ืช ื‘ื•ื‘ืœื™ืœ ื‘ื ื™ืกื˜ื™ ื‘ื”ืจื›ื‘ ื›ืžืขื˜ ืžืœื ื˜ืกื” ืœืฆื‘ื•ืจ ื—ื•ื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื‘ื• ื“ืื‘ื™. ืชื ืื™ ื”ืคืชื™ื—ื” ื”ืžืืชื’ืจื™ื ืœื ืžื ืขื• ืžืขื™ื ื‘ ืœื”ืฉืงื™ืข ื‘ืžืœืชื—ืช ืจื™ื–ื•ืจื˜ ืžืชื•ืงืชืงืช, ื›ื•ืœืœ ืกื™ื•ืข ืžืกื˜ื™ื™ืœื™ืกื˜ื™ืช ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ืช, ืฉืชืกื’ื•ืจ ืคื™ื ื•ืช ืื•ืคื ืชื™ื•ืช. ื”ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžืขื•ืœื” ื•ืขื ืœื ืžืขื˜ ืžื•ืชื’ื™ื ื›ื—ื•ืœ ืœื‘ืŸ

ื”ื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจื” ืขืœ ื”ื“ืจื•ืค ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ืžื•ืชื’ ื”ืื•ืคื ื” ืฉืœื”, KHY, ืฉืžื•ืงื“ืฉ ื›ื•ืœื• ืœื—ื•ืคืฉื•ืช ื”ืงื™ืฅ. ื™ืฉ ืฉื ื‘ื’ื“ื™ ื™ื ื‘ื’ื•ื•ื ื™ื ืงืจื“ืฉื™ืื ื™ื™ื, ืฉืžืœื•ืช ื—ื•ืฃ ื•ื—ืฆืื™ื•ืช ืžื™ื ื™ืžืœื™ืกื˜ื™ื•ืช โ€“ ื•ื”ื›ืœ ื‘ืžื—ื™ืจื™ื ืฉืคื•ื™ื™ื ื•ืขื ืžืฉืœื•ื— ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ

ืขื ืฉืœืœ ื‘ื’ื“ื™ ื™ื, ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื ื ื™ื ื•ื—ื™ื ื•ืืื•ื˜ืคื™ื˜ ืขืจื‘ ืœื•ื”ื˜ ืื—ื“ โ€“ ื”ื“ื•ื’ืžื ื™ืช ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช ืขื•ืฉื” ื—ื•ืคืฉื” ื‘ืœื™ ืœื–ื•ื– ืžื”ืืจืฅ, ื•ื–ื” ื™ืคื” ื›ืžื• ืฉื–ื” ื ืฉืžืข

ื›ื‘ืจ ืฉื ื” ื•ื—ืฆื™ ื‘ืจืื“ ืคื™ื˜ ื‘ื–ื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืขื ืื™ื ืก ื“ื” ืจืžื•ืŸ, ืžืขืฆื‘ืช ืชื›ืฉื™ื˜ื™ื ื•ื”ืืงืกื™ืช ืฉืœ ืคื•ืœ ื•ื•ืกืœื™, ื›ื•ื›ื‘ "ื™ื•ืžื ื™ ื”ืขืจืคื“". ืืชืžื•ืœ ื”ื ื”ื’ื™ืขื• ื™ื“ ื‘ื™ื“ ืœื’ืจื ื“ื™ ืคืจื™ ื”ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™ ืœื‘ื•ืฉื™ื ื‘ืชื™ืื•ื ืžื•ืฉืœื ืฉืœ ื’ื•ื•ื ื™ ืคืกื˜ืœ ื•ื’ื ื‘ื• ืœื›ื•ืœื ืืช ื”ื”ืฆื’ื”. ืฆืœืœื ื• ืœืชื•ืš ื”ืคื™ื“ ืฉืœ ืื™ื ืก ื•ื’ื™ืœื™ื ื• ืื™ืฉื” ื—ื•ื‘ื‘ืช ืงื–ื•'ืืœ, ืื‘ืœ ื’ื ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ื˜ื•ื‘ ืžืื“ ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืœืฉืžืœื•ืช ืขืจื‘ ื›ืฉืฆืจื™ืš

ืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื•ืช ืฉื’ื ืืชื ืจืื™ืชื ืืช ื”ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืืœื” ื•ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉื—ืฉื‘ืชื ื”ื•ื "ืื•ืžื™ื™ื’ื“, ืืฉืžื— ืœื“ืขืช ื”ื›ืœ ืขืœ ื”ืœื•ืง ื”ืงื™ืฆื™ ื”ื ื”ื“ืจ ื”ื–ื”". ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื–ื” ืื ื—ื ื• ื›ืืŸ, ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ. ืื›ืŸ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืœื•ืง ืฉืงืฉื” ืœื”ืชืขืœื ืžืžื ื• ื•ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ืกืคื™ืง ืœื”ืชื‘ืœื˜ ื‘ืงื•ืœืงืฆื™ื” ืฉืœ ืžื•ืชื’ ื”ืขืœ ื”ื›ื™ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ, ืื‘ืœ ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืชื—ื•ืฉื” ืฉืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื”ื•ื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืืคื™ืœื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ื–ื›ื™ืจ

ื“ื ื™ืช ื™ืฆืื” ืœื—ื•ืคืฉืช ืคื•ืกื˜ "ืจื•ืงื“ื™ื ืขื ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื" ื‘ืžื™ืงื•ื ื•ืก, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœื—ื’ื•ื’ - ื”ื™ื ื ื—ื” ืžืžื—ืœื”. ื’ื ื›ืฉื”ื™ื ืื™ื ื” ื‘ืžื™ื˜ื‘ื”, ื’ืจื™ื ื‘ืจื’ ืžืฉืงื™ืขื” ื‘ืืื•ื˜ืคื™ื˜ื™ื ืงื™ืฆื™ื™ื ืกื•ืคืจ ื˜ืจื ื“ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื’ืžืจื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœืงื—ืช ืžื”ื ื”ืฉืจืื” ืœื—ื•ืคืฉื” ื”ื‘ืื”, ืื• ืœืกืชื ื™ื•ื ื‘ื™ื