ืจืืฉื™ ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช FF

ื”ื›ื•ื›ื‘ืช ื ืžืฆืืช ื‘ืฉื™ืื• ืฉืœ ืžืกืข ืงื™ื“ื•ื ืฉื ื•ื™ ื‘ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืื•ืคื ืชื™ืช, ืื‘ืœ ื”ืœื•ืง ื”ื–ื” ืชืคืก ืืช ืชืฉื•ืžืช ื”ืœื‘ ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช. ืœื™ื™ื‘ืœื™ ืฉื™ื—ื–ืจื” ืžืจืื” ืื™ืงื•ื ื™, ืื•ืชื• ืœื‘ืฉื” ื‘ืฉื ื•ืช ื”-2000 ื”ืžื•ืงื“ืžื•ืช ืœื ืื—ืจืช ืžืืฉืจ ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ ืกืคื™ืจืก

ืœืžื˜ ื’ืืœื” ื”ื™ื ืœื ื”ื’ื™ืขื” ื”ืฉื ื”, ื•ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืกื•ืฃ ืกื•ืฃ ืžืชืงื‘ืœ ืื™ื–ืฉื”ื• ืคื™ืฆื•ื™ ืืงืกื˜ืจื•ื•ื’ื ื˜ื™ ื‘ืฆื•ืจืช ื”ืืื•ื˜ืคื™ื˜ ืฉืœื” ืœืคืกื˜ื™ื‘ืœ ื‘ื‘ืจื‘ื“ื•ืก. ืจื™ืจื™, ืื ืœืฉื ื™ ืงื˜ื ื˜ื ื™ื, ื”ื’ื™ืขื” ืœืฉืจื•ืฃ ืงืฆืช ืืช ืจื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืื™ ื”ืงืจื™ื‘ื™ ืฉื‘ื• ื’ื“ืœื”, ื•ืขืฉืชื” ื–ืืช ื‘ืžืจืื” ื”ืžืกื•ืจืชื™ ื•ื”ืžืฉื’ืข

ืืœื” ื˜ืจื‘ื•ืœื˜ื” ื‘ืช ื”-24 ื”ื’ื™ืขื” ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ืื‘ื™ื” ื’'ื•ืŸ ืœืฆืคื•ืช ื‘ืชื—ืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื ื‘ื—ืจืช ื”ื”ืชืขืžืœื•ืช ืžืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ื•ื’ื ื‘ื” ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืคื•ืงื•ืก. ืขื ืœื•ืง ืฆืจืคืชื™ ืงืœืืกื™ ื•ื”ื•ืžืื–' ืคืจื™ื–ืื™ ืงื˜ืŸ ื‘ื“ืžื•ืช ื›ื•ื‘ืข ื‘ืจื˜ ืฉื—ื•ืจ โ€“ ืืœื” ื ืจืืชื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื”ื•ืจืกืช

ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื”ืชืคืจืกืžื” ืขืœ ื”ืžืกืš, ื˜ืœื™ื” ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื” ืขืกืงื” ื‘ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ืื•ืคื ื”. ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื”, ื”ื™ื ืžืกืคืจืช, ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืœืจืฆื•ืช ืœื’ืขืช ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืชื—ื•ื. ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื–ื” ืงื•ืจื”, ื‘ื—ืกื•ืช ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื” ืฉื”ื•ื "ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืขื•ื“ ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื”" - ื•ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื” ื”ื›ื™ื ื” ื›ืžื” ืœื•ืงื™ื ืกื•ืคืจ ืžืกืงืจื ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื“ื’ื™ื

ื”ื™ื ืื•ืžื ื ืœื ืžืชื—ืจื”, ืื‘ืœ ืื™ืŸ ืกืคืง ืฉืงื ื“ืœ ื’'ื ืจ ืฉื•ืื‘ืช ืืœื™ื” ืœื ืžืขื˜ ืชืฉื•ืžืช ืœื‘ ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืื•ืœื™ืžืคื™ืื“ื” ื‘ืคืจื™ื–. ื–ื” ื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืขื ื‘ื’ื“ื™ ื ื‘ื—ืจืช ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ื•ื”ืžืฉื™ืš ื‘ืžื‘ื—ืจ ืœื•ืงื™ื ื”ื•ืจืกื™ื ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“. ืขืคื ื• ืขืœ ื—ืœื™ืคืช ื”ืžื™ื ื™ ื”ืงืฆืจืฆืจื” ืฉื—ืฉืคื” ืืช ื ืชื•ื ื™ื” ื›ื“ื•ื’ืžื ื™ืช ืขืœ

ื‘ืžืžืœื›ืช ื”ืืกืงืคื™ื–ื ื”ืงื˜ื ื” ืฉืœื ื•, ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืงื•ืจื” ื›ืจื’ืข ื‘ืื•ืœื™ืžืคื™ืื“ืช ืคืจื™ื–. ืฉื ื ื•ืœื“ื” ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข ืžื™ ืฉืชื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืงืžืคื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ื‘ืœื ืกื™ืื’ื”, ืื ื™ืฉ ืฆื“ืง ื•ื”ื™ื’ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืขื•ืœื, ืœืฆื“ ืฉืœืœ ืื•ื‘ืกืกื™ื•ืช ืื•ืคื ืชื™ื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช: ื”ืชื›ืฉื™ื˜ ื”ื›ื™ ื™ืคื” ื‘ื›ืคืจ, ืงื•ืœืงืฆื™ื™ืช ื”ืกื•ื•ื“ืจื™ื ื”ืžื˜ืจื™ืคื” ื‘ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืงื•ืคืฅ ื—ื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื•ืขื•ื“. ืจืง ื™ืขืœ ืฉืœื‘ื™ื” ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื” ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืื•ืชื ื• ืงืฆืช ืžืฉืœื•ื•ืชื ื•. ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช, ืฉืืœื•ืช ื•ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ืขืœ ืžื” ืฉืงืจื” ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืื•ืคื ื”

ืกืคืจื• ืœื ื• ื‘ืื™ื–ื• ืชื—ืจื•ืช ื ื™ืฆื—ืชืŸ ื•ืื•ืœื™ ืชื–ื›ื• ื‘ืงืจื ืคื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืื’ื•ืกื˜ื™ื ื•ืก ื‘ืื“ืจ ื‘ืฉื•ื•ื™ 785 ืฉืงืœื™ื

"ื‘ื ื ื”ื•ื˜", ืžื•ืชื’ ื‘ื’ื“ื™ ื”ื™ื ื•ื”ื—ื•ืฃ ืฉืœ ื ื˜ืข ืืœื—ื™ืžืกื˜ืจ ื•ื ื•ืขื” ื‘ื ื™, ื”ื•ื ืื—ื“ ื”ืžื•ืชื’ื™ื ื”ืื”ื•ื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืกืœื‘ืก ื•ื‘ื›ืœืœ. ื”ื“ื’ื ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ื•ื”ืกื•ืคืจ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ืชื’ - ื”ื ืงืจื "ืžืจืžื™ื™ื“" ื”ื•ื ื“ืคื ื˜ืœื™ ืื—ื“ ื”ื™ืคื™ื ืฉื™ืฆืื•. ืื– ื”ื“ื’ื ืขืฆืžื• ื ื”ื“ืจ, ืื‘ืœ ื’ื ืžืื“ ื™ืงืจ ื•ื ื“ืžื” ื›ื™ ื”ืงื”ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ืชื’ ืงืฆืช ืžืชื•ืกื›ืœ ืžื”ืžื—ื™ืจ ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื”. ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืชื—ื•ืฉื” ืฉื‘ืจื’ืข ืฉื‘ื’ื“ ื”ื™ื ื”ื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืกื™ื™ืœ, ืชื”ื™ื” ืขืœื™ื• ื”ืชื ืคืœื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื ื™ืช

ืื—ืจื™ ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ื”"ืกื™ื™ื‘ ื“ื” ื“ื™ื™ื˜" ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ืจื™, ืžื•ื˜ื™ื‘ ื”ืฉื—ื•ืจ-ืœื‘ืŸ ืžืžืฉื™ืš ืœืžืกื™ื‘ืช ื”ืจื•ื•ืงื•ืช ืฉืœ ืกืคื™ืจ ื‘ื•ืจื’ื™ืœ, ืฉืชื™ื ืฉื ืœืื‘ืจื”ื ืืงืœื•ื ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉ. ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื›ืœ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืชื™ื” ืœื‘ืฉื• ื‘ื’ื“ื™ ื™ื ืฉื—ื•ืจื™ื, ื”ื™ื ื–ื”ืจื” ื‘ืœื‘ืŸ - ื•ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœื’ืœื•ืช ืžืื™ืคื” ื”ื“ื’ื ื”ืžื•ืฆืœื— ื”ื–ื”

ื‘ื ื™ ื”ื–ื•ื’, ืžืจื’ื™ ื•ืื ื”, ื ืกืขื• ืœื“ืจื•ื ืื™ื˜ืœื™ื” ื•ื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืœืขื™ื™ืจืช ื”ื—ื•ืฃ ืกื•ืจื˜ื ื•, ืฉื ื”ื ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื™ืคื™ื, ืจื•ืžื ื˜ื™ื ื•ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืžืœื ืคืกื˜ื”. ืื ื” ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื” ืœืงื—ืช ืžื˜ืคื—ืช ื•ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืื•ืชื” ืœื˜ื•ืค ืงื˜ืŸ. ืžืจื’ื™ ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ืœื”ืชืื™ื ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ืœื‘ืช ื”ื–ื•ื’ ื•ื—ื‘ืฉ ืืช ื”ืžื˜ืคื—ืช ืฉืœื• ืขืœ ื”ืจืืฉ. ื›ืžื” ื”ื ื”ื•ืจืกื™ื ื™ื—ื“

ื‘ืคืจืงื™ื ื”ืงื•ื“ืžื™ื: ื—ื“ื™ื“ ื ื‘ื—ืจื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื—ืœืง ืžืงืžืคื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ืื“ื™ื“ืก ื”ืžืงื“ื ืืช ื“ื’ื Cult SL 72, ืฉื™ื•ืขื“ ื‘ืžืงื•ืจ ืœืืฆื ื™ื ื‘ืื•ืœื™ืžืคื™ืื“ืช ืžื™ื ื›ืŸ 1972. ื”ืชื’ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื–ื•ืขืžื•ืช ืขืœ ื—ื•ืกืจ ื”ืจื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื‘ื”ืง ืฉืœ ืื“ื™ื“ืก ื•ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ื‘ื“ื•ื’ืžื ื™ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ืช, ืฉื™ื“ื•ืขื” ื‘ื“ืขื•ืชื™ื” ื”ืคืจื•-ืคืœืกื˜ื™ื ื™ื•ืช, ืœื ืื™ื—ืจื• ืœื‘ื•ื. ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื”ื™ื ืžื’ื™ื‘ื” ืœืจืืฉื•ื ื”

ืžืœื›ืช ืกืคืจื“ ื›ื™ื‘ื“ื” ื‘ื ื•ื›ื—ื•ืชื” ื˜ืงืก ืกื™ื•ื ืฉืœ ืคืกื˜ื™ื‘ืœ ืกืจื˜ื™ื ื‘ืคืœืžื” ื“ื” ืžื™ื•ืจืงื”. ืœื˜ื™ืกื™ื” ื‘ื—ืจื” ื‘ื˜ื•ื˜ืืœ-ืœื•ืง ื‘ืœื™ื ื’ื™ ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืฉืžืชื‘ืกืก ืขืœ ืฉืžืœืช ื›ืชืคื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื•ืชื’ ื”ื™ื•ืงืจื” ื‘ื•ืก. ืืช ื”ื ืขืœื™ื™ื ื”ื™ื ืงื ืชื” ื›ื ืจืื” ื‘ืกื™ื™ืœ ืฉืœ ืžื ื’ื• ื•ื”ืŸ ืœื ืคื—ื•ืช ืฉื•ื•ืช

ื”ืื•ื‘ืกืกื™ื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ื”ื™ื ืœื•ืื ื” ืืœื•ื ืกื•, ืฉื—ื™ื™ื ื™ืช ืคืจื’ื•ื•ืื ื™ืช ื‘ืช 20. ื”ืฉื—ื™ื™ื ื™ืช ื”ืฆืขื™ืจื” ื•ื”ื‘ืœื•ื ื“ื™ื ื™ืช ื ืจืื™ืช ื›ืื™ืœื• ื”ื™ื ื ืฉืœืคื” ื”ื™ื™ืฉืจ ืžื”ื•ืœื™ื•ื•ื“, ื•ื”ืขื•ืงื‘ื™ื ืื—ืจ ื”ืžืฉื—ืงื™ื ื”ืื•ืœื™ืžืคื™ื ืœื ืคืกืคืกื• ืืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ื”ื–ืืช. ืขื ืงืขืงื•ืข ืฉืœ ืœื•ื’ื• ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื•ืช ืขืœ ืจื’ืœื” ื•ืื™ืŸ ืกื•ืฃ ื‘ื’ื“ื™ ื™ื ื”ื•ืจืกื™ื, ืืœื•ื ืกื• ื”ื™ื ืœื’ืžืจื™ ื”ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื—ื ืžืคืจื™ื–

ื‘ืชืขืจื•ื›ื” ื”ื—ื“ืฉื” ืฉื ืคืชื—ืช ื”ื™ื•ื ื‘ืžื•ื–ื™ืื•ืŸ ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžื•ืฆื’ื™ื ื–ื” ืœืฆื“ ื–ื” ืคืจื™ื˜ื™ื ืžื›ืœ ืฉื ื•ืช ืคืขื™ืœื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ืชื’, ืฉื”ืคืš ืœืกืžืœ ืžืงื•ืžื™. ืฉืžืœื•ืช ืžืœืื•ืช ื—ืจื•ื–ื™ื, ืจืงืžื•ืช ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื™ื“ ื•ืืจื™ื’ื™ื ืžื•ืคืœืื™ื - ื‘ืจื™ื—ื” ืงื˜ื ื” ืžื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืืœ ืขื•ืœื ืฉืœ ื™ื•ืคื™ ื•ื™ืฆื™ืจื” ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช

ืžื™ื™ื’ืŸ ืžืจืงืœ ื”ื’ื™ืขื” ืœื”ืžืคื˜ื•ื ืก ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื“ื ืืช ืžื•ืชื’ ื”ืœื™ื™ืคืกื˜ื™ื™ืœ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœื” ื•ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืขืฆื•ืช ืขืกืงื™ื•ืช ืœื‘ื™ื™ื‘ื™ ื”ื™ื–ืžื™ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ื•ื”ืžืกืงืจืŸ. ื”ื™ื ื‘ื—ืจื” ื‘ืกื˜ ืฉืœ ื•ืกื˜ ื•ืžื›ื ืกื™ื™ื ืจื—ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื’ื•ื•ืŸ ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ืžืคืฉืชืŸ ื•ื ืจืืชื” ืœื ืคื—ื•ืช ืžืžื“ื”ื™ื. ืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ืงืจืืฉ ืขืœ ืžืฉืงืคื™ ื”ืฉืžืฉ ืฉืœื” ื•ื’ื™ืœื™ื ื• ื’ื ืžืื™ืคื” ื”ื