ืจืืฉื™ ืžืืžืจื™ื ืžืืช ื ื˜ืขืœื™ ื’ื‘ื™ืจืฅ

ื”ื™ื™ื“ื™ ืงืœื•ื, ื“ื•ื’ืžื ื™ืช-ืขืœ, ืืฉืช ืขืกืงื™ื ืžืžื•ืœื—ืช ื•ืื™ื™ืงื•ืŸ ืจื™ืืœื™ื˜ื™ ื”ืชืืจืกื” ืœื‘ืŸ ื–ื•ื’ื” ื”ืฆืขื™ืจ ืžืžื ื” ื‘-16 ืฉื ื™ื. ืืช ื”ืื™ืจื•ืกื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื ืคืจืกืžื” ื‘ืื™ื ืกื˜ื’ืจื ื›ืฉื”ืขืœืชื” ืชืžื•ื ื” ืขื ื”ื˜ื‘ืขืช ืฉืงื‘ืœื”. ืœื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื˜ื‘ืขืช ื™ื”ืœื•ื ืจื’ื™ืœื”, ืืœื ื‘ื˜ื‘ืขืช ืžืกื•ื’ ืฉืชื•ืคืก ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื•ืช ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื” ื•ืžื›ื•ื ื” ืื ื˜ื™-ื™ื”ืœื•ื. ื›ืœ ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื˜ื‘ืขืช ืฉื›ื•ืœื ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœื™ื”

ื”ื“ื•ื›ืกื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืคื•ืจืกืžื•ืช ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื• ืœืฉื™ื ืกื•ืฃ ืœืฉืžื•ืขื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืจื™ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืืจืžื•ืŸ ืงื ื–ื™ื ื’ื˜ื•ืŸ, ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืœื—ื’ ื”ืžื•ืœื“. ื”ืฉืชื™ื™ื ืฆืขื“ื• ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื•ื™ืœ ื•ื”ืืจื™ ืืœ ืขื‘ืจ ื”ื›ื ืกื™ื™ื” ื”ื—ื‘ื™ื‘ื” ืขืœ ื”ืžืœื›ื” ื›ืฉื”ืŸ ืžืฆื™ื’ื•ืช ื—ื–ื™ืช ืื—ื™ื“ื”, ืขืœื™ื–ื”, ื•ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ โ€“ ืžืœืืช ืกื˜ื™ื™ืœ. ื”ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื ืฉื•ื ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืœืจื•ื•ื—ื” ื•ืœืฉื•ื‘ ืœื—ื’ื•ื’ ืขื ื™ืงื™ืจื™ื”ื

ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืฉื ื”, ื”ืกื•ืคืจืžื•ื“ืœ ื‘ืช ื”-48 ืฉื™ื“ื•ืขื” ื‘ืฉื™ืขืจื” ื”ืืจื•ืš ื•ื”ื—ืœืง ืžืื•ื“, ืกื™ืคืจื” ื‘ืจืื™ื•ืŸ ื›ื™ ื™ืžื™ ื”ื“ื•ื’ืžื ื•ืช ืฉืœื” ื’ื‘ื• ืžื—ื™ืจ ืงืฉื” ืขืœ ืฉื™ืขืจื” ื”ืžืงื•ืจื™ ื•ืฉื”ื™ื ืกื•ื‘ืœืช ืžืงืจื—ื•ืช. ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื” ืœื—ืฉื•ืฃ ื”ื›ืœ, ื•ื‘ืคื•ืกื˜ ืืžื™ืฅ ื‘ืื™ื ืกื˜ื’ืจื ืฉืœื” ื”ืฆื™ื’ื” ืืช ืžื” ืฉืžืกืชืชืจ ืžืชื—ืช ืœืคืื” ื”ืžืคื•ืจืกืžืช ืฉืœื”

ื‘ื™ื•ื ืกื” ื”ื’ื™ืขื” ืœืื™ืจื•ืข ื‘ืืื•ื˜ืคื™ื˜ ื›ืกื•ืฃ ืฉื’ืจื ืœืจื‘ื™ื ืœื’ืจื“ ืืช ื”ืจืืฉ ื•ืœืชืžื•ื” ื”ืื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉืฉื›ื—ื” ืœื”ืชืœื‘ืฉ, ื•ืื•ืœื™ ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื–ืณืงื˜ ื•ื‘ื’ื“ ื’ื•ืฃ ื–ื” ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ?

ืœื ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืื ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืœืžื•ื ื“ื• ื ืจืื™ืช ื›ืžื• ืฉื—ืงื ื™ืช ืžื”ื’ืœ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ื”ืงื•ืœื ื•ืข ื”ืฆืจืคืชื™. ืกื‘ื ืฉืœื” ื”ื•ื ื–'ืืŸ-ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืœืžื•ื ื“ื•, ืื—ื“ ื”ืฉื—ืงื ื™ื ื”ื›ื™ ืื™ื™ืงื•ื ื™ื ืฉื ืจืื• ืขืœ ื”ืžืกืš, ื•ืื ืœืฉืคื•ื˜ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืงืจื™ื™ืจืช ื”ื“ื•ื’ืžื ื•ืช ื•ืคื™ื“ ื”ืื™ื ืกื˜ื’ืจื ืฉืœื”, ื”ื’ื ื™ื ื”ืžืฉื•ื‘ื—ื™ื ื•ื”ื”ื•-ื›ื”-ืฉื™ืงื™ื™ื ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ืขืฉื• ืืช ืฉืœื”ื

ื‘ืชืžื•ื ื” ืกืœืคื™ ืจื’ื™ืœื” ืœืžื“ื™ ื—ื•ืฉืคืช ืงื™ื ืืช ืื•ืกืฃ ืชื™ืงื™ ื”ื”ืจืžืก ื”ืžื˜ื•ืจืฃ ืฉืœื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื•ืœืœื™ื ืชื™ืงื™ ื‘ื™ืจืงื™ืŸ ื‘ื›ืœ ืžื™ื ื™ื, ื”ืฆื‘ืขื™ื ื•ื”ื’ื“ืœื™ื. "ืื ื™ ืžื ืกื” ืœื”ื“ื—ื™ืง ืืช ื”ืžื—ื™ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืชื™ืงื™ื ื”ืืœื”", ืกื™ืคืจื” ื‘ืจืื™ื•ืŸ. ื‘ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื›ืœืœื™ ืฉืœ ืžื” ืฉืงื•ืจื” ื‘ืชืžื•ื ื” ื”ื–ื• ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืชื™ืงื™ื ืฉืฉื•ื•ื™ื ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ื ื•ืื ืชื—ืœื™ื˜ ืื™ ืคืขื ืœืžื›ื•ืจ ืื•ืชื, ื”ื ื™ื”ื™ื• ืฉื•ื•ื™ื ืขื•ื“ ื™ื•ืชืจ

ื”ืฉื—ืงื ื™ืช ื”ืžืฆืœื™ื—ื” ืจื™ื™ืฆ'ืœ ืžืงืื“ืžืก ืฉืžืจื” ื‘ื—ืฉืื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช ืขืœ ื”ืจื™ื•ื ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ, ื•ืจืง ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืฉื‘ืขื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืœื™ื“ื”, ื”ื™ื ืžื•ื›ื ื” ืœื—ืฉื•ืฃ ืคืจื˜ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ื•ืื™ื ื˜ื™ืžื™ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื—ื™ื™ื” ื›ืื™ืžื ื˜ืจื™ื™ื”. ื‘ื”ืคืงืช ืื•ืคื ื” ื—ื“ืฉื”, ืขื ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื ืฉืœ ื•ืจืกืืฆ'ื” ื•ื™ื”ืœื•ืžื™ื ืฉืœ ื‘ื•ืœื’ืจื™, ื”ื™ื ืžืฆื•ืœืžืช ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื ืฉื•ืื‘ืช ื—ืœื‘ ืื. ื”ืจืฉืช, ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ืœื ื ืฉืืจื” ืื“ื™ืฉื”

ื—ื“ื™ ื”ืขื™ืŸ ื”ื‘ื—ื™ื ื• ืฉื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžืœื›ื•ืชื™ ืฉืœ ื•ืจืื™ื™ื˜ื™, ืขื ื“ื” ืžื™ื™ื’ืŸ ืžืจืงืœ ืขืœ ื”ืืฆื‘ืข ื˜ื‘ืขืช ื—ืžืกื” ืžื–ื”ื‘. ืืชืจื™ ื”ืื•ืคื ื” ืขืกื•ืงื™ื ื‘ื”ืกื‘ืจื™ื ืžื“ื•ืข ื”ื™ื ืขื•ื ื“ืช ื˜ื‘ืขืช ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ื›ืฃ ื™ื“ ืขืœ ื”ืืฆื‘ืข ื•ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืžื ืชื—ื™ื ืžืžื™ ื”ื™ื ืฉื•ืžืจืช ืขื™ืŸ ื”ืจืข. ื›ืœ ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื˜ื‘ืขืช ืฉื’ื ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ื™ื ืœืงื ื•ืช ื‘ืžื—ื™ืจ ืœื ืžืื“ ื’ื‘ื•ื”

ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื”ืคืชื™ืขื” ืืช ื›ื•ืœื ื•ื”ืฉืื™ืจื” ืœืกืชื•ืช ืฉืžื•ื˜ื•ืช ื›ืฉื”ืขื ื™ืงื” ืขืœ ื‘ืžืช ืคืจืกื™ ื”ืื•ืคื ื” ื”ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™ื™ื, ืžื’ื™ื—ื” ืžื™ื™ื’ืŸ ืžืจืงืœ ืœืื™ืจื•ืข ื—ื’ ื‘ืฉืžืœืช ืคืจื™ื ื˜ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ืชื’ ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ "ื‘ืจื•ืง ืงื•ืœืงืฉืŸ". ืžืจืงืœ ืœื ืžืกืชื™ืจื” ืืช ื”ื‘ื˜ืŸ ื•ืžืฆื™ื’ื” ืกื˜ื™ื™ืœ ื”ืจื™ื•ื ื™ ืžืฉื•ื‘ื—. ื›ืœ ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื ืขืœ ืžื” ืœื‘ืฉื” ื”ื ืกื™ื›ื”

ืจื’ืข ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื”ืชื‘ืฉืจื• ืขืœ ืฆื ื™ื—ื” ื‘ืžื ื™ื” ืฉืœ ืืกื•ืก ื‘ื›ืžืขื˜ 40 ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื, ืืคืฉืจ ืงืฆืช ืœื ืฉื•ื ืœืจื•ื•ื—ื”. ื’ื•ืจื ื‘ืขื ืฃ ืžื•ืกืจ ื›ื™ ืืกื•ืก ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ื™ืฆื™ื‘ ื•ื”ื—ื‘ื™ืœื•ืช ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื•ืช ื›ืจื’ื™ืœ. ืœืฆื“ ื–ื” ืืคืฉืจ ืœืจืื•ืช ืื™ืš ื”ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ื”ื–ื• ืžืฉืคื™ืขื” ืขืœ ืžื•ืชื’ื™ ืื•ืคื ื” ืื—ืจื™ื ื›ืžื• ื ืงืกื˜, ืžืจืงืก ืื ื“ ืกืคื ืกืจ ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืคืจื™ื™ืžืจืง. ื›ืœ ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืคืจืฉื” ืฉืžืกืขื™ืจื” ืืช ืขื•ืœื ื”ืื•ืคื ื”

ื”ื ื—ื•ืช ื”ืขื ืง ืฉื”ืฆื™ืขื” ื”ืจืฉืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™ืช ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืœื ื”ื‘ื™ืื• ืœืขืœื™ื™ื” ื‘ืžื›ื™ืจื•ืช, ื•ื”ื“ื•"ื— ืฉืžืชืคืจืกื ื›ืขืช ืžืฆื™ื’ื™ื ืชืžื•ื ื” ืขื’ื•ืžื”. ื–ื” ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื“ืื•ื’?

ืžืกืชื‘ืจ ืฉื’ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืœื•ื›ื”, ืžืžืฉ ื›ืžื• ื‘ื‘ืชื™ื ืฉืœ ื›ื•ืœื ื•, ื”ืื—ื™ื ื”ืงื˜ื ื™ื ื ืืœืฆื™ื ืœื”ืกืชืคืง ื‘ืฉืืจื™ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื ืฉืœ ืืœื” ืฉื‘ืื• ืœืคื ื™ื”ื. ื‘ืชืฆืœื•ื ื—ื’ ื”ืžื•ืœื“ ื”ืžืฉืคื—ืชื™ ืœื•ื‘ืฉืช ืฉืจืœื•ื˜ ื”ืžืชื•ืงื” ืงืจื“ื™ื’ืŸ ืฉืžื›ื›ื‘ ืœื ืžืขื˜ ื‘ืืœื‘ื•ื ื”ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื•ื•ื™ื ื“ื–ื•ืจื™ื, ื•ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื”ื™ื” ืฉื™ื™ืš ื‘ืžืงื•ืจ ืœื’'ื•ืจื’', ื”ื•ื ื ืจืื” ืขืœื™ื” ืžืงืกื™ื

ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืœื‘ืŸ ื ืžืฆื ื›ืขืช ื‘ื—ื’ื™ื’ื•ืช ืฉื™ื ืœื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื—ื’ ื”ืžื•ืœื“, ื•ืžื™ ืื ืœื ืžืœื ื™ื” ื˜ืจืืžืค ืชืงืคื•ืฅ ืขืœ ื”ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ืœื”ืจื™ื ื‘ืืื•ื˜ืคื™ื˜ื™ื ื ื•ืฆืฆื™ื ื•ืงื™ืฉื•ื˜ื™ื ื™ืงืจื™ื. ืœื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื ืฉืฃ ื”ื—ื’ ืฉื”ืชืงื™ื™ื ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข, ื”ื™ื ื“ืคืงื” ื”ื•ืคืขื” ื‘ืฉืžืœืช ื’ื•ืœืฃ ืœื‘ื ื” ื•ืžื˜ืจื™ืคื”, ืฉืขื•ืช ืกืคื•ืจื•ืช ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื“ื™ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืœื•ื ื“ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ (ื•ื”ืžื•ื–ืจ) ืฉื”ืฆื™ื’ื” ื‘ืจืื™ื•ืŸ ืœืจืฉืช ืคื•ืงืก

ืจืง ืชื›ื ื™ืช ืจื™ืืœื™ื˜ื™ ื—ืกืจื” ืœืืœื™ืก, ื•ื™ื•ืœื˜ ื•ืืœื™ื™ื–ื” ืžืื ืจืก โ€“ ื”ืื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืืจ "ืœื™ื™ื“ื™ื–" ืฉื—ื™ื•ืช ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ืื—ื™ื”ืŸ ื•ื”ื”ื•ืจื™ื ื”ื’ืจื•ืฉื™ื ืฉืœื”ืŸ ื‘ืื—ืช ื”ื˜ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ื•ื”ืžืคื•ืืจื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ื”. ื”ืŸ ืžื“ื’ืžื ื•ืช, ืขื•ืฉื•ืช ืกื˜ื™ื™ืœื™ื ื’ ื•ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืœื•ื‘ืฉื•ืช ืืช ื›ืœ ืคืจื™ื˜ื™ ื”ืžืขืฆื‘ื™ื ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœื—ืœื•ื ืขืœื™ื”ื. ืœื ืคืœื ืฉื”ืื•ืžื” ื”ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™ืช ื‘ืื•ื‘ืกืก ืขืœื™ื”ืŸ

ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืžื”ืื’ื“ื•ืช โ€“ ืžื•ื›ืจืช ื‘ื—ื ื•ืช ื™ื“ ืฉื ื™ื” ืจื›ืฉื” ืœืขืฆืžื” ืฉืžืœืช ื ืฉืฃ ืœื ื™ืงืจื” ืžื“ื™ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืœื‘ื•ืฉ ืœืžืกื™ื‘ื”, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืชื—ืจื˜ื” ื•ืื—ืกื ื” ืื•ืชื” ืขืžื•ืง ื‘ืืจื•ืŸ. ืฉื ื™ื ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ื ืชืงืœื” ื‘ืชืžื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื ืกื™ื›ื” ื“ื™ืื ื” ื‘ืื•ืชื” ื”ืฉืžืœื” ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื” ืื•ืฆืจ ืžื˜ื•ืจืฃ ื‘ืืจื•ืŸ. ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื”ื™ื ื ืžื›ืจื” ื‘ืžื›ื™ืจื” ืคื•ืžื‘ื™ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-700 ืืœืฃ ืฉืงืœื™ื