ืจืืฉื™ ืžื™ื™ืœื™ ืกื™ื™ืจื•ืก

ื–ื” ืืžื ื ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ืฆื˜ืจืš ืœื”ืฆื™ื’ 18 ืงื•ืœืงืฆื™ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื ื”, ืื‘ืœ ืื™ื›ืฉื”ื• ืื ื—ื ื• ืกื•ืžื›ื•ืช ืขืœื™ื•. ื•ื’ื: ื“ืžื ื” ืžื‘ื™ื ืืช ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ ืกืคื™ืจืก ืœืžื•ืคืข ื”ืžื—ื•ื•ื” ื”ืขืฆืžื™ ืฉืœ ื‘ืœื ืกื™ืื’ื”, ืžื™ื™ืœื™ ืกื™ื™ืจื•ืก ืฉื•ืจืคืช ืืช ื”ืจื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืœื•ืงื™ื ืฉื”ื ืžืคื’ืŸ ืขื•ืฆืžื”, ื”ืžืขืฆื‘ ืฉืœ "ื—ื–ื™ื™ืช ื”ืฉื“ื™ื™ื" ื ื•ื—ืช ื‘ืืจืฅ, ื”ืืจื™ ืกื˜ื™ื™ืœืก ืžืฆื™ื’ ืืช ื”ื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ืžืกืงืจืŸ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืงื™ืฅ ื”ื–ื”, ื•ื™ืฉ ืงื™ื™ืก-ืื™ื™ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื™ืจืืœื™ ื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ืฉื›ื•ื ื”. ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช, ืฉืืœื•ืช ื•ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ืขืœ ืžื” ืฉืงืจื” ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืื•ืคื ื”

ืœื ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืื ืžื™ื™ืœื™ ืกื™ื™ืจื•ืก, ื‘ื™ืœื™ ืื™ื™ืœื™ืฉ ื•ืœื™ื™ื“ื™ ื’ืื’ื ื—ื•ื• ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข ืชืงืจื™ืช ืžืฉื•ืœืฉืช ืฉืœ "ื‘ื™ืฅ' ืกื˜ื•ืœ ืžื™ื™ ื”ื™ื™ืจ", ืื• ืฉื”ืฆื•ื•ืชื™ื ืฉืœื”ืŸ ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืชื™ืืžื• ืืช ื”ื”ื›ืจื–ื” ืขืœ ื”ืชืกืคื•ืจืช ื”ืœื•ื”ื˜ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืจื’ืข - ืื‘ืœ ืฉืœื•ืฉืชืŸ ื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืœื˜ืงืก ืคืจืกื™ ื”ื’ืจืืžื™ ื›ืฉื”ืŸ ืžื“ื’ืžื ื•ืช ืฉื™ืขืจ ืžื“ื•ื–ื” ืœืชืคืืจืช. ืžื” ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ื•ื”ืื ื’ื ืžื™ ืฉืื™ื ืŸ ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื•ืช-ืขืœ ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ืชืคืชื•ืช ืœืกื˜ื™ื™ืœ ื”ืื“ื’'ื™ ื”ื–ื”?

ื˜ืงืก ืคืจืกื™ ื”ืžื•ื–ื™ืงื” ืฉื ืขืจืš ืืžืฉ ื”ื™ื”, ื›ื”ืจื’ืœื• ื‘ืงื•ื“ืฉ, ื—ื’ื™ื’ื” ืฉืœ ื˜ืขื ืžืคื•ืงืคืง ืื‘ืœ ื’ื ื›ื™ืฃ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืœืžื‘ืงืจื™ ื”ืื•ืคื ื”. ืื• ื‘ืžื™ืœื™ื ืื—ืจื•ืช - ื”ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื•ืช ื—ื•ืฉืคื•ืช ื”ื›ืœ. ื•ืชื•ื“ื” ืœืžื™ื™ืœื™ ืกื™ื™ืจื•ืก ื”ืื—ืช ื•ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื”

ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืžื™ื™ืœื™ ืกื™ื™ืจื•ืก ืขื•ืฉื” ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ืขื ืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื ืœื•ื‘ืฉืช (ืื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ื ื›ื•ืŸ, ืขื ืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื ืœื ืœื•ื‘ืฉืช), ืื—ื•ืชื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ืจื ื“ื™ ืžืชื—ื–ืงืช ื‘ืœื•ื’ ืื•ืคื ื” ืขืœ ื˜ื”ืจืช ื”ืกื˜ื™ื™ืœ ื”ื›ืœ-ืืžืจื™ืงืื™, ื•ืžื•ื›ื™ื—ื” ื›ื™ ื™ืฉ ืฆื“ ืžืขื˜ ืฉืคื•ื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืžืฉืคื—ืช ืกื™ื™ืจื•ืก. ื–ื” ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืœืขืงื•ื‘

ืื—ื•ืช ืื—ืช ืขื•ืฉื” ืืช ื–ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ืขื•ื“ ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ืงืฆืช ืคื—ื•ืช. ื•ื’ื: ืœื™ื™ื“ื™ ื’ืื’ื ืขื•ืฉื” ืืช ื‘ื™ื˜ืœื’'ื•ืก, ื—ืืœื™ืกื™ ืžืชืœื‘ืฉืช ืžื“ื”ื™ื ื‘ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช, ืžื™ื™ืœื™ ืกื™ื™ืจื•ืก ื’ื•ืจืžืช ืœื ื• ืœืชื”ื•ืช ืขืœ ืงื ืงื ื” ื•ื›ืŸ ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช ืื—ืช ื‘ื”ื•ืคืขืช ืื•ืจื— ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช ื‘ืžื“ื•ืจ. ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืœื‘ืฉื• ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื•ืœื™ื•ื•ื“ ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข

ืจืžื–: ื–ื” ืœื ื ืจืื” ื˜ื•ื‘. ื•ื’ื, ื˜ื™ื™ืœื•ืจ ืกื•ื•ืคื™ื˜ ื ืฉืืจืช ื ืืžื ื”, ืจื™ืก ื•ื•ื™ืช'ืจืกืคื•ืŸ ืžืฆื˜ืจืคืช ืœืกื™ื™ื ื˜ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”, ืืžื‘ืจ ื”ืจื“ ืžืชืœื‘ืฉืช ื‘ืจื’ืข ื•ืžื™ื™ืœื™ ืกื™ื™ืจื•ืก ื›ืžืขื˜ ืžืฆืœื™ื—ื” ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืœื•ืง ื˜ื•ื‘. ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืœื‘ืฉื• ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื•ืœื™ื•ื•ื“ ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข

ื‘ืื“ื™ ื•ื•ื™ื ืงืœ ื”ื™ื ืกื‘ืชื ื‘ืช 86 ืžืงื ื˜ืงื™. ื™ืฉ ืœื” ื›ืžืขื˜ ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืขื•ืงื‘ื™ื ื‘ืื™ื ืกื˜ื’ืจื, ื›ืฉืื—ืช ืžื”ืŸ ื”ื™ื ืžื™ื™ืœื™ ืกื™ื™ืจื•ืก ืฉื—ื•ืœืžืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ื›ืฉืชื”ื™ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื”. ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื•ื•ื™ื ืงืœ ื–ื•ื›ื” ืœืงืžืคื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื’ื“ื™ ื™ื ื—ื“ืฉ ื•ืžื•ื›ื™ื—ื” ืฉื–ื” ืœื ื”ื’ื™ืœ, ื–ื” ื”ืชืจื’ื™ืœ

ื‘ืจ ืจืคืืœื™ ืžื”ืžืžืช ื‘ืฉืžืœื” ื›ืกื•ืคื” ื—ื•ืฉืคืช ื’ื‘, ืžื™ื™ืœื™ ืกื™ื™ืจื•ืก ื‘ื—ืœื™ืคืช ืืœื‘ื™ืก ืœื‘ื ื”, ืงื™ืจื” ื ื™ื™ื˜ืœื™ ืžืฆื™ื’ื” ื”ืจื™ื•ืŸ ืžื•ืฉืœื ื•ื’'ื ื™ืคืจ ืœื•ืคื– ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื” ืœืคืฉืœ. ืžื” ืœื‘ืฉื• ื”ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข

ืื– ืžื” ื”ื™ื” ืœื ื• ืขืœ ื”ืฉื˜ื™ื— ื”ืื“ื•ื ื”ืฉื ื”? ืฆื‘ืขื™ื ืขื“ื™ื ื™ื ื•ืจื•ืžื ื˜ื™ื™ื, ืฉืžืœื•ืช ืขื ื”ืจื‘ื” ื‘ื“ ื•ืฉืžืœื•ืช ืขื ืžืขื˜ ืžื“ื™. ืžื” ืœื‘ืฉื• ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื•ืœื™ื•ื•ื“ ื”ืฉื ื”. ื’ืจืกืช ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื

ื—ืœืง ื•ืžื™ื ื™ืžืœื™ืกื˜ื™, ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื•ืชืœืช ืžืžื“ ืื• ืขื ื”ื“ืคืก ื‘ื”ืฉืจืืช ื‘ื™ืช ืื•ืคื ื”. ื›ืœ ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ ืœื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ื ื™ื™ื“ ืžื‘ื˜ื ืขื•ืœื ื•ืžืœื•ืื•. ืื– ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ืชื™ืชืคืกื• ื‘ืงืื‘ืจ ืœื ืžืขื•ื“ื›ืŸ ืœืจื•ื— ื”ืชืงื•ืคื”, ื‘ื—ืจื ื• ืืช ื”ื›ื™ ืฉื•ื•ื™ื ื•ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืฉื™ื’

ื•ื’ื: ืžื™ื™ืœื™ ืกื™ื™ืจื•ืก ื‘ืชื—ืคื•ืฉืช, ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืžื™ื“ืœื˜ื•ืŸ ื™ืคื” ื‘ืฉื—ื•ืจ ื•ื’'ืกื™ืงื” ืฆ'ืกื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ื ืกื™ื›ื•ืชื™ืช. ื”ืžืชืœื‘ืฉื•ืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื•ื”ืจืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื•ืœื™ื•ื•ื“ ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข

ืจื™ืจื™ ื‘ืงืื‘ืจ ื›ืคื•ืœ ื•ืœื•ื”ื˜, ื‘ื™ื•ื ืกื” ื”ื•ืจืกืช ื‘ืฉื—ื•ืจ ืœื‘ืŸ, ืžื™ื™ืœื™ ืกื™ื™ืจื•ืก ืœื ืขื™ืจื•ืžื” ืœืฉื ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื•ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืžื•ืก ืžืงื‘ืœืช ืืช ื”ืฉืขืจ ื”-35 ืฉืœื” ืœื•ื•ื’ | ื”ืงืื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื›ื•ืœื ื™ื“ื‘ืจื• ืขืœื™ื”ื

ื”ืŸ ืื•ืœื™ ื ืจืื•ืช ื›ืžื• ื”ื›ืœืื” ืžื˜ื•ืจืคืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืœื›ืช ืกืื“ื•, ื‘ื•ืงืจืช ื•ืžื—ืœื™ืงื” ืขืœ ื”ืงืจื—, ืื‘ืœ ื”ื“ื™ื•ื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื ืžืชืคืฉืจื•ืช ืขืœ ืคื—ื•ืช ืžื–'ื™ื‘ื ืฉื™, ื•ืจืกืืฆ'ื” ื•ืงื•ื•ืืœื™ ื›ืฉื”ืŸ ืขื•ืœื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืžื” | ื•ื™ืฉ ื’ื, ืื™ืš ืœื, ื’ืื•ื•ื” ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช

ื•ื’ื: ืงื™ื™ืœื™ ื•ืงื ื“ืœ ื’'ื ืจ ื”ืŸ ื”ืงืจื“ื™ืฉืื ื– ื”ื—ืžื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืื•ืคื ื”, ืจื™ื”ืื ื” ืกื•ืคืจ ืกืงืกื™ืช ื‘ื—ื•ืœืฆื” ืฉืงื•ืคื” ื•ื—ืืœื™ืกื™ ื—ื•ื–ืจืช | ื”ืงืื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื—ืžื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉ

ื”ื›ื•ื›ื‘ืช ื”ืคืจื•ื‘ื•ืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื™ื ื”ืคื ื™ื ื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืขืฆื‘ ื”ืขืœ | ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื ืฉื™ืชืคื• ืคืขื•ืœื” ื”ืฉื ื” ื’ื ื‘ืคืจื•ื™ื™ืงื˜ ืขื™ืจื•ื ื‘ื›ื™ื›ื•ื‘ื” | ืจืง ืฉืœื ืชืขืฉื” ืคืื“ื™ื—ื•ืช