ืื™ืš ื–ื” ืืžื™ืชื™? ื”ืฉื•ืจื˜ืก ืฉืœ ืฉืจืœื™ื– ืช'ืจื•ืŸ ืžื—ืจืคื ื™ื ืืช ื”ืคื™ื“. ื•ืœื ืจืง ื”ื

ื™ื•ื ื™ืก ืงื ื“ื™ ืฉืจื™ื™ื‘ืจ, ื”ืงืจื•ื™ื” ืขืœ ืฉื ืกื‘ืชื” ื•ื ื•ืฉืืช ืืช ืฉืžื” ื”ืžืœื, ืœืงื—ื” ืœื” ืœื‘ืขืœ ืืช ืžื™ื™ืงืœ ืกืจืคื™ืŸ ื’ืจืกื™ื” ื‘ืฉืžืœืช ื›ืœื” ืขื•ืฆืจืช ื ืฉื™ืžื” ืฉืœ ื“ื™ื•ืจ, ื‘ื” ื ื™ืฉืื• ืกื‘ื™ ื”ื›ืœื” ื‘ืฉื ืช 1953. ื”ืฉืžืœื” ืื•ืžื ื ื”ืฆื”ื™ื‘ื” ื•ื”ื™ื• ื‘ื” ื—ื•ืจื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืœื ืขืฆืจ ืžื”ื›ืœื” ืœื”ื’ืฉื™ื ืืช ื—ืœื•ืžื”

ื–'ืงื˜ ื“ืžื•ื™ ืขื•ืจ ืฉื™ืกื’ื•ืจ ื›ืœ ืœื•ืง, ืžื’ืคื•ื ื™ื ืฉื—ื•ืจื™ื ืขื ืขืงื‘ ื‘ื’ื•ื‘ื” ื”ืžื•ืฉืœื, ืชื™ืง ืขื ื•ื™ื™ื‘ ื•ื™ื ื˜ื’'ื™, ื˜ื•ืค ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืœืื™ืžื•ืŸ ื•ืกืจื™ื’ ื ืขื™ื โ€“ ื›ื™ ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช ืžืชืงืจืจ. ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืฉื•ื•ื” ืœืงื ื•ืช ื‘ืกื™ื™ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ืืชืจ ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™

ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ ื•ื˜ืจืก ื”ื ืฉื ื™ื™ื ืžื”ืฉืžื•ืช ื”ื›ื™ ื‘ื•ืœื˜ื™ื ื•ืื”ื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื–ื™ืจืช ื”ืื•ืคื ื” ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช, ื•ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืฉื™ื“ื•ืš ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื ื ืจืื” ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ื›ืžื• ื’'ื™ื ืก ื•ื˜ื™-ืฉืจื˜. ื”ืชื•ืฆืื” ืื›ืŸ ืœื ืžืื›ื–ื‘ืช ืœืจื’ืข, ื•ื”ื’'ื™ื ืกื™ื, ื”ื˜ืจื ื™ื ื’ื™ื ื•ื”ื—ื•ืœืฆื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืงื•ืœืงืฆื™ื” ื”ื ื”ื—ื•ืžืจ ืฉืžืžื ื• ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ื”ื—ืœื•ืžื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ืจืคื™ื™ื ืฉืœื ื•

ืจืง ืœื ืžื–ืžืŸ ื”ื›ื•ื›ื‘ืช ื—ืฉืคื” ืืช ื”ื”ืจื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื” ื‘ืคื ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื, ืื‘ืœ ื”ืคืขืจื™ื ืžืฆื˜ืžืฆืžื™ื ืžืื•ื“ ืžื”ืจ ืขื ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื”ืคืจืืฆื™ ื•ื”ืคื•ืกื˜ื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื ืžืขืœื” ืœื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื”ืื™ื ืกื˜ื’ืจื ืฉืœื”. ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื”ื™ื ืขื•ืฉื” ืžื—ื•ื•ื” ืœืื—ื“ ื”ืฉืขืจื™ื ื”ืื™ืงื•ื ื™ื™ื ื•ื”ืฉื ื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช, ื•ื–ื” ืžื“ื”ื™ื ื›ืžื• ืฉื–ื” ื ืฉืžืข

ื”ื›ื•ื›ื‘ืช ื”ื‘ืœืชื™ ืžืขื•ืจืขืจืช ื”ืฆื˜ืœืžื” ืœืžื’ื–ื™ืŸ ื”ืื•ืคื ื”, ื•ื”ืชื•ืฆืื” ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืžืกืคืจ ืฉืขืจื™ื ื™ืคื”ืคื™ื™ื ื•ื”ืคืงื” ืžื˜ืจื™ืคื”. ืงื•ื•ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ ื ืจืื™ืช ื‘ืฉื™ื ืฉืœื”, ื›ืฉื”ื™ื ืœื•ื‘ืฉืช ืฉืžืœืช ืขืจื‘ ืกื•ืคืจ-ืกืงืกื™ืช, ืื•ื‘ืจื•ืœ ืžื”ืงื•ืœืงืฆื™ื” ื”ื—ื“ืฉื” ืฉืขื™ืฆื‘ื” ื•ื’ื ืคื™ืก ืฉืœ ืžื•ื’ืœืจ, ืฉื ืชืคืจ ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื™ื“ ืžืคืจื›ืช. ืื™ืŸ ืขื•ื“ ื›ืžื•ื”, ืœืžืงืจื” ืฉืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื”ื™ื” ื–ืงื•ืง ืœืชื–ื›ื•ืจืช

ืงื ื“ื™ืก ืกื•ื•ื ืคื•ืœ, ืžืœืื›ื™ืช ื•ื™ืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื”'ืก ืกื™ืงืจื˜ ืœืฉืขื‘ืจ ื•ื‘ืขืœืช ืžื•ืชื’ ื‘ื’ื“ื™ ื™ื ืžืฆืœื™ื—, ื”ืฉื™ืงื” ืœื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื’ื“ื™ ืกืคื•ืจื˜ ื•ืžื—ื•ืœ ื‘ื”ืฉืจืืช ืขื•ืœื ื”ื‘ืœื˜ ื•ื–ื” ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื‘ื ืœื ื• ืœื”ื–ืžื™ืŸ ื›ืจื’ืข. ื‘ื’ื“ื™ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ืื’ื‘, ื™ืขื‘ื“ื• ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ืคื™ืœืื˜ื™ืก ื‘ื–ื•ื ืื‘ืœ ื’ื ืœื’ืžืจื™ ื™ืœื›ื• ืขื ื’'ื™ื ืก ื‘ื•ื™ืคืจื ื“ ื‘ืขืจื‘

ื”ืฉื—ืงื ื™ืช ื”ืงื ื“ื™ืช ืืœื›ืกื ื“ืจื” ืœืœื•ื ื“ ื‘ื•ื™ื’ ื•ื”ืืจื•ืก ืฉืœื” ืกื™ืจื™ืœ ื“ื—ื• ืืช ื”ื—ืชื•ื ื” ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื”. ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืžืกื™ื‘ืช ืขื ืง, ื”ื ืขืฉื• ื˜ืงืก ืžืฆื•ืžืฆื ื‘ื“ืจื•ื ืคืจื™ื– ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืฉื™ื ื”ืกื˜ื™ื™ืœ. ื›ื›ื” ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืืช ื–ื” ื ื›ื•ืŸ

ืืžืฉ ื‘"ื ื™ื ื’'ื” ื™ืฉืจืืœ" ืกืœืข ืœื‘ืฉื” ืฉืžืœื” ื•ืจื•ื“ื” ื–ืจื—ื ื™ืช, ืžืžื ื” ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ื•ืจื™ื“ ืืช ื”ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื. ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื’ื“ ื—ืชื•ื ื”ืžืขืฆื‘ ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ ื“ืจื•ืจ ื’ื‘ืข, ื›ืฉืืช ื”ืกื˜ื™ื™ืœื™ื ื’ ื”ืฉืœื™ืžื• ืฉื™ืขืจ ืคื–ื•ืจ, ืื™ืคื•ืจ ื‘ื’ื•ื•ื ื™ ื ื™ื•ื“ ื•ืฉืจืฉืจืช ืขื“ื™ื ื”. ื”ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืžืคื•ืจืกืžื™ื ืขืคื• ืขืœ ื”ื›ื•ื›ื‘ืช ื‘ืื™ื ืกื˜ื’ืจื, ื•ื’ื ืื ื—ื ื• ื”ืจื’ืฉื ื• ืฆื•ืจืš ืœื”ืฆื˜ืจืฃ ืœื—ื’ื™ื’ื”

ืœืจื’ืœ ื—ื’ ื”ื”ืืœื•ื•ื™ืŸ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืžืฉืคื—ืช ื’'ื™ื’'ื™ ื—ื“ื™ื“ ื•ื–ืื™ื™ืŸ ืžืืœื™ืง ื›ื”ื•ืจื™ื ื”ื ืœื ื”ืชืขืฆืœื• ื•ื”ืชื—ืคืฉื• ื›ื•ืœื. ื–ืื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืœืš ืœื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ืืจื™ ืคื•ื˜ืจ, ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืงืช ื”ืงื˜ื ื” ืฉืขื•ื“ ืœื ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืžื” ืฉืžื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื”ืขื ืง ื”ื™ืจื•ืง ื•ืื™ืœื• ื’'ื™ื’'ื™ ื”ืคื›ื” ืœื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจืช ืขืœ ืขื ื‘ื’ื“ ื’ื•ืฃ ืžืฉื•ื’ืข ืฉืืฃ ืื™ืžื ื˜ืจื™ื” ืฉื”ื™ื ืœื ื“ื•ื’ืžื ื™ืช ืขืœ ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืžืชืงืจื‘ืช ืืœื™ื•. ื ืฉืืจื ื• ื”ืžื•ืžื™ื

ื‘ื™ื•ื ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ื”ืคื›ื• ื”ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืจื™ื ื” ืงื‘ื™ืฉืจ ืœืจืฉืžื™ื™ื, ื•ื‘ื™ื•ื ืฉื™ืฉื™ ื”ื™ื ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ืขืœืชื” ืชืžื•ื ื” ืฉืœื” ื—ื•ื’ื’ืช ืขืœ ื™ืื›ื˜ื” ื‘ื‘ื’ื“ ื™ื ื ื•ืขื– ืฉืขืฆืจ ืœื ื• ืืช ื”ื ืฉื™ืžื”. ื”ืคืจื™ื˜, ืฉืžื’ื™ืข ืžืžืขืฆื‘ืช ืฉื”ืกืœื‘ืก ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืื•ื”ื‘ื•ืช, ื”ื—ืžื™ื ืœืžืจื™ื ื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžื•ืฉืœื - ื•ื’ื ืืชืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ื–ืžื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื• ืื•ื ืœื™ื™ืŸ

ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื™ื ื”ื ื›ื‘ืจ ืงื•ื ืฆื ื–ื•ืก, ื•ื’ื ืงื ื“ืœ ื’'ื ืจ ืžืืฉืจืช โ€“ ื”ืฉืืงื˜ื™ื ื”ื ืคืจื™ื˜ ื”ืžืืกื˜ ืฉืœ ื”ืชืงื•ืคื” ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ื”. ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื–'ืงื˜ ืœื—ื•ืœืฆื”, ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ื‘ืฉืœืœ ื‘ื“ื™ื ื•ืœื”ืฉืชืœื‘ ืขื ื›ืœ ืืื•ื˜ืคื™ื˜ ื›ืžืขื˜ โ€“ ืžืขืœ ืฉืžืœื”, ืกืจื™ื’ ืขื‘ื” ืื• ื˜ื™-ืฉื™ืจื˜ ืงืฆืจื”. ืžืฆืื ื• ืืช ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื›ื™ ืžื•ืฆืœื—ื•ืช ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœืจื›ื•ืฉ ืขื›ืฉื™ื•

ืฆ'ืืจืœื™ ื“'ืืžื™ืœื™ื•, ืœื” ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื˜ื™ืงื˜ื•ืง ืขื 95 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืขื•ืงื‘ื™ื, ื›ื ืจืื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืœื‘ื•ืฉ ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืชืจืฆื” โ€“ ืื‘ืœ ืžืกืชืžืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื ืžื›ื•ืจื” ืœืคืจื™ื˜ื™ื ืฉืœ Adika. ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื”ื™ื ื”ื’ื“ื™ืœื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื•ื”ืขืชื™ืงื” ื˜ื•ื˜ืืœ-ืœื•ืง ื™ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืžื”ืคืจื–ื ื˜ื•ืจื™ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช ืžืื™ื” ืงื™ื™. ื”ืคืชืขื” ื•ื™ืจืืœื™ืช ื ืขื™ืžื”

ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื™ืคื”ืคื™ื•ืช ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ื•ืช ื›ืžื• ืงื ื“ืœ ื’'ื ืจ ื•ื‘ืœื” ื—ื“ื™ื“ ื”ืคื›ื• ืืช ืžืจืื” ื”ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ื”ืžืชื•ื—ื•ืช ืืœ-ืขืœ ืœืžืืกื˜ ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ ื‘ืืจื’ื– ื”ื›ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืื™ื˜-ื’ื™ืจืœ ืžืชื—ื™ืœื”, ืžื’ื™ืข ื”ืคื˜ื ื˜ ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ ื”ืžืชื‘ืงืฉ ืฉืžื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืœื”ืขื ื™ืง ืืช ื”ืืคืงื˜ ื‘ืžื™ื ื™ืžื•ื ืžืืžืฅ, ื–ืžืŸ, ื›ืกืฃ ื•ืื™-ื ื•ื—ื•ืช. ืื™ืš ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ื—ืฉื‘ื ื• ืขืœ ื–ื” ืงื•ื“ื

ืกืคืจื• ืœื ื• ืžื”ื• ื”ืื™ืจื•ืข ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืฉืชืชืคืชืŸ ื‘ื• ื•ืื•ืœื™ ืชื–ื›ื• ื‘ืงืจื ืœื—ื•ืช ื•ื’'ืœ ื ื™ืงื•ื™ ืื™ื ื˜ื ืกื™ื‘ื™ ืžืกื“ืจืช ื ื•ืจืžื“ืจื ืคื™ื˜ื•ืกื•ืœื•ืฉืŸ ืฉืœ ื•ื™ืฉื™

ืื™ื ืกื˜ื’ืจื ื”ื’ืฉื™ืžื” ืœืขื“ืŸ ืคื•ืœื ื™ ืืช ื”ืžืฉืืœื•ืช. ืฉื ืจืื” ืื•ืชื” ืกื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื“ื•ื’ืžื ื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ื–ื ื™ืง ืื•ืชื” ืœืงืจื™ื™ืจื” ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ืช, ืฉื ื’ื ื”ื›ื™ืจื” ืืช ื—ื‘ืจ ืฉืœื”, ืขื™ื“ืŸ ื’ื™ื ื“ื™. ืื‘ืœ ืœื”ืฆืœื—ื” ื‘ื’ื™ืœ ืฆืขื™ืจ ื™ืฉ ืžื—ื™ืจ. ื™ื•ื ืื—ืจื™ ืฆื™ืœื•ืžื™ื ืœืงืžืคื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื›ืจื›ืจื” ื”ืคื›ื” ืœื—ืจื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ, ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื•ืฆื™ืื• ืื•ืชื” ืžืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ื”ื•ื•ืื˜ืกืืค ื•ื”ื™ื ื”ื—ืœื” ืœืงื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื“ืขื•ืช ื—ืกืจื•ืช ื‘ื•ืฉื” ืžื’ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืจืฉืช. ืื—ืจื™ ื”ื›ืชื‘ื” ื”ื–ืืช ื”ื™ื ืžืงื•ื•ื” ืฉื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื™ืฉืชื ื•. ืืคื™ืœื• ืงืฆืช