ื‘ืœื™ ืื™ืคื•ืจ ื•ื‘ืœื™ ื ืขืœื™ื™ื: ืคืžืœื” ืื ื“ืจืกื•ืŸ ื—ื™ืชื ื” ื‘ืŸ ื•ื ืจืืชื” ืžื“ื”ื™ื

ืฉื‘ื™ื˜ ื•ื™ื–ืœ ื”ื•ื“ื™ืขื” ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข ืฉื”ื™ื ื‘ื”ืจื™ื•ืŸ, ื•ืื– ื”ืžืฉื™ื›ื” ื•ืคื™ื ืงื” ืืช ื”ืขื•ืงื‘ื™ื ื‘ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื˜ืจื ื ืจืื•, ื‘ื”ืŸ ื”ื™ื ืžืฆื™ื’ื” ืกื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืžืฉื•ื‘ื— ืžื”ืชืงื•ืคื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืขื ื”ื‘ืืžืค. ืฉืžืœื” ืžื ื•ืžืจืช, ืœื ื–'ืจื™ ื ื•ื— ื•ื˜ืจื ื™ื ื’ ื›ื™ืื” ืœืชืงื•ืคื”. ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉื ืงืจื ื”ืจื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืฉื™ื ื”ืกื˜ื™ื™ืœ

ืจืง ื‘ืฉื‘ื•ืข ืฉืขื‘ืจ ืขืœืชื” ืกื“ืจืช ื”ืจื™ืืœื˜ื™ "ืื ื™ ื’'ื•ืจื’'ื™ื ื”" ื‘ื ื˜ืœื™ืคืงืก, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืช ื”ื–ื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืจื•ื ืœื“ื• ื‘ืช ื”-28 ื›ื‘ืจ ืžื–ืžืŸ ื”ืคื›ื” ืœืื™ื™ืงื•ืŸ ืื•ืคื ื”. ืขื ื’ื•ืฃ ื›ืžื• ืฉืœ ืืœื”, ืื ืจื’ื™ื•ืช ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื•ืช ื•ื—ื“ืจ ืืจื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ื’ืžืจ ื•ืขืžื•ืก ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืชื™ืงื™ื ื•ื”ื ืขืœื™ื™ื ื”ืืคืฉืจื™ื™ื, ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืฉืœื ืœื”ืชืื”ื‘ ื‘ื”

ืื—, ื”ื•ื“ ืžืขืœืชื•, ื”ื’ื•ืœื’ื•ืœ ื”ืžืจื•ืฉืœ. ื›ื•ืœืŸ ืจื•ืฆื•ืช ืื•ืชื•, ื›ื•ืœืŸ ื”ืฉืงื™ืขื• ื”ืจื‘ื” ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ื•ืžืืžืฅ ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืืช ืกื™ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืฉื™ืขืจ ืฉืืžื•ืจ ืœื”ื™ืจืื•ืช ื›ืื™ืœื• ื”ื•ืฉื’ ื‘ืืคืก ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ื•ืžืืžืฅ. ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืžื’ื™ืข ื›ืจื™ืก ืืคืœื˜ื•ืŸ ื•ืžืจื•ื•ื™ื— ืืช ื”ืคื•ืœื• ื”ื ืœื”ื‘ ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ื”ืžื•ืŸ ื›ื‘ื•ื“

ื‘ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ืœืžืขืฉื” ืงืžืคื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื ืกื˜ื’ืจื ืœื‘ื•ืฉื, ื‘ืจ ืžืชืืจื’ื ืช ื‘ื—ื“ืจ ื”ืจื—ืฆื”, ืžืชืืคืจืช, ืžืกื“ืจืช ืืช ื”ืฉื™ืขืจ ื•ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืžืฉืคืจื™ืฆื” ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื” ืืช ื”ื‘ื•ืฉื, ื•ื”ื›ืœ ื‘ื—ื•ืœืฆื” ืœื‘ื ื” ื’ื‘ืจื™ืช ืžื›ื•ืคืชืจืช ื•ื–ื”ื•. ืื‘ืœ ืชืกืžื›ื• ืขืœ ื‘ืจ ืฉื–ื• ื”ื—ื•ืœืฆื” ื”ื›ื™ ืกื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืฉื™ืฉ

ื‘ื’ื™ืœ 20 ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืฉื™ ื–ื ืงื• ื”ื™ื ื›ื‘ืจ ื“ื•ื’ืžื ื™ืช ืขืกื•ืงื” ืžืื•ื“, ืžื›ื›ื‘ืช ื‘ืืกื•ืก, ืžื“ื’ืžื ืช ืœืžื•ืชื’ ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ื•ื ืกื” ื•ืขื›ืฉื™ื• - ื’ื ื–ื•ื›ื” ืœื›ืชื‘ืช ืคืจื•ืคื™ืœ ื‘"ื•ื•ื’". ื‘ืžื’ื–ื™ืŸ ืงื‘ืขื•: "ื”ื™ื ืžืฉื ื” ืืช ืฆื•ืจืช ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื”", ื•ืœื ื• ื ืฉืืจ ืจืง ืœื”ืชืคื•ืฆืฅ ืžื’ืื•ื•ื”

ืœืžืจื•ืช ื’ื™ืœื” ื”ืฆืขื™ืจ, ื ืจืื” ืฉืœืœื™ืจื•ืŸ ื’ื•ืฉืŸ ื™ืฉ ื›ื‘ืจ ื–ื”ื•ืช ืื•ืคื ืชื™ืช ื•ืกื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืžื’ื•ื‘ืฉ: ื”ื™ื ืื•ื”ื‘ืช ืงื•ื•ื™ื ื ืงื™ื™ื (ืงื—ื• ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืืช ืฉืžืœืช ื”ื›ืœื” ื”ื™ืคื”ืคื™ื™ื” ืฉืœื”) ื•ืคืจื™ื˜ื™ื ื‘ืกื’ื ื•ืŸ ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™, ืื‘ืœ ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืงื–'ื•ืืœ ืžืชื•ืงืชืง ื›ืฉืฆืจื™ืš. ืžื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื ืœื ืžืคื—ื“ืช ืœืฉืœื‘ ื’ื ื›ื•ื‘ืขื™ื ื‘ืชืžื”ื™ืœ. ืžื•ื›ื ื™ื ืœื”ืชืื”ื‘?

ื™ืฉ ืœื• ืฆื‘ืข ืœื ืฉื’ืจืชื™, ื’ื–ืจื” ื˜ืจื ื“ื™ืช, ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืื•ืคืŸ ืœื‘ื™ืฉื” ืื—ื“ ื•ืชื’ ืžื—ื™ืจ ืฉืขื•ืฉื” ืฆืžืจืžื•ืจืช. ืžืขื™ืœ ื”ืคืืคืจ ืฉืœ ืคืจืื“ื” ื›ื‘ืฉ ืืช ืคื™ื“ ื”ืื™ื ืกื˜ื’ืจื ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ืฆื“ืง, ืื‘ืœ ืจื•ื‘ื ื• ื ืืœืฅ ืœื—ื›ื•ืช ืœื’ืจืกื” ื”ื ื’ื™ืฉื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ืจืฉืชื•ืช ื”ืื•ืคื ื” ื”ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช

ืžืขื™ืœ ื”ื˜ืจื ืฅ' ื”ื›ื™ ืงืœืืกื™, ื’'ื™ื ืก ื‘ื’ื–ืจื” ื”ื—ืžื” ืฉืœ ื”ืจื’ืข, ืกื•ื•ื˜ืฉื™ืจื˜ ืžืžื•ืชื’ ื•ื–'ืงื˜ ืฉืœื ืชื•ืจื™ื“ื• ืžืจื’ืข ืฉืชืฉื™ืžื• ืขืœื™ื• ืืช ื”ื™ื“ - ื›ื•ืœื ืžื—ื›ื™ื ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื‘ืืกื•ืก ื‘ืžื—ื™ืจื™ื ืื˜ืจืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื™ื ืžืื™ ืคืขื, ืื– ืžื™ื”ืจื ื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืกื“ืจ ื‘ื•ื•ื™ืฉืœื™ืกื˜

ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื”ืคื›ื” ืœืžืœื›ืช ืกืคืจื“ ื”ืื”ื•ื‘ื”, ืœื˜ื™ืกื™ื” ืขื‘ื“ื” ื›ืขื™ืชื•ื ืื™ืช ื—ื•ืงืจืช. ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื–ื” ื ื‘ื—ืจื” ืœื”ืขื ื™ืง ืืช ืคืจืก ื”ืขื™ืชื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกื ืื˜ ื”ืกืคืจื“ื™. ืœื˜ื™ืกื™ื” ื‘ื—ืจื” ืฉืžืœื” ืื“ื•ืžื” ืฉื ืชืคืจื” ืœืžื™ื“ื•ืชื™ื” ื•ื ืจืืชื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืžื“ื”ื™ื

ืคืื•ืœื• ื˜ืจื ืฆื™ ื”ื•ื ื“ื•ืจ ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ืœืžืฉืคื—ื” ืฉืœ ื™ืฆืจื ื™ ื‘ืฉืžื™ื ื•ื ืจื•ืช, ืฉื’ื“ืœ ื‘ื˜ื™ืจื” ืื™ื˜ืœืงื™ืช ืขืชื™ืงื”. ืขืœ ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื”ื–ืืช ื”ื•ื ืžื‘ืกืก, ืœืฆื“ ืื—ื•ืชื•, ืืช ืžื•ืชื’ ื‘ื™ืฉื•ื ื”ื‘ื•ื˜ื™ืง ื”ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ V Canto, ืฉืœื ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืืชื ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื. ืชืคืกื ื• ืื•ืชื• ืœืจืื™ื•ืŸ ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืขืœ ื›ื•ื—ื• ืฉืœ ื”ื ื™ื—ื•ื—, ื•ื’ื ื”ื•ืฆืื ื• ืžืžื ื• ื›ืžื” ื˜ื™ืคื™ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื

ื”ืืžืช ื”ื™ื ืฉื–ื• ื›ื•ืชืจืช ื“ื™ ื›ืœืœื™ืช ื•ืœื ืžืžืฉ ืžื’ื•ื‘ื”, ืฉืžืชืืจืช ืืช ืื—ืช ื”ืžื’ืžื•ืช ื”ื›ื™ ื‘ื•ืœื˜ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืชืงื•ืคื” - ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืžืžืฉ ืœื ืžื•ื ืข ืžืžื ื” ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืœื”ืืฉื˜ืื’ ืฉืชื—ืชื™ื• ืชืžืฆืื• ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืืช ื”ืฉืจืื•ืช ื”ืื•ืคื ื” ื”ื›ื™ ืžืฉืžื—ื•ืช. ืจืง ืชืฉืืœื• ืืช ืืกื•ืก

ื”ื™ื ืืžื ื ื‘ืช ืœืฉื ื™ ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืื•ื“ ืžืคื•ืจืกืžื™ื ื‘ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ื”ื”ื•ืœื™ื•ื•ื“ื™ืช, ืื‘ืœ ืื™ื›ืฉื”ื• ื ื•ืชืจื” ืคื—ื•ืช ื‘ื•ืœื˜ืช - ื’ื ื‘ืกื“ืจื” ื”ืœื•ื”ื˜ืช ื•ื”ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจืช ืฉืœ ื”ืชืงื•ืคื”. ื•ืื– ื”ื’ื™ืขื” ื”ืขื•ื ื” ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื™ื” ืฉืœ "ืื•ืคื•ืจื™ื”", ื•ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื›ื‘ืจ ื ืจืื” ืฉืžื•ื“ ืืคืื˜ื• ืขื•ืžื“ืช ืœื”ืชืคื•ืฆืฅ. ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจ ื‘ืคื™ื“ ื”ืื™ื ืกื˜ื’ืจื ืฉืœื” ืžื’ืœื” ืกื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืฉืจืง ืžืฆื“ื™ืง ืืช ื–ื”

ืจื’ืข ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื™ื ืžืฉื™ืงื” ืžื•ืชื’ ื‘ื™ื•ื˜ื™ ืžืฉืœื” ื‘ืฉื Rhode - ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ืฉื ื”ืืžืฆืขื™ ืฉืœื”, ื”ื™ื™ืœื™ ื‘ื™ื‘ืจ ืžื‘ื™ื ื” ืฉื”ื™ื ื”ืคืจื–ื ื˜ื•ืจื™ืช ื”ื›ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื•ืžื“ื’ืžื ืช ืืช ื”ื’ืœื•ืื• ืฉืœื” ืœืžื•ืฆืจื™ ื”ืžื•ืชื’. ืืช ื›ืœ ื–ื” ื”ื™ื ืขื•ืฉื” ื‘ืขื•ืจ ืฉื–ื•ืฃ ื•ื‘ื™ืงื™ื ื™ ืงื˜ื ื˜ืŸ ืžื‘ื“ ืคืœื™ืกื” ื‘ื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืคื•ื“ืจื”

ืกืคืจื• ืœื ื• ืื™ืš ืืชืŸ ืžืชื›ื ื ื•ืช ืœื”ืชืคื ืง ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ ื•ืื•ืœื™ ืชื–ื›ื• ื‘ืกื“ืจืช ืคื™ื’ืžื ืงืœืืจ ืฉืœ ืœื” ืจื•ืฉ ืคื•ื–ื” ื‘ืฉื•ื•ื™ 587 ืฉืงืœื™ื

ื”ืขื•ืจ ื”ื—ืฉื•ืฃ ื”ืคืš ืœืœื•ืง ื”ื—ื ืฉืœ ื”ืจื’ืข, ื•ื–ื” ื›ื‘ืจ ืœื ื ืจืื” ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืžื•ื–ืจ. ื—ื–ื™ื•ืช ื”ืŸ ื—ื•ืœืฆื•ืช ืœื’ื™ื˜ื™ืžื™ื•ืช. ืชื•ืคืขื•ืช ื›ืžื• ืžื—ืฉื•ืฃ ืžืคืฉืขื”, ืžื—ืฉื•ืฃ ื—ื–ื” ืชื—ืชื•ืŸ ื•ืžื—ืฉื•ืฃ ื—ืจื™ืฅ ืชื—ืช ืžื•ืคื™ืขื•ืช ืœื ืจืง ืขืœ ื”ืžืกืœื•ืœ, ืืœื ื’ื ื‘ืจื—ื•ื‘, ื’ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื’ื ื‘ื—ื•ืจืฃ. ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื›ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ืœื ืžืžืฉ ื ื•ืชืจื• ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื ืœื”ืกื™ืจ, ืขื•ืœื ื”ืื•ืคื ื” ืขื•ืฉื” ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืžื—ื“ืฉ. ืœืืŸ ื”ื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื–ื” ื™ืชืคืชื—? ืœื ืœื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืืชื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื