ื”ืฉื•ืชืคื•ืช ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืงื™ื ื™: ื”ื ืขืœื™ื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื. ืžืฆืื ื• ืืช ื”ื›ื™ ืฉื•ื•ืช

ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื ื•ืขื” ื™ืฆืคืืŸ, ืืœื™ ื™ืฆืคืืŸ ื”ื•ื ืœื ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื‘ื“ืจื ื™ื ื”ืžื•ื›ืจื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ โ€“ ืืœื ืื‘ื ืฉื‘ื ืœืืกื•ืฃ ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ื‘ืืžืฆืข ื”ืœื™ืœื” ื•ืชื•ืžืš ื‘ืขืกืง ื”ืฆืขื™ืจ ืฉื”ืงื™ืžื”. ืื‘ืœ ืœื ืžืคืชื™ืข ืœืฉืžื•ืข ืฉื‘ืืจื•ื—ื•ืช ืฉื™ืฉื™ ื”ื ืžืจื™ืฆื™ื ืฆื—ื•ืงื™ื ื‘ื’'ื™ื‘ืจื™ืฉ, ื•ื’ื ืœื ืžืคืชื™ืข ืœื’ืœื•ืช ืฉืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื”ื™ื ืžืžืฉ ืคื—ื“ื” ืœืœื›ืช ื‘ื“ืจื›ื•, ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื’ื™ืœืชื” ื”ืฉื—ืงื ื™ืช ื”ืฆืขื™ืจื” ืฉื–ื” ื—ื–ืง ืžืžื ื”. "ืื ื™ ื‘ืŸ ืื“ื ืžื‘ื“ืจ, ืื ื™ ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื‘ืจื•ื— ืžื–ื”"

ื›ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืžื—ื›ื” ืœืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ื ืฉื™ื ืืจื”"ื‘ ื‘ืื™ืจืืŸ, ืžืœื ื™ื” ืžื’ื‘ื™ืจื” ืขื•ื“ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืืช ื•ื•ืœื™ื•ื ื”ื”ื•ืคืขื•ืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื”. ื‘ืื™ืจื•ืข ืœืžืขืŸ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื‘ืžืจื™ืœื ื“, ื ืจืืชื” ืžืœื ื™ื” ื–ื•ื”ืจืช ืขื ื‘ืœื•ื ื“ ื‘ื”ื™ืจ ืžืชืžื™ื“ ื•ื ืขืœื™ื™ื ืขื ืขืงื‘ ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ื’ืžืจ. ืฉืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื™ืื”ื‘ ืื•ืชื ื• ื›ืžื• ืฉื˜ืจืืžืค ืื•ื”ื‘ืช ืกื˜ื™ืœื˜ื• ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื

ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืื™ื ื˜ื ืกื™ื‘ื™ ืœืงืžื˜ื™ื, ืžืขื™ืœ ื˜ืจื ืฅ' ืžื•ืฉืœื ืœื›ืœ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื, ืฉืคืชื•ืŸ ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืœื•ืง, ืžืฉืงืคื™ ื”ืฉืžืฉ ื”ื›ื™ ื™ืคื™ื ืฉืจืื™ื ื• ืœืงื™ืฅ ื”ืงืจื•ื‘, ืžืกืงืจื” ืฉื‘ืืžืช ืžืืจื™ื›ื” ืืช ื”ืจื™ืกื™ื, ืžื—ื˜ื‘ ืฉืื•ืกืฃ ื”ื›ืœ ื•ื‘ื•ืฉื ืฉืžื™ ืฉื™ื•ื“ืข - ื™ื•ื“ืข. ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืช ืฉื•ื•ืช ืœืฉื•ืคื™ื ื’

ื—ื’ ื”ืื”ื‘ื” ื”ืœื•ืขื–ื™ ืฉืžื ืฆื ืฅ ืืœื™ื ื• ืžื›ืœ ืคื™ื ื” ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ืืœื” ืœื ื‘ื”ื›ืจื— ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืื•ืชืš ืœืขืœื•ืช ืขืœ ืœื ื–'ืจื™ ืขื ื•ืจื“ ื‘ืคื”, ืื‘ืœ ืœื’ืžืจื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืงืฆืช ืœืื•ื•ื™ืจื” ื‘ื“ืจืš ืžืจื•ืžื–ืช ื•ื ื•ืฉืœื ื˜ื™ืช ืื‘ืœ ื’ื ื—ื’ื™ื’ื™ืช ืœืžื“ื™: ืžื ื™ืงื•ืจ, ื•ื‘ืคืจื˜ ืื—ื“ ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™, ืงืœืืกื™ ื•ืจื•ืžื ื˜ื™ ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“

ื”ืžืฉืคื™ืขื ื™ืช ื™ืฆืื” ืœื ื•ืคืฉ ื‘ื™ืขื“ ื”ืื”ื•ื‘ ืขืœื™ื” โ€“ ืžืงืกื™ืงื•, ื•ื”ื™ื ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืฉื ืœื‘ื“. ื‘ืกืฉืŸ ืฆื™ืœื•ืžื™ื ืจื•ืชื— ื”ื™ื ื”ืฆื™ื’ื” ื‘ื’ื“ ื™ื ืงืœืืกื™ ืขื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืกื˜ ืฉื”ื’ื™ืข ืžืžื•ืชื’ ื™ืฉืจืืœื™, ื•ื’ื ื–ื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืžืชื•ืงื” ืขื ืฉื—ืฃ ืจื–. ื–ื”ื™ืจื•ืช, ืคื•ื˜ื•ื’ื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืžื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื”

ืžื” ืœื•ื‘ืฉื™ื ื›ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื—ื•ืฅ ืฉืžืฉ ืื‘ื™ื‘ื™ืช ืื‘ืœ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืงืจื™ืจ? ืžืžืฉ ื›ืžื• ื›ื•ืœื ื• ื’ื ืœืขื“ืŸ ืคื™ื ืก ื™ืฉ ืกืคืงื•ืช ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืœื•ืงื™ื ืฉื ืขื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ื•ืจืฃ ืœืงื™ืฅ. ืื– ืžื” ืขื•ืฉื™ื? ืœื•ื‘ืฉื™ื ืžื›ื ืกื•ื ื™ื ืงืฆืจืฆืจื™ื ื•ืžืขื™ืœ ืขื•ืจ ืชื•ืื ืฉื–ื” ืœื•ืง ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืžื—ืจืคืŸ. ืžื” ืฉืขื•ื“ ืฆื“ ืืช ืขื™ื ื™ื ื• ื‘ืœื•ืง ื”ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ื”ืฆื‘ืขื™ื ื”ืคื—ื•ืช-ืžื“ื™-ืžื•ืขืจืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื—ื•ืจ ืœื—ื•ื ืฉื”ื•ืคืš ืืช ื”ื›ืœ ืœื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืชื•ื—ื›ื ื•ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ

ื’'ื•ื˜ื” ืœื™ืจื“ื, ืžื”ืคืจืฆื•ืคื™ื ื”ื™ืคื™ื ืฉืœ ืื•ืœื™ืžืคื™ืื“ืช ื”ื—ื•ืจืฃ, ืงื˜ืคื” ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข ืืช ืžื“ืœื™ื™ืช ื”ื–ื”ื‘ ื‘ื”ื—ืœืงื” ืžื”ื™ืจื” ืขืœ ื”ืงืจื—. ืžื” ืฉืชืคืก ืืช ืชืฉื•ืžืช ืœื‘ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ื”ื™ื ื”ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ื”ื ืจื’ืฉืช ืฉืœ ืืจื•ืกื” ื’'ื™ื™ืง ืคื•ืœ - ืžืชืื’ืจืฃ ื•ืื™ืฉื™ื•ืช ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ื™ืช ื™ื“ื•ืขื” ืœืฉืžืฆื”. ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืืช ื”ืคื™ื“ ืฉืœ ื’'ื•ื˜ื”, ื•ืฉื ื’ื™ืœื™ื ื• ืืช ื—ื™ื‘ืชื” ืœืฉืžืœื•ืช ืฆืžื•ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“. ืœื ืงืฉื” ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืœืžื”

ื”ืคืื•ืฆ'ื™ื ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืชืฉื•ืžืช ืœื‘ ืื•ืคื ืชื™ืช, ืื‘ืœ ืืœ ืชืชื‘ืœื‘ืœื• โ€“ ืœื ืืœื” ืขื ื”ืจื•ื›ืกืŸ ืฉื ืชืœื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืžื•ืชื ื™ื™ื ืื• ื”ื›ืชืคื™ื™ื. ืชื™ืงื™ ื”ืคืื•ืฅ' ื”ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืžื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืจื›ื™ื ื•ื ืืกืคื™ื ื‘ื—ืœืงื ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื—ื•ื˜ื™ ื”ื™ื“ื•ืง, ื‘ืžืจืื” ืืœื’ื ื˜ื™ ื•ืขื“ื™ืŸ. ืœื ืžืขื˜ ื‘ืชื™ ืื•ืคื ื” ื›ื‘ืจ ืขืœื• ืขืœ ื”ื’ืœ ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™, ืื‘ืœ ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื‘ืžื—ื•ื–ื•ืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ื’' ื•ื”ื™ื“ ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื”

ื›ื•ื›ื‘ืช ื”ืขืœ ื”ืขืกื•ืงื”, ืฉืžืžืœืื” ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืืช ื”ืื•ืœืžื•ืช ืขื "ืขื•ื–ืจืช ื”ื‘ื™ืช", ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื” ืœื“ื’ืžืŸ ืœ"ืืžืจื™ืงืŸ ืื™ื’ืœ" ื’ื ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืกืขืจื” ื•ื”ืฉื™ืงื” ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืžื•ืชื’ ื”ืœื‘ืฉื” ืชื—ืชื•ื ื” ื—ื“ืฉ, "ื ืชืคืกื”" ืžืกืชื•ื‘ื‘ืช ื‘ืจื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื ื™ื•-ื™ื•ืจืง ื‘ืœื•ืง ื”ื›ื™ ืงื–'ื•ืืœื™ ื•ื‘ื™ื™ืกื™ืงื™ ืœื›ืื•ืจื”, ืฉื›ื•ืœืœ ืืช ื”ื”ืฆืฆื” ื”ื›ื™ ื ื•ื ืฉืœื ื˜ื™ืช ื•ืœื•ื”ื˜ืช

ืœื ืžื–ืžืŸ ื”ื™ื“ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื” ืขื•ืจืจื• ืกืขืจื” ืขืœ ื”ืฉื˜ื™ื— ื”ืื“ื•ื, ืื‘ืœ ื ืจืื” ืฉื”ื™ื” ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืื–ืขืงืช ืฉื•ื•ื. ื”ืฉื—ืงื ื™ืช ื ืจืืชื” ืืชืžื•ืœ ื‘ืฉื™ื ื‘ืคืจืžื™ื™ืจืช ื”ืกืจื˜ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ื• ื”ื™ื ืžื›ื›ื‘ืช, ื›ืฉื”ื™ื ืœื•ื‘ืฉืช ืฉืžืœื” ืฉืงื•ืคื” ื•ืื—ืจื™ื” ื—ืœื™ืคื” ืžื—ื•ื™ื˜ืช ื‘ืžืจืื” ืื•ื‘ืจืกื™ื™ื–. ืงื•ื˜ื•ืจ, ืจื‘ื•ืชื™ื™

ื˜ื™ื™ืœื•ืจ ืžืœื›ื•ื‘ ื”ืคืฆื™ืฆื” ืืžืฉ ื‘ืื™ืจื•ืข ืขื ืฉืžืœื” ืžืœืืช ื’ืœืื ืฉื ืจืื™ืช ื›ืื™ืœื• ืขื•ืฆื‘ื” ืžืจืืฉ ืœืื™ืจื•ืขื™ ืฉื˜ื™ื— ืื“ื•ื ืื• ื˜ืงืกื™ื ื—ื’ื™ื’ื™ื™ื. ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืฉืžืœืช ืžืงืกื™ ื‘ื’ื–ืจืช ืงื•ืœืจ, ืขื ืฉืจื•ื›ื™ ืงืฉื™ืจื” ื“ืงื™ื ื•ืืจื•ื›ื™ื ื•ืžื—ืฉื•ืฃ ืกื™ื™ื“ ื‘ื•ื‘ ืขื“ื™ืŸ. ื”ืื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืฉืžืœืช ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื ืคื™ืก ืœื›ืœ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื? ื›ืŸ, ื•ืขื•ื“ ืื™ืš

ื”ืŸ ื‘ื•ืœ ื‘ื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ืฆืจ ื•ื”ื‘ื•ื‘ืชื™, ื•ื‘ื•ืœ ื‘ืฆื‘ืข ืฉืชืžื™ื“ ืžืฉื“ืจ ืฉื™ืง ื™ื•ืงืจืชื™ ื•ืžืฉืชืœื‘ ืžื•ืฉืœื ืขื ื”ื›ืœ. ื—ื‘ืœ ืฉื”ืŸ ืœื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื‘ื•ืœ ื‘ืžื—ื™ืจ, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื‘ืจ ื–ื• ื›ื ืจืื” ืœื ื‘ืขื™ื” - ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื ื• ืงืฆืช ื”ืฉืจืืช ืกื˜ืจื™ื˜-ืกื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืคืจื™ื–ืื™ืช ืงืœืืกื™ืช

ื ื™ื›ืจ ืฉืœืชืจืฆื” ื›ื”ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืชืฉื•ืงื” ืืžื™ืชื™ืช ืœืื•ืคื ื”, ื•ืื•ืชื” ื”ื™ื ืžืคื ื” ืœืžืขื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื”ืฉืจืื” ื”ืื™ื ืกื•ืคื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ืคื™ื ื˜ืจืกื˜. ื”ืคืขื ื”ื™ื ืฉืœืคื” ืฉื ืœื•ืง ืื™ืงื•ื ื™ ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“, ื›ื–ื” ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ืฉื•ื—ื–ืจ ืœื ืคืขื ื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืฆืœื™ื— ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืืชื’ืจ ื‘ืจืžืช ื”ืงื•ืœื™ื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื›ื™ืœ: ืœื•ืง ืžืขื™ืœ ื”ืคืืคืจ ื”ืื“ื•ื ืฉืœ ื”ื ืกื™ื›ื” ื“ื™ืื ื”, ื›ืคื™ ืฉืชื•ืขื“ื” ื‘ืชืžื•ื ืช ืคืคืจืืฆื™ ืž-1994. ืชืจืฆื”, ื ืกื™ื›ื” ืžื˜ื‘ืขื”, ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ืขืžื“ื” ื‘ืืชื’ืจ

ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื“ื ืืช ืžื•ืชื’ ื”ื•ื•ื“ืงื” ืฉืœื” ื‘ื—ืจื” ื’ืœ ื’ื“ื•ืช ืœื•ืง ืžื˜ืจื™ืฃ ืฉื›ืœืœ ื’'ื™ื ืก ืงืœืืกื™, ืจื’ืœื™ื™ื ื™ื—ืคื•ืช ื•ืกืจื™ื’ ืื—ื“ ื”ื™ืกื˜ืจื™ ืฉืขืฉื” ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”. ื’ืœ ืฉื™ื—ืงื” ืขื ื”ื›ืคืชื•ืจื™ื ื•ื”ืœื”ื™ื˜ื” ืืช ื”ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื, ื›ืฉื›ื™ืคืชืจื” ืจืง ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืžื”ื ื•ื™ืฆืจื” ืžื—ืฉื•ืฃ ื•ื™ ื ื“ื™ื‘ ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ื—ื–ื”, ืœืฆื“ ืžื—ืฉื•ืฃ ืงื˜ืŸ ื ื•ืกืฃ ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ื‘ื˜ืŸ. ื•ื›ืŸ, ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืื•ืชื• ื•ื”ื•ื ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ื”ื ื—ื”

ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื”ืคืชื™ืข ื‘ื˜ืงืก ื”ื’ืจืืžื™ ืขื ื—ืœื™ืคืช ื˜ื•ืงืกื™ื“ื•-ืžื—ื•ืš ืฉืœ ืกืงื™ืืคืจืœื™, ื”ื•ื ืขื•ืฉื” ื–ืืช ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ื‘ื’ื“ื•ืœ, ื”ืคืขื ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืžื” ืฉืœ ื”ืขืจื‘ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืกืคื•ืจื˜ ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™, ื”ืกื•ืคืจื‘ื•ืœ. ืขืœ ืืฃ ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ื‘ื›ืœ ืžื•ืชื’ ืขืœ ืฉื™ืจืฆื”, ื‘ืื ื™ ื‘ื—ืจ ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื‘ื—ืœื™ืคืช ืงืืกื˜ื ืžื™ื™ื“ ืฉืœ ืขื ืงื™ืช ื”ืื•ืคื ื” ื”ืกืคืจื“ื™ืช ื”ืžื”ื™ืจื”, ื–ืืจื”. ืžื•ืคืชืขื™ื? ื’ื ืื ื—ื ื•