ืื™ืš ื–ื” ืืžื™ืชื™? ื”ืฉื•ืจื˜ืก ืฉืœ ืฉืจืœื™ื– ืช'ืจื•ืŸ ืžื—ืจืคื ื™ื ืืช ื”ืคื™ื“. ื•ืœื ืจืง ื”ื

ืื ื” ื–ืง ืขืœืชื” ืขืœ ื’ืœืื ืžืœื ื‘ืกื˜ ืชื—ืจื” ืฉืœ ืžืขืฆื‘ืช ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช. ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืœื•ืง ืฉืœื•ืงื— ืืช ื”ื“ืจืžื” ืฉืœ ื”ืชื—ืจื” ืœืžื—ื•ื–ื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื™ื, ืขื ืžื›ื ืกื™ื™ื ืฆืžื•ื“ื™ื ื‘ื’ื–ืจื” ื ืžื•ื›ื” ื•ื—ื•ืœืฆืช ื˜ื•ืค ืงื˜ื ื˜ื ื” ื”ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืกื’ื™ืจืช ืจื•ื›ืกืŸ ืฉืงื•ืฃ. ืชื•ืกื™ืคื• ืœื–ื” ืฉื™ืขืจ ื ืคื•ื— ื•ืื™ืคื•ืจ ืฉืจืง ืฉื“ืจื’ ืืช ื”ื›ืœ

ืกืคืจื• ืœื ื• ืื™ื–ื” ืคืจื™ื˜ ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ื•ื•ื™ืฉ-ืœื™ืกื˜ ืฉืœื›ืŸ ื•ืื•ืœื™ ืชื–ื›ื• ื‘ืฉื•ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืกืš 500 ืฉืงืœื™ื ืœืงื ื™ื™ื” ื‘ื‘ื•ื˜ื™ืง M13

ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ืชืจื’ืœื ื• ืœืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืฉืœ ื‘ืœื™ื™ื–ืจ ืขื ื—ื–ื™ื™ื”, ืื‘ืœ ื›ื–ื” ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ืจืื™ื ื•. ื”ืฉื—ืงื ื™ืช ืœื‘ืฉื” ืœืคืจืžื™ื™ืจืช ื”ืกืจื˜ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ื–'ืงื˜ ื•ืžืชื—ืชื™ื• ืฆื•ื•ืืจื•ืŸ ืฉืžืชืคืงื“ ื›ืคื™ืก ืขืฆืžืื™. ื•ื–ื” ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื”ืืื•ื˜ืคื™ื˜ ื”ื”ื•ืจืก ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ื‘ืกื™ื‘ื•ื‘ ื”ืงื™ื“ื•ื ื”ื–ื”

ื”ืžืฆืœืžื” ื‘ื˜ืงืก ื”ืžืฉื•ืื•ืช ืืžื ื ื”ืชืžืงื“ื” ืœื ืžืขื˜ ื‘ืฉืจื” ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื•ืžื™ืจื™ ืจื’ื‘, ืื‘ืœ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช ื”ืฆืœื™ื— ืœื”ืชืื‘ืกืก ืขืœ ืžื™ืฉื”ื™ ืื—ืจืช: ื”ื—ื™ื™ืœืช ื”ื™ืคื” ืื•ืจืŸ ืžืฆื•ื™ื™ื ื™ื, ืฉื”ืคืจื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืคื ื™ื” ื‘ืจืงืข ื”ื˜ืงืก ื”ื™ืคื ื˜ ืฆื•ืคื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื•ืฉืœื— ืื•ืชื ืœื‘ืจืจ ื“ื—ื•ืฃ ืžื™ ื”ื™ื. ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื›ืฉื–ื”ื•ืชื” ื™ื“ื•ืขื”, ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืชืจื›ื– ื’ื ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืชื™ื” ื”ืื•ืคื ืชื™ื•ืช

ื˜ืงืก ื”ื“ืœืงืช ื”ืžืฉื•ืื•ืช ื”ืคื•ืชื— ืืช ื—ื’ื™ื’ื•ืช ื™ื•ื ื”ืขืฆืžืื•ืช ื”ื•ื ืœืœื ืกืคืง ืื—ื“ ื”ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื ื”ื›ื™ ืจืฉืžื™ื™ื ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื”ืžืฉื™ืžื” ืฉืœ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ื‘ื’ื“ ืœืžื ื—ื”, ื”ื™ื ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ืžืฉื™ืžื” ืœื ืคืฉื•ื˜ื”. ืžื™ ืฉื”ืฆื˜ื™ื™ื ื” ื‘ืžืฉื™ืžื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืžืœื™ ืœื•ื™ ื‘ืฉืžืœื” ืœื‘ื ื” ืฉืœ ืžืขืฆื‘ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช ืฉืชืคืจื” ืฉืžืœื” ืœืžื™ื“ื•ืชื™ื” ืฉื’ื ื”ื—ืžื™ืื” ืœื” ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื•ื’ื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื‘ื•ืœ ืœืื™ืจื•ืข. ืฉืืคื•

ื‘ืจ ืจืคืืœื™ ื”ื•ื˜ืกื” ืœืคืจืžื™ื™ืจื” ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืกืจื˜ "ื”ืฉื˜ืŸ ืœื•ื‘ืฉืช ืคืจืื“ื” 2" ื‘ืœื•ื ื“ื•ืŸ, ื•ื‘ื—ืจื” ืœืื™ืจื•ืข ื‘ืžื” ืฉื ืจืื” ื›ืžื• ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื”ืžื™ืœื•ืœื™ ืœื›ื•ืชืจืช: "ื”ืžืœืืš ืœื•ื‘ืฉืช ืžืงืจื˜ื ื™". ื”ื™ื ื ืจืืชื” ื›ืžื• ืืœื” ื™ื•ื•ื ื™ืช ื‘ืฉืžืœืช ืกื˜ืจืคืœืก ืžืจื—ืคืช ื•ืฉืงื•ืคื” ืฉืœ ืกื˜ืœื”, ื‘ืื•ืจืš ืžืงืกื™ ื•ืขื ืžื—ืฉื•ืฃ ืขืžื•ืง ื•ืžืกื•ื›ืŸ ืžื–'ืื ืจ ื”ืกื•ื•ื™ื˜ื”ืืจื˜

ืื– ืžื” ื ืœื‘ืฉ ื‘ืงื™ืฅ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืงืœื™ืœ ืื‘ืœ ื’ื ืืœื’ื ื˜ื™? ืœื˜ื™ืกื™ื” ืžืœื›ืช ืกืคืจ ื›ื‘ืจ ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ืฉื”ืคืจื™ื˜ ื”ื›ื™ ืžืชืื™ื ืœื”ื’ื“ืจื” ื”ื–ื• ื”ื•ื ืžื›ื ืกื™ื™ื ืœื‘ื ื™ื. ื ื“ืžื” ืฉืžืœื‘ื“ ื”ืื•ื‘ืกืกื™ื” ื”ืขื•ื ืชื™ืช ื”ื–ื•, ื”ืžืœื›ื” ืคื™ืชื—ื” ืงืจืืฉ ืื—ืจ ืœื—ื•ืœืฆื•ืช ื”ืงืฉื™ืจื” ื”ืขืœ-ื–ืžื ื™ื•ืช โ€“ ืคืจื™ื˜ ืฉืžืฆืœื™ื— ืœื”ื›ื ื™ืก ืจื•ื— ืจื•ืžื ื˜ื™ืช ื•ื‘ื•ืกื˜ ืฉืœ ื‘ื•ื”ื•-ืฉื™ืง ืœื›ืœ ืœื•ืง

ืื™ืคื” ื”ื™ื ื”ื›ื™ ืื•ื”ื‘ืช ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื”ืงื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื”, ืžื” ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ืœื ืชืœื‘ืฉ, ื‘ืื™ื–ื” ื‘ื•ืฉื ื”ื™ื ืžืฉืชืžืฉืช, ืžื”ื• ื”ืคืจื™ื˜ ื”ื›ื™ ื™ืงืจ ื‘ืืจื•ืŸ ืฉืœื” ื•ืื™ื–ื” ืžื•ืชื’ ื”ื™ื ื—ื•ืœืžืช ืฉื™ื’ื™ืข ื›ื‘ืจ ืœืืจืฅ? ืจืื™ื•ืŸ ืœืœื ืคื™ืœื˜ืจื™ื ืขื ืงื™ื ืื•ืจ ืื–ื•ืœืื™

ื”ืขื•ื ื” ื”ื—ืžื” ื”ื™ื ืฉืขืชืŸ ื”ื™ืคื” ืฉืœ ืžืฉื‘ืฆื•ืช ื”ื’ื™ื ื’ื”ืื, ื•ื”ืคืขื ื”ืŸ ืžื’ื™ืขื•ืช ื‘ืฆื•ืจืช ื‘ื™ืงื™ื ื™ื– ื‘ืฉืœืœ ื’ื–ืจื•ืช. ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจื” ืจื•ืžื ื˜ื™ืช ืขื ื•ื™ื™ื‘ ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืคืฉื” ืื™ืจื•ืคืื™ืช, ื”ื”ื™ืฆืข ืงื™ื™ื ื‘ืฉืœืœ ื—ื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื•ื™ืฉ ื’ื ืฆื‘ืขื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืื—ืช ืžื“ื•ื™ืงืช ืฉืžืชื‘ืœื˜ืช ืžืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืช

ื”ื•ื ืงื™ื™ื ื›ื‘ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-150 ืฉื ื”, ืื‘ืœ ื”ืชืคื•ืฆืฅ ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ื›ืฉื”ืคืš ืœืžื“ื™ "ื”ืื•ืฃ-ื“ื™ื•ื˜ื™" ื”ืจืฉืžื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืกื•ืคืจืžื•ื“ืœืก ืžืฉื ื•ืช ื”ืชืฉืขื™ื. ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื”ืื•ื‘ืกืกื™ื” ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ืช ืœืขืฉื•ืจ ื”ื”ื•ื ืžื˜ืขื™ื ื” ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืชืฉื•ืงื” ื˜ื™ืงื˜ื•ืงื™ืช ื‘ื•ืขืจืช, ื•ื–ื• ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืœื ืกื•ืช ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ, ืฉื•ื‘, ืžื” ื”ื•ืคืš ืื•ืชื• ืœื’'ื™ื ืก ื”ืžื•ืฉืœื

ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืช ืฉื™ืชื•ืคื™ ื”ืคืขื•ืœื” ืฉืœ ืจืฉืชื•ืช ืขื ืžืขืฆื‘ื™-ืขืœ ืžืจื™ืžื” ื”ื™ืœื•ืš ืœืงืจืืช ื”ืื‘ื™ื‘, ื•ื”ื‘ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ื˜ืจื™ื” ื•ื”ืจื•ืชื—ืช ืžื›ื•ืœืŸ ืฉื™ื™ื›ืช ืœื•ื•ื™ืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื‘ืงื”ืื ืฉื—ื•ืฉืคืช ืงื•ืœืงืฆื™ื” ื‘ืช 38 ืคืจื™ื˜ื™ื ืœืจืฉืช ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ืช ื”ืงืœืืกื™ืช. ื™ืฉ ืฉื ื›ืžื” ืžืขื™ืœื™ื ืžื•ืฉืœืžื™ื, ืกื˜ ื’'ื™ื ืก ืฉืงืฉื” ืœื ืœืคื ื˜ื– ืขืœื™ื• ื•ืกื•ื•ื˜ืฉื™ืจื˜ ืื—ื“ ืฉืื•ืžืจ ื”ื›ืœ

ื—ื•ืœืฆื” ืžื›ื•ืคืชืจืช ื‘ื›ื—ื•ืœ-ืœื‘ืŸ, ื’'ื™ื ืก ื‘ื”ื™ืจ ืžืชืจื—ื‘, ืžืฉืงืคื™ ืฉืžืฉ ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื•ื ืขืœื™ื™ื ื ื•ื—ื•ืช ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“. ื”ื™ื ืื•ืžื ื ื”ืฉืงื™ืขื” ื‘ืžืจืื” ื”ื–ื” ื›ืžื” ืืœืคื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื™ื™ืฉื ืื•ืชื• ื‘ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ื’ื ื‘ืœื™ ืœืงืจื•ืข ืืช ื”ืืจื ืง

ื‘ื’ื“ื•ืœ - ืกื•ื•ื˜ืฉื™ืจื˜ ื•ื—ืฆืื™ืช. ื‘ืงื˜ืŸ - ื›ืชืฃ ืฉืžื•ื˜ื” ื-ืœื” ืจื™ื˜ื”, ื‘ืœื™ ื—ื–ื™ื™ื”, ืขื ื’ื–ืจื” ืฉื ืฆืžื“ืช ืœื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื ืขืœื™ื™ื ืฉืจื•ืžื–ื•ืช ืขืœ ืื—ื“ ื”ื˜ืจื ื“ื™ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืงื™ืฅ. ืงื™ื ื‘ื–ืš ื”ื›ืœ ืงืคืฆื” ืขื ื”ื‘ื•ื™ืคืจื ื“ ืœื•ืื™ืก ื”ืžื™ืœื˜ื•ืŸ ืœืžืกืขื“ืช ื”ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืœื”, ื•ื›ื›ื” ื–ื” ื ืจืื”

ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจ ืžืฉืคื—ืชื™ ื‘ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง, ื‘ื—ืจื” ืื™ื•ื•ื ืงื” ื˜ืจืืžืค ืœืœื‘ื•ืฉ ืฉืžืœืช ืžืงืกื™ ืฉื—ื•ืจื” ื•ืžืคื•ืกืœืช ืฉื”ื™ื ื‘ืขืฆื ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžืืœืฃ ื‘ื ื‘ื™ืจื” ื‘ืืจื›ื™ื•ื ื™ ืื•ืคื ื”. ื”ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ื”ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ื’'ื™ ื ื˜ื•ืœ ื”ืฉืจื•ื•ืœื™ื ื”ืฆื™ื’ ืžื—ืฉื•ืฃ ืžืฉื•ืœืฉ ืขืžื•ืง ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“. ื“ืจืžื” ื ื•ืกืคืช ื ืจืืชื” ื‘ื‘ื˜ื ืช ื”ืžืฉื™ ื”ืื“ื•ืžื” ืฉื”ืฆื™ืฆื” ืžื‘ืขื“ ืœื‘ื“ ื”ืฉื—ื•ืจ ื”ืงื˜ื™ืคืชื™ ื•ื ืชื ื” ืœืœื•ืง ืขื•ืžืง ืžืกืชื•ืจื™. ืžื” ืฉื‘ื˜ื•ื—, ื ื™ื›ืจ ืฉื”ื™ื ืœื ืžืื“ ืžืคื—ื“ืช ืžื”ืื•ืคืฆื™ื” ืฉืœ ื—ื–ืจื” ืœืžืœื—ืžื”

ื’ืœ ื’ื“ื•ืช ื‘ื—ืจื” ื‘ืœื•ืง ื“ืจืžื˜ื™ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืฉื˜ื™ื— ื”ืื“ื•ื ื›ืฉื”ื™ื ืœื•ืงื—ืช ืฉืžืœืช ืžืงืกื™ ืฉื—ื•ืจื” ื•ืžืขืœื™ื” ื–'ืงื˜ ืงืจื•ืค ืžื—ื•ื™ื˜. ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื’ื“ื•ืช ื”ืขืœืชื” ื”ืคืงืช ืื•ืคื ื” ืฉื’ื ื”ื™ื ื›ื•ืœื” ืืคืœื” ืื‘ืœ ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื™ืคื”. ื’ื ื›ืฉื”ื™ื ื ื•ืชื ืช ืœืฆื“ ื”ืืคืœ ืœื”ืฆื™ืฅ ื‘ืจืžื™ื–ื”, ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื•ื ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ืžืงื•ื ืžื•ืืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ืฉื’ืœ ื‘ื•