ืขืœื” ื‘ื—ื›ืชื ื•: ื”ืืงืกืกื•ืจื™ ื”ืžืชื•ืง ื”ื–ื” ืžืชืคื•ืฆืฅ, ื•ื–ื” ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืื—ื“

ื”ื›ื•ื›ื‘ืช ื™ืฆืื” ืœื—ื•ืคืฉื” ืžืฉืคื—ืชื™ืช, ื•ื’ืจืžื” ืœืงื•ื ืกืคื˜ ืœื”ื™ืจืื•ืช ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื˜ืจืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ ืžืžืฉ ืฉื—ืฉื‘ื ื•. ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื—ื•ืฃ ืœื‘ืจื™ื›ื” ื”ื™ื ื“ื™ื’ืžื ื” ื›ืžื” ื‘ื’ื“ื™ ื™ื, ื—ืฆืื™ืช ืžื™ื ื™ ื‘ืื•ื•ื™ืจืช Y2K ื•ื˜ื•ืค ืกืจื•ื’ ืžื—ืžื™ื. ืœื›ืจื˜ืก ื•ืœืฉื—ื–ืจ ื‘ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”

ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ "ื•ื•ื’ ืขื•ืœื" ื‘ืคืจื™ื– ื›ืœืœื• ืชืฆื•ื’ืช ืื•ืคื ื” ืžืฉื•ื’ืขืช ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ, ืฉื”ื™ื•ื•ืชื” ืžืขื™ืŸ ื˜ืงืก ืคืชื™ื—ื” ืืœื˜ืจื ื˜ื™ื‘ื™ ืœืื•ืœื™ืžืคื™ืื“ื” ืฉืชื—ืœ ืฉื ื‘ืขื•ื“ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ. ืงื™ื™ื˜ื™ ืคืจื™ ื—ื’ื’ื” ืืช ื”ืื™ื™ื˜ื™ื– ื•ืืช ืขื ืฃ ืืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืœื—ื™ืžื” ื‘ืืื•ื˜ื˜ืคื™ื˜ ืื•ื•ื ื’ืจื“ื™ ื•ืคืจื•ื‘ื•ืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™, ืกื‘ืจื™ื ื” ืงืจืคื ื˜ืจ ืฉื—ื–ืจื” ืืช ื”ืžืฆืืช ื”ื‘ื™ืงื™ื ื™ ื•ื›ื•ื›ื‘ืช "ืืžื™ืœื™ ื‘ืคืจื™ื–" ื”ื“ื’ื™ืžื” ืื™ืš ื‘ืืžืช ืœื•ื‘ืฉื•ืช ื—ืœื™ืคืช ืขื•ืฆืžื”

ื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื”ืœื‘ืฉื” ื”ืชื—ืชื•ื ื” ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื’ืžืจื™ ืงื•ืจื” ื•ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื‘ืจ ืจืคืืœื™ ืœื‘ืฉื” ืฉืžืœืช ืกืœื™ืค ืฉื—ื•ืจื” ืฉื”ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื›ื•ืชื ืช ืœื™ืœื”, ื”ื’ื™ืข ืชื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ื˜ืœื™ื” ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื”. ื”ืคืขื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื‘ื’ื“ ื’ื•ืฃ ืœืœื ื‘ืจื–ืœื™ื ื•ืœืœื ืจื™ืคื•ื“ ืฉื ื•ืขื“ ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืœื—ื˜ื‘ ืžืชื—ืช ืœื‘ื’ื“ื™ื. ืชื•ื“ื• ืฉื–ื• ื™ืฆื™ืื” ืžืคืชื™ืขื” ื•ืžืขื•ืœื”. ืื”ื‘ื ื• ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ

ืื ื™ืฉ ืžื™ืฉื”ื™ ืฉื”ื™ื ื’ืื•ื ื” ืฉื™ื•ื•ืงื™ืช ื”ื™ื ื ื˜ืข ืืœื—ืžื™ืกื˜ืจ. ืœืฆื™ืœื•ืžื™ื ืœืงืžืคื™ื™ืŸ ื—ื“ืฉ ืœื—ื™ืžืจ ืฉื™ืขืจ ืฉืœื”, ื”ื™ื ืœื‘ืฉื” ื‘ื’ื“ ื™ื ื‘ืฆื‘ืข ืฉื•ืงื•ืœื“ ื”ื™ืกื˜ืจื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ืชื’ ืฉืœื” ื‘ื ื ื”ื•ื˜. ืขืœ ื”ืกื˜, ื ื˜ืข ื’ื ืžืฆืื” ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ืžืงื•ืจื™ ืœืงื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื–ื’ืŸ ื•ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืงืจื“ื™ื“ื’ืŸ ื”ื™ื ืœื‘ืฉื” ื—ืฆืื™ืช ืžื™ื ื™ ื”ื•ืจืกืช ืฉื”ืคืชื™ืขื” ืื•ืชื ื•

ื–ื” ื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืžืžื“ื™ื“ื•ืช ื•ืคื™ืกื•ืœ ืขืœ ื’ื•ืคื” ืฉืœ ื™ืขืœ, ื”ืชื’ืœื’ืœ ืœื‘ื“ ืฉื—ื•ืจ ืžื—ื•ื™ื˜ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื”ืกืชื™ื™ื ื‘ื˜ืืฅ' ืกืคื•ื ื˜ื ื™ ืฉืขืฉื” ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ - ืฉืจืฉืจืช ืงืจื™ืกื˜ืœื™ื ืฉืžืชืขื’ืœืช ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ื›ืชืคื™ื™ื ื•ืขื“ ืœืชื—ืชื™ืช ื”ื’ื‘. ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉื”ื“ื•ื’ืžื ื™ืช ืœื‘ืฉื” ืœื—ืชื•ื ื” ื”ื ื•ืฆืฆืช ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื ื”

ื ื•ืขื” ืงื™ืจืœ ื”ืฆื˜ืœืžื” ื‘ื˜ื•ืค ืกื˜ืจืคืœืก ืžืคื•ืกืœ, ืฉื–ื” ืคืจื™ื˜ ืžืœื”ื™ื‘ ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ืขืฆืžื•, ืื‘ืœ ื”ื—ืฆืื™ืช ื™ื“ื™ื™ื ืฉื—ื•ื‘ืงืช ืืช ืžื•ืชื ื™ื”, ื”ื™ื ื’ื•ืœืช ื”ื›ื•ืชืจืช ืฉืœ ื”ืœื•ืง. ื”ื™ืฆื™ืจื” ื”ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื” ื”ื–ืืช ื”ื™ื ืชื•ืฆืื” ืฉืœ ื”ื“ืคืกืช ืชืœืช ืžื™ืžื“ ื•ื–ื” ืื—ื“ ื”ืœื•ืงื™ื ื”ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืจืขื ื ื™ื ืฉื ื•ืขื” ืœื‘ืฉื” ืื™ ืคืขื

ืœื ืฉืขื“ ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื”ื™ื ื—ืกื›ื” ืžื”ืขื•ืœื ืืช ื”ืกื˜ื™ื™ืœ ื”ื”ืจื™ื•ื ื™ ื”ืžื•ืฉืœื ืฉืœื”, ืื‘ืœ ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื”ื™ื™ืœื™ ื‘ื™ื‘ืจ ืžื˜ื™ืœื” ืคืฆืฆืช ืจื™ื”ืื ื” ื•ื™ื•ืฆืืช ื‘ืœื•ืง ืกื•ืคืจ ื”ืจื™ื•ื ื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ื’ื ืกื•ืคืจ-ืžื’ื” ืกืงืกื™. ื‘ื™ื ืชื™ื™ื, ื”ืื‘ ืœืขืชื™ื“ ื’'ืกื˜ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื‘ืจ ืžืกืชื•ื‘ื‘ ืœืฆื“ื” ื›ื”ืจื’ืœื• ื‘ืืื•ื˜ืคื™ื˜ ืชืžื•ื” ืฉืžืขืกื™ืง ืืช ื”ืžื’ื™ื‘ื™ื

ืขื•ืžืจื™ ืœื•ื–ื•ืŸ, ื”ื‘ืŸ ืฉืœ ืขืžื•ืก, ื”ืชื—ืชืŸ ื‘ืกื•ืคืฉ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืžืขืฆื‘ืช ืžืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืืฉื™ ื‘ื—ืชื•ื ืช ืขื ืง. ืื—ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื—ืชืŸ, ืื•ืจ ืœื•, ื”ื—ืœื™ืคื” ืœื ืคื—ื•ืช ืžืฉืœื•ืฉ ืฉืžืœื•ืช ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืื™ืจื•ืข. ื›ื–ื” ืขื•ื“ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืœื ื•

ื‘ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ืื’ื ื‘ื•ื—ื‘ื•ื˜ ื”ื•ืชืงืคื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžืขืจื™ืฅ ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื”ื•ืคื™ืขื” ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืžื”, ืื‘ืœ ืžืžืฉ ื‘ืœื™ ืฉื•ื ืฉื•ื ืงืฉืจ ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ื—ืžื™ื ืœื” ืขืœ ื”ืœื•ืง ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ืฉืœื‘ืฉื”. ื”ืคืขื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื’ืณื™ื ืก ื‘ื”ื™ืจ ืฉื ืจืื” ื‘ื’ื™ืžื•ืจ ืžื˜ืืœื™ ื•ื˜ื•ืค ืžื—ื•ืš ืžืคื•ืกืœ ื‘ื’ื•ื•ืŸ ื›ื—ื•ืœ ืฉืžื’ื™ืข ืžืื—ื“ ื”ืžื•ืชื’ื™ื ื”ื›ื™ ืงื•ืœื™ื ื›ืจื’ืข ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืื•ืคื ื”. ืื”ื‘ื ื• ื‘ืจืžื•ืช

ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ืกืคืงืชื ืœื”ื™ื“ืœืง ืขืœื™ื”ืŸ ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ื”ืŸ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื ืจืื•ืช ืœื›ื ื›ืžื• ื™ืฆื™ืจ ื›ืœืื™ื™ื ืžืฉื•ื ื” - ื ืขืœื™ ื”ื‘ืœืจื™ื ื” ื”ืžืจื•ืฉืชื•ืช ื”ืŸ ื”-ื˜ืจื ื“ ืฉืœ ืงื™ืฅ 2024, ื•ื”ืืžืช ื”ื™ื ืฉื”ืŸ ื’ื ืžืฆื™ืขื•ืช ืฉื“ืจื•ื’ ืžืจืขื ืŸ ืœืงืœืืกื™ืงื” ื”ืกื’ื•ืจื”. ื”ื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื–ื” ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืžืกืชืขืฃ ืœื›ืœ ืžื™ื ื™ ื’ืจืกืื•ืช, ืื– ืืกืคื ื• ืืช ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ

ื‘ืกื“ืจื” ืงืจืกื™ื“ื” ืงืื•ืคืจ ืœื•ื‘ืฉืช ืฉืžืœื•ืช ืขืฆื•ืžื•ืช ื•ืžืชื”ื“ืจืช ื‘ืชืกืจื•ืงื•ืช ืžื•ื’ื–ืžื•ืช, ืื‘ืœ ืœืฉื—ืงื ื™ืช ืฉืžื’ืœืžืช ืื•ืชื” - ื’'ืกื™ืงื” ืžื“ืกืŸ - ื™ืฉ ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืกื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืžืฉื•ื‘ื— ืฉื›ื•ืœืœ ื—ืœื™ืคื•ืช ื›ื™ืคื™ื•ืช, ืฉืžืœื•ืช ืกืงืกื™ื•ืช ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ื›ืคื›ืคื™ื. ื”ื‘ื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืคืกืคืก ืื•ืชื”

ืคืจื ื™ืœ ืจื•ื–ื ืงื™ืœื“ ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ืช ืืช ื”ืกื˜ื™ื™ืœ ื”ืกืงื ื“ื™ื ื‘ื™ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžื•ืฉืœืžืช โ€“ ืฆื‘ืขื•ื ื™, ืœื ืžืชืืžืฅ ื•ืขื ืืžื™ืจื” ืื™ืฉื™ืช ื‘ืจื•ืจื”. ื’ื ื›ืฉื”ืชื—ืชื ื” ื”ื™ื ืขืฉืชื” ืืช ื–ื” ืขื ืื•ืชื• ื”ืœืš ืจื•ื—, ื•ื‘ื—ืจื” ื‘ื˜ื•ืค ื ื•ืฆื•ืช ืœืฆื“ ื—ืฆืื™ืช ืื•ืจื’ื ื–ื” ืฉื—ื•ืฉืคืช ืืช ืžื” ืฉืชื—ืชื™ื” ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื”

ืกืคืจื• ืœื ื• ืื™ื–ื• ื”ืชืœื‘ื˜ื•ืช ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืœื›ืŸ ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื” ื•ืื•ืœื™ ืชื–ื›ื• ื‘ืžื•ืฆืจื™ ื˜ื™ืคื•ื— ืฉืœ ืกื‘ื•ืงืœื ื‘ืฉื•ื•ื™ 500 ืฉืงืœื™ื

ื›ืœ ืื™ืฉื” ืขื ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœื›ืกืฃ ื•ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื•ืช ืžืœื•ื›ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ืชืœื‘ืฉ ื”ื™ื˜ื‘, ืื‘ืœ ืœื ืœื›ืœ ืื™ืฉื” ื™ืฉ ืกื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืžื•ืœื“ ืฉืžืงืจื™ืŸ ืžื”ืคื ื™ื ืœื—ื•ืฅ. ืœื“ื™ืื ื” ื”ื™ื” ืืช ื–ื”, ื•ืœืœื˜ื™ืกื™ื” ืžืœื›ืช ืกืคืจื“ ื’ื, ืžื” ืฉืžืืคืฉืจ ืœื” ืœืœื‘ื•ืฉ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืื•ื“ ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื ืžืจืฉืชื•ืช ืื•ืคื ื” ื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื”ื™ืจืื•ืช ืžืœื›ื•ืชื™ืช. ื”ืคืขื, ืœื˜ื™ืกื™ื” ื‘ื—ืจื” ื‘ื—ืฆืื™ืช ืคืœื™ืกื” ืฉืœ ื”ืจืฉืช ื”ืกืคืจื“ื™ืช ืฉื’ื•ืจืžืช ืœื ื• ืœืจื•ืฅ ืœื—ืคืฉ ื‘ืืจื•ืŸ ืื™ืคื” ืฉืžื ื• ืืช ื”ื—ืฆืื™ืช ืฉืœื ื•

ื”ืคืคืจืืฆื™ ื”ืฉืชื’ืขื• ื›ืฉื ื•ืœื“ื” ื•ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ื’ื™ืœ 4 ื”ื™ื ื”ื•ืคื™ืขื” ื‘ืžื’ื–ื™ื ื™ ืื•ืคื ื”, ื•ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื‘ืชื ืฉืœ ื˜ื•ื ืงืจื•ื– ื•ืงื™ื™ื˜ื™ ื”ื•ืœืžืก ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ืช 18. ืœืžืกื™ื‘ืช ืกื™ื•ื ื”ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื” ื‘ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง ื”ื™ื ืœื‘ืฉื” ืฉืžืœืช ืžื—ื•ืš ื‘ืกื’ื ื•ืŸ ืฉื ื•ืช ื”-2000, ื•ื ืจืืชื” ื™ืคื”ืคื™ื™ื” (ื•ื“ื•ืžื” ืžืชืžื™ื“ ืœืืžื”)