ืจืืฉื™ ื˜ืจื ื“ื™ื

ื”ืืžืช ื”ื™ื ืฉืืชื ื›ื‘ืจ ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ืื•ืชืŸ ื”ื™ื˜ื‘, ื•ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืฉืืคื™ืœื• ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ืฆื˜ื™ื™ื“ืชื ื‘ื–ื•ื’ ืื• ืฉื ื™ื™ื. ืื‘ืœ ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืŸ ืฉื ืกืงืกื™, ื•ื ื•ื›ื—ื•ืช ืžื•ื’ื‘ืจืช ื‘ื—ื ื•ื™ื•ืช - ื•ื–ื• ืกื™ื‘ื” ืžืกืคื™ืง ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืกื“ืจ ื‘ื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ืกื ื™ืงืจืก ื”ื“ื•ืžื™ื ื ื˜ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืชืงื•ืคื”. ื›ืืŸ ืชืžืฆืื• ืืช ื”ืื•ืคืฆื™ื•ืช ื”ื›ื™ ืฉื•ื•ืช

ื ื•ื“ื™ืข ืžืจืืฉ: ืœื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืคืจื™ื˜ ื ื’ื™ืฉ ืœื›ืœ ื›ื™ืก, ืื‘ืœ ื”ืื™ื˜-ื‘ื’ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ื•ืœื ื˜ื™ื ื•, ืฉืžื’ื™ืข ื‘ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืืงืกื˜ืจื” ืจื—ื‘ ื•ื›ื™ืคื™ ืฉืœ ืฆื‘ืขื™ื ื•ื˜ืงืกื˜ื•ืจื•ืช, ื”ื•ื ื›ื ืจืื” ื–ื” ืฉืขื•ืžื“ ืœื”ืฆื™ืช ืืช ื˜ืจื ื“ ืชื™ืงื™ ื”ืžืขื˜ืคื” ื”ืงื˜ื ื™ื

ื”ืื•ืคืฆื™ื” ืชืžื™ื“ ืงื™ื™ืžืช ื‘ืืจืกื ืœ ื”ืกื˜ื™ื™ืœื™ื ื’, ืื‘ืœ ื”ื—ื•ืจืฃ ื”ื–ื” ื”ื•ืคืš ืืช ื”ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื ืขืœื™ ืขืงื‘ ื•ื’ืจื‘ื™ื™ื ืœื“ื•ืžื™ื ื ื˜ื™ ื•ื ื—ืฉืง ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“. ืžื•ืชื’ื™ ื”ืขืœ ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉื“ืจ ื‘ืœืื’ืŸ ืžืชื•ื—ื›ื, ืกื ื“ืœื™ ื”ืขืงื‘ ื”ืงื™ืฆื™ื™ื ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืชื•, ื•ื”ืงืกื ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ ื‘ื• ื”ื•ื ืฉื”ื›ืœ ื”ื•ืœืš - ื”ื—ื•ื›ืžื” ื”ื™ื ืจืง ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืืช ื’ืจื‘ื™ ื”ืกื˜ื™ื™ื˜ืžื ื˜ ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื•ืช

ืืคืฉืจ ื”ื™ื” ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ื: ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืื‘ื•ืœื•ืฆื™ื” ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช ืฉืœ ืžื˜ืคื—ืช ื”ื‘ื‘ื•ืฉืงื”, ืฉืขื˜ืคื” ืืช ืจืืฉื™ื”ืŸ ื‘ืงื™ืฅ ื‘ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ื”ื‘ื™ืงื™ื ื™. ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืžื’ื™ืข ื”ืจื’ืข ืฉืœ ื”ืฆืขื™ืฃ ื”ืžืฉื•ืœืฉ, ืื• ื”ื‘ื ื“ื ื” ื”ืกืจื•ื’ื” - ื•ื–ื” ื—ืชื™ื›ืช ืจื’ืข, ื›ื•ืœืœ ืื™ื˜-ืคืจื™ื˜ ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ ื ื—ืฉืง ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื•ื™ืงืจ ื‘ื”ืชืื. ืื‘ืœ ื’ื ื‘ื–ืืจื” ื›ื‘ืจ ืžืฆื™ืขื™ื ืืช ื”ืืงืกืกื•ืจื™ ื”ืกื•ืคืจ-ื˜ืจื ื“ื™ ื”ื–ื”

ืืชืŸ ืจืง ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื•ืช ืฉืืชืŸ ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืžื” ื–ื”. ืœืžืขืฉื”, ืืชืŸ ื™ื•ื“ืขื•ืช ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง: ืืœื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื”ื ืขืœื™ื™ื ืฉืžื—ื›ื•ืช ืœื™ื“ ื”ื“ืœืช, ื›ื™ ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืงืœ ืœื ืขื•ืœ ื•ืœื—ืœื•ืฅ ืื•ืชืŸ ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื›ืœ ืงืคื™ืฆื” ื”ื—ื•ืฆื”. ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช - ื”ื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื–ื”, ืฉืžืกืชืžืŸ ื›ืื—ื“ ื”ื“ื•ืžื™ื ื ื˜ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ื ื”, ืžืฆื™ืข ื›ืžื” ื—ื™ื“ื•ื“ื™ื ืืกืชื˜ื™ื™ื ืฉืžื˜ืฉื˜ืฉื™ื ืืช ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื ืขืœื™ ื‘ื™ืช ืœื ืขืœื™ ื—ื•ืฅ (ื•ื’ื ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืœื‘ื™ืจืงื ืฉื˜ื•ืง ื”ืงืœืืกื™ื•ืช ืœื”ื™ืจืื•ืช ืงืฆืช ื’ืกื•ืช ืžื“ื™)

ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืœืœื ืกืคืง ืฉืขืชื• ื”ื™ืคื” ืฉืœ ื”ื–'ืงื˜, ื•ื”ื™ื ืœืžืขืฉื” ื ืžืฉื›ืช ืœืื•ืจืš ืจื•ื‘ ื”ื—ื•ืจืฃ ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ - ื›ืš ืฉื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ื›ื“ืื™ ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœืื’ื•ืจ ื”ืฉืจืื•ืช. ืื—ืช ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื”ืŸ ื”ืขื•ื ื” ืžื’ื™ืขื” ื”ื™ื™ืฉืจ ืžืžืกืœื•ืœื™ ื”ืขืœ ืฉืœ ืžื•ืชื’ื™ื ื›ืžื• ื“ื™ื•ืจ ื•ืžืงื•ื•ื™ืŸ, ื•ืžืžื•ืงื“ืช ื‘ื“ื™ื˜ื™ื™ืœื™ื ืฆื‘ืื™ื™ื ืงืœืืกื™ื™ื ื›ืžื• ื›ื•ืชืคื•ืช, ืœื•ืœืื•ืช ื•ื›ืคืชื•ืจื™ื. ืœื ื—ืกืจื•ืช ืžื™ื™ืฉืžื•ืช ืžืฉื›ื ืขื•ืช

ืขื•ืœื ื”ืื•ืคื ื” ืžืชืขืงืฉ ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ื‘ืžืกืขื• ื”ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ืžื ืข ืืœ ืžื—ื•ื–ื•ืช ื”ืกืงื™ื ื™ ื’'ื™ื ืก, ื•ื‘ื“ืจืš ืขื•ืฆืจ ื‘ืชื—ื ืช ื‘ื™ื ื™ื™ื ืžื˜ืจื™ื“ื” ืžืฉื”ื•: ืงื‘ืœื• ืืช ื”ืกื˜ืจื™ื™ื˜ ื”ื ืžื•ืš. ื–ื” ืจืง ื ืฉืžืข ื›ืžื• ืชื™ืื•ืจ ื‘ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื™ืช ื”ื™ื›ืจื•ื™ื•ืช

ื–ื” ื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ื—ื•ืจืฃ ืฉืขื‘ืจ, ืื‘ืœ ื”ืขื•ื ื” ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ืช ืžืกืžื ืช ืืช ื”ืจื’ืข ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื˜ืจื ื“ ื”-Funnel Neck - ืฆื•ื•ืืจื•ื ื™ ื”"ืžืฉืคืš" ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื ืฉื”ื•ืคื›ื™ื ื›ืœ ืžืขื™ืœ ื•ื–'ืงื˜ ืœืื™ืจื•ืข ื“ืจืžื˜ื™ ื•ืืœื’ื ื˜ื™ ืžืชืžื™ื“. ื–ื” ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืขืœ ื˜ืจื ืฆ'ื™ื, ืžืขื™ืœื™ ืขื•ืจ, ื–'ืงื˜ื™ื ืกืคื•ืจื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื™ื ืื• ืคืืคืจื™ื, ื•ื–ื” ื›ื‘ืจ ืžืžืœื ืืช ื”ื—ื ื•ื™ื•ืช. ืื– ื™ืฆืื ื• ืœืœืงื˜ ืืช ื”ื’ืจืกืื•ืช ื”ื›ื™ ืžื•ืฆืœื—ื•ืช ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื”

ืขื•ืœื ื”ืื•ืคื ื” ืžืกืจื‘ ืœืžืฆื•ืช ืืช ื ื•ืกื˜ืœื’ื™ื™ืช ื”ื ื™ื™ื ื˜ื™ื–, ืฉื”ืขื•ื ื” ืžืชืžืงื“ืช ื‘ืื™ื–ื•ืจื™ ื”ื’ืจืื ื’' ื”ืžื—ื•ืกืคืกื™ื - ืื‘ืœ ืžื–ื•ื•ื™ืช ืจื›ื” ื•ื ืงื™ื™ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื›ืš ืงื•ืจื” ืฉืœืฆื“ ื—ื•ืœืฆืช ื”ืžืฉื‘ืฆื•ืช ื”ืงืœืืกื™ืช ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื ื—ืจืฉืช ื‘ืคื™ื“, ื”ืื™ื˜ื’ื™ืจืœืก ืžื’ืœื•ืช ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืืช ื”ื˜ืจื™ืง ื”ื™ืฉืŸ ืœืžืจืื” ืฉื›ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืœืชื™ ืžืชืืžืฅ

ื”ืคืจื™ื˜ ื”ื›ื™ ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ ื‘ืžื“ืฃ ื”ืžื›ื ืกื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช ื”ืžืžื•ืฆืขืช ืžืงื‘ืœ ืขื“ื›ื•ืŸ ื’ืจืกื” ื—ื“ืฉ-ื™ืฉืŸ: ื–ื•ื›ืจื•ืช ืืช ื˜ื™ื™ืฅ ื”ืจื›ื™ื‘ื” ื”ืื™ื™ื˜ื™ื–ื™, ื–ื” ืขื ื”ืจื’ืœื™ื•ืช? ื”ื’ื™ืข ื”ืจื’ืข ืœืฉืœื•ืฃ ืื•ืชื• ืžื”ืืจื›ื™ื•ืŸ, ืื• ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœืงื ื•ืช ืื•ืชื• ื‘ื–ืืจื” - ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ืœื’ืžืจื™ ืงื•ืจื”. ื•ื›ืœ ื”ื—ื•ื›ืžื” ื˜ืžื•ื ื” ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ืจืช ื”ื ืขืœื™ื™ื

ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื”ืชืงืจืจ, ืื‘ืœ ื–ืืช ืœื ืกื™ื‘ื” ืœื•ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ื”ืชื—ืจื”. ืขื ืกื˜ื™ื™ืœื™ื ื’ ื ื›ื•ืŸ, ืžืฉื—ืงื™ ืฉื›ื‘ื•ืช ืžืื•ื–ื ื™ื ื•ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื•ื•ื ื™ื ื”ืžืชืื™ืžื™ื โ€“ ื”ื˜ืงืกื˜ื•ืจื” ื”ื–ืืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ื•ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืื™ืชื” ื ื™ื—ื•ื— ืจื•ืžื ื˜ื™ ื•ื ืฉื™ ืœื›ืœ ืœื•ืง ื’ื ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื. ืืœื” ื”ืคืจื™ื˜ื™ื ืฉืฉื•ื•ื” ืœืฆืจืฃ ืœืžืœืชื—ื” ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืขื›ืฉื™ื•

ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ืจืง ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื™ื ืฉื ื•ืขื“ ืœื”ื›ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืงืจืงืข ืœืงืืžื‘ืง ื”ืžื‘ื”ื™ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ืกืงื™ื ื™, ืื‘ืœ ื”ืืžืช ื”ื™ื ืฉื›ืจื’ืข ื–ื” ื ืจืื” ืœื ืจืข: ื’'ื™ื ืก ื”"ืกื™ื’ืจื™ื”" ืžืฆื™ืข ืคืฉืจื” ืžื—ืžื™ืื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื’ื–ืจื•ืช ื”ืžืชื—ืจื•ืช, ื•ื”ืคืืฉื ื™ืกื˜ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืคื™ื“ ื›ื‘ืจ ืœื’ืžืจื™ ืฉื›ื ืขื• ืื•ืชื ื• ืฉื–ื” ืงื•ืจื”

ืขื ืงืื ื˜ืจื™-ืฉื™ืง ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™, ืคืจืคื™ื•ืช ื ื•ืกื— ืจืืœืฃ ืœื•ืจืŸ ืื• ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื‘ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื‘ื•ื”ื•-ืฉื™ืง โ€“ ื”ื—ืฆืื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืฉื•ื‘ืฆื•ืช ืžืกืชืžื ื•ืช ื›ืžืืกื˜ ืขื•ื ืชื™, ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฆืื ื• ืืช ื”ื›ื™ ื™ืคื•ืช ืฉืžื—ื›ื•ืช ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื‘ืจืฉืชื•ืช ื•ืืฆืœ ื”ืžืขืฆื‘ื™ื

ื–ื” ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืคืจื™ื˜ ื”ืขืœ-ื–ืžื ื™ ืฉื›ื•ืœื ื• ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ื•ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื โ€“ ื‘ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืื“ืจืช ืงืœ. ื’'ื™ื ืกื™ื ื‘ื’ื•ื•ื ื™ ื—ืืงื™-ื‘ื–' ืžื—ื–ืงื™ื ืืช ืžืขืžื“ื ื‘ืจืฉืชื•ืช ื”ืื•ืคื ื”, ื‘ืจื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื•ื‘ืคื™ื“, ื•ืžืฆื™ืขื™ื ืืœื˜ืจื ื˜ื™ื‘ื” ืกืชื•ื•ื™ืช ื•ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื™ืช ืœืงืœืืกื™ืงื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื›ื•ืœื ื• ื‘ืืจื•ืŸ

ื–ื” ืื•ืœื™ ืขื•ื“ ืœื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœืœื‘ื•ืฉ ืื•ืชื, ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœืคื ื˜ื– ืขืœื™ื”ื - ื•ื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ืืจื’ื™ื™ืœ ื”ื•ื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื”ืกืคืชื— ืฉืžื“ืฃ ื”ืกืจื™ื’ื™ื ืฉืœื›ืŸ ืžื‘ืงืฉ ื”ืขื•ื ื”. ื”ื•ื•ื™ื™ื‘ ื”ื—ื ื•ื ื™-ืกืงืกื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ื”ืงืœืืกื™ืช ื”ื–ืืช ืžืฉืชืœื‘ ืžืขื•ืœื” ื‘ืืกืชื˜ื™ืงื” ื”ืฉื•ืœื˜ืช ื‘ืคื™ื“, ื•ืžืงื‘ืœ ืจื•ื— ื’ื‘ื™ืช ืžื”ืžื•ืชื’ื™ื ื”ื›ื™ ื ื—ืฉืงื™ื ื•ื”ืคืืฉื ื™ืกื˜ื•ืช ื”ื›ื™ ืžืขื•ื“ื›ื ื•ืช