ืจืืฉื™ ื˜ืจื ื“ื™ื

ื›ืžื• ืœื ืžืขื˜ ืžื”ืžื’ืžื•ืช ื”ื‘ื•ืœื˜ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืชืงื•ืคื”, ื’ื ื‘ื–ื” ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืืฉื™ื ืืช ืฆ'ืืจืœื™ XCX - ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื”ื™ื ืœื‘ืฉื”. ื•ื•ืŸ ื“ืืฅ', ื”ืžื•ืชื’ ืฉืžื–ื•ื”ื” ืขื ืกื’ื ื•ืŸ ื”-Y2K ื”ืกืœื™ื–ื™ ืฉืœ ืคืจื™ืก ื”ื™ืœื˜ื•ืŸ ื•ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™, ืกืคื™ืจืก ืžืฆืœื™ื— ืœื”ืชื ืขืจ ืžื”ืฉืขืจื•ืจื™ื” ืฉื“ื‘ืงื” ื‘ื• ื•ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืขืœ ืขื“ื›ื•ืŸ ื’ืจืกื”. ื‘ื™ื ืชื™ื™ื ื”ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื• ื ื•ืกืงื™ื, ื›ื•ื‘ืขื™ "ื ื”ื’ ื”ืžืฉืื™ืช" ืฉืœื• ืžืชืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ืคื™ื“ ื•ื”ืื™ื˜ื’ื™ืจืœืก ื”ื•ืคื›ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืœื•ื’ื• ื”ื™ืฉืŸ ืœืœื•ื”ื˜ ืžืชืžื™ื“

ื›ื‘ืจ ื›ืžืขื˜ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืจื™ื— ืื•ืชื”, ืืช ืื•ื•ื™ืจืช ื”ื—ื’ื™ื ื”ืžื‘ื•ืจื›ืช ื”ืžื‘ืฉืจืช ืขืœ ื”ืชื—ื“ืฉื•ืช. ืืจื•ืŸ ื”ื ืขืœื™ื™ื ื”ื•ื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืžื” ืฉื“ื•ืจืฉ ืจื™ืขื ื•ืŸ ืงืœ, ื›ืฉืขื ืงืฆืช ืขื–ืจื” ืžื”ื˜ืจื ื“ื™ื ื”ื—ืžื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ื ื” ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืกื˜, ื”ืžืฉื™ืžื” ื”ื–ื• ื”ื•ืคื›ืช ืœืงืœื™ืœื” ื•ืคืืŸ

ืขื ื‘ื•ืื• ืฉืœ ื”ืกืชื™ื• ื—ื•ื–ืจ ืืœื™ื ื• ื”ืคืจื™ื ื˜ ื”ืžื ื•ืžืจ, ื•ื”ืฉื ื” ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœื• ื‘ื•ืœื˜ืช ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืžื—ืœืงืช ื”ืื‘ื™ื–ืจื™ื. ืชื™ืงื™ื, ื ืขืœื™ื™ื, ื—ื’ื•ืจื•ืช ื•ื›ื•ื‘ืขื™ื - ืžืฆืื ื• ืืช ื”ืคืจื™ื˜ื™ื ืฉืฉื•ื•ื” ืœืงื ื•ืช ืขื›ืฉื™ื•

ื›ื‘ืจ ืชืงื•ืคื” ืฉื”ืื•ื‘ืกืกื™ื” ื”ืื•ืคื ืชื™ืช ืœืขื•ืœื ื”ืกืคื•ืจื˜ ืžืชืžืงื“ืช ื‘ืงืกืžืŸ ื”ืžื—ื•ืกืคืก ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืœืฆื•ืช ื”ื›ื“ื•ืจื’ืœ, ื•ื ืจืื” ืฉื‘ืขื•ื ื” ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ื” ื”ืžื’ืžื” ื”ื–ืืช ืจืง ืขื•ืžื“ืช ืœื”ืชื—ื–ืง. ื–ื™ืจืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ื’' ืžืฉื—ืงืช ื›ืืŸ ืชืคืงื™ื“ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ืื‘ืœ ืืœื™ื” ืžืฆื˜ืจืคื™ื ื’ื ืžื•ืชื’ื™ ื”ืขืœ ื•ื”ืจืฉืชื•ืช. ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื ืฉืืจืช ืจืง ืฉืืœืช ื”ืกื˜ื™ื™ืœื™ื ื’, ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช

ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื›ืืŸ ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืžื•ื‘ื”ืง ืฉืœ ืงืœืืกื™ืงื” ืขืœ-ื–ืžื ื™ืช, ืฉื‘ืžืงืจื” ื”ื™ื ื’ื ื˜ืจื ื“ ืœื•ื”ื˜ ืขื›ืฉื™ื•. ืžื•ืชื’ื™ ื”ืขืœ, ืžื•ืชื’ื™ ื”ื‘ื™ื ื™ื™ื, ื”ืจืฉืชื•ืช ื”ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ืื™ื˜ื’ื™ืจืœืก ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื - ื›ื•ืœื ื›ื‘ืจ ืœื’ืžืจื™ ืขืœ ื–ื”. ืื– ืื ืขื•ื“ ืื™ืŸ ืœื›ื ืชื™ืง ื›ื–ื” ื‘ืžืœืชื—ื”, ื–ื” ืžืžืฉ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืœืžืฆื•ื ืืช ื”ืื—ื“

ื‘ืงืจื•ื‘, ื”ื ืขืœื™ื™ื ื”ืื”ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืขืœื™ื›ืŸ ืขืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื”ื™ืจืื•ืช ืžืขื˜ ืคื—ื•ืช ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ื•ืช ืœืžื–ื’ ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ. ืื– ื ื ืœื ืœื”ืชื‘ืœื‘ืœ: ื™ืฉ ืคืชืจื•ืŸ, ื•ื”ื•ื ื˜ืจื ื“ ืœื•ื”ื˜ ื‘ืคื ื™ ืขืฆืžื•. ื”ื’ื™ืข ื”ืจื’ืข ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืžื”ืžืฉืคื™ืขื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืกืงื ื“ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืช, ื•ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœืฉืœื‘ ื’ืจื‘ื™ื™ื ืขื ื ืขืœื™ ื”ื‘ืœืจื™ื ื”

ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื›ืฉืจื•ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืกืชื™ื• ืžืชื—ื™ืœื•ืช ืœื ืฉื‘, ื”ื’'ื™ื ืกื™ื ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœืคืœืจื˜ื˜ ืื™ืชื ื• ืžื”ืžื“ืคื™ื. ื–ื” ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืœืžืงื“ ืืช ื”ืžื‘ื˜ ื‘ื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื’ื–ืจืช ื”ื“ื ื™ื ื”ื—ื•ืจืคื™ืช, ื•ืœืžืจื‘ื” ื”ืžื–ืœ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ืœืžืขืฉื” ื‘ืงืœืืกื™ืงื” ืืœื’ื ื˜ื™ืช ืฉืชืžื™ื“ ืขื•ื‘ื“ืช

ื”ืื™ืฉื” ืฉื’ืจืžื” ืœืขื•ืœื ืœื”ืชืื”ื‘ ื‘ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืฉืœ ื—ื–ื™ื™ื” ื•ืงืจื“ื™ื’ืŸ ืกืจื•ื’ื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืžื” ืขื•ื ื•ืช ื ื•ืชื ืช ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื—ื™ื–ื•ืง ืœืื—ืช ื”ื’ื–ืจื•ืช ื”ื›ื™ ืฉื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช: ื”ืกืงื™ื ื™. ืื ื”ื™ื™ืชืŸ ื—ื›ืžื•ืช ื•ืฉืžืจืชืŸ ืื•ืชื ื‘ืืจื•ืŸ โ€“ ื™ืฉ ืžืฆื‘ ืฉื–ื” ื™ืฉืชืœื

ื”ืžื•ืชื’ ื”ืื”ื•ื‘ ืœื’ืžืจื™ ืขืฉื” ื–ืืช ืฉื•ื‘, ื•ื”ืฉื™ืง ื“ื’ื ื•ื™ืจืืœื™ ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉื›ื•ื‘ืฉ ืืช ื”ืคืืฉื ื™ืกื˜ื•ืช ื‘ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ืขืœ-ื–ืžื ื™ ื•ื ื•ื—ื•ืช ื•ืจืกื˜ื™ืœื™ืช. ื‘ื ื•ืช ื”ื˜ื™ืงื˜ื•ืง ื›ื‘ืจ ืžืื•ื”ื‘ื•ืช, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืืจ ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ืืœืžื ื˜ ืงื˜ืŸ ื•ื—ื›ื ืฉืžืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืื•ืชื• ืœื”ื›ื™ ืฉืœืš ื‘ืขื•ืœื

ืœื ืžืขื˜ ื“ื’ืžื™ื ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื•ื›ืชืจื• ื‘ืชื•ืืจ ื”ื ื—ืฉืง "ื”ื™ื•ืจืฉื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื“ื™ื“ืก ืกืžื‘ื”", ืื‘ืœ ื›ืืŸ ื›ื‘ืจ ืžืกืชืžืŸ ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœ ื”ื™ืกื˜ืจื™ื” ืจืฆื™ื ื™. ื”"ืกืคื™ื“ืงืื˜" ืฉืœ ืคื•ืžื” ื”ืŸ ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืืคืจ ืœื‘ืงืฉ ื›ืจื’ืข ืžืกื ื™ืงืจืก: ื’ื–ืจื” ืฆืจื” ื•ืขื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืฉื’ืขืช ื”ื‘ืœืจื™ื ื” ืœืฆื“ ื”ืฉืจืืช ืžืจื•ืฆื™ื ื˜ืจื ื“ื™ืช, ื•ืœื•ื’ื• ืžืžื•ืงื ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื™ ื”ื‘ื“ ื”ื ื—ืฉืง ืฉืœ ื”ืจื’ืข. ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืกื˜ืจื™ืกื˜ื™ื™ืœ ื›ื‘ืจ ืœื’ืžืจื™ ืขืœ ื–ื”, ื•ื”ื“ืจื•ืค ืฉื ื—ืช ื‘ืืจืฅ ืืžื ื ื—ื•ืกืœ ืžื™ื“ - ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืงืจื•ื‘ ืžื’ื™ืข ืขื•ื“ ืื—ื“

ื”ืคืจื™ื˜ ื”ื–ื” ืžืชื—ื‘ืจ ืœื”ืฉืจืื•ืช ื”ืœื ื–'ืจื™ ืฉืžืœื•ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืขื•ื ื”, ืžืฉื“ืจื’ ืืช ื ื•ืกื—ืช ื”ืกื˜ื™ื™ืœื™ื ื’ ื”ืื”ื•ื‘ื” ืขืœ ื”ืื™ื˜ื’ื™ืจืœืก ื•ืขื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืงืœื™ืœื•ืช ืžืžืจืื•ืช ื”ืจื™ื–ื•ืจื˜ ืœืจื—ื•ื‘ ื”ืกืชื•ื•ื™. ืื ืขื•ื“ ืื™ืŸ ืœื›ืŸ ื›ื–ืืช, ื–ื” ื”ืกื™ืžืŸ ืœื”ืชืืจื’ืŸ ืขืœ ืื—ืช

ื›ื‘ืจ ื›ืžื” ืขื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื˜ืจื ื“ ืฆืžื™ื“ื™ ื”"ืงืืฃ" ืจืง ื”ื•ืœืš ื•ืžืชื—ื–ืง, ื•ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืืคืฉืจ ืœืžืฆื•ื ื›ืืœื” ื‘ืกืŸ ืœื•ืจืŸ ื•ื’ื ื‘ื–ืืจื” - ื”ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืื™ืงื•ื ื™ ื”ื•ื ืฉืœ ืžื•ืชื’ ื”ืชื›ืฉื™ื˜ื™ื ื”ืื™ืงื•ื ื™ ืžื›ื•ืœื, ื˜ื™ืคืื ื™'ืก. ื”ืฆืžื™ื“ ื”ื ื—ืฉืง ืขื•ืฆื‘ ืœืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ืฉื‘ืขื™ื, ื‘ื”ืฉืจืืช ืงื‘ืจื™ื ืขืชื™ืงื™ื, ื•ื”ื’ื™ืข ืขื“ ืœ"ื•ื•ื ื“ืจ ื•ื•ืžืŸ" ืฉืœ ื’ืœ ื’ื“ื•ืช

ืœืชื™ืงื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ืชื’ ื”ืฆืจืคืชื™ ืœื•ื ื’ืฉืืžืค ื™ืฉ ื›ื‘ืจ ืžืขืžื“ ืฉืœ ืื™ื™ืงื•ืŸ, ื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืฆืœื™ื—ื™ื ืœื—ื“ืฉ ืฉื ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ. ื”ืœื”ื™ื˜ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื’ืจืกืช ื”ืžื™ื ื™, ื•ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื‘ืžื‘ื˜ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืขื•ืœื™ื ืกื™ืžื ื™ ืฉืืœื” โ€“ ื”ื™ื ื”ืคื›ื” ืœื•ื•ื™ืจืืœื™ืช ื›ืฉื”ืคืืฉื ื™ื˜ื•ืช ืœืงื—ื• ืขืœ ืขืฆืžืŸ ืœื”ื•ื›ื™ื— ืฉื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ื ื›ื ืก ืœืชื•ื›ื”

ืืคืฉืจ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ืงื˜ืข ืื™ืจื•ื ื™, ืืคืฉืจ ื‘ืงื˜ืข ืžืชื•ื—ื›ื ืื• ืžืชื ืฉื, ืื‘ืœ ืœื’ืžืจื™ ืืคืฉืจ ื’ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœืชืช ืœื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื–ื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื”ืงื˜ืข ืฉืœื• ื‘ืขืฆืžื•: ื”ื˜ื™ืฉืจื˜ืก ื”ื’ืจืคื™ื•ืช, ืขื ื”ื“ื™ืžื•ื™ื™ื, ื”ื›ื™ืชื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ืฉืืจ ื”ืžืกืจื™ื ื”ืกืžื•ื™ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ืคื—ื•ืช, ื”ื›ื™ ืงื•ืจื•ืช. ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื ื•ืชืจ ืจืง ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืืช ืกื•ื’ ืชืฉื•ืžืช ื”ืœื‘ ืฉื‘ื ืœื›ื ืœืžืฉื•ืš ื”ื™ื•ื

ืœืงื™ื™ื˜ื™ ื”ื•ืœืžืก ื™ืฉ ื›ื™ืฉืจื•ืŸ ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ ืœื”ื™ืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืง ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื ื—ืกืจื™ ืฆื•ืจื” ืื• ืกืงืก ืืคื™ืœ. ื”ืคืขื ื”ื™ื ืขืฉืชื” ืืช ื–ื” ืขื ืžื›ื ืกื™ ื˜ืจื ื™ื ื’ ืืคื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืื•ืจืš ืžืฉื•ื ื”, ื—ื•ืœืฆืช ืคืกื™ื ืžืงื•ืžื˜ืช, ืชื™ืง ืขื•ืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ, ื•ื”ืคืจื™ื˜ ื”ื›ื™ ืฉื ื•ื™ ื‘ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช โ€“ ืกื ื“ืœื™ ื“ื™ื™ื’ื™ื. ื”ื ืืžื ื ื˜ืจื ื“ื™ื™ื ื”ืขื•ื ื”, ืื‘ืœ ืืคื™ืœื• ื”ื•ืœืžืก ืžืชืงืฉื” ืœืฉื›ื ืข ืืช ืžื™ ืฉืœื ืขืคื” ืขืœ ื”ื˜ืจื ื“